1. The document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 7 of Myers' Exploring Psychology textbook, which covers learning through classical and operant conditioning. 2. Classical conditioning involves associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response, as demonstrated by Pavlov's experiments with dogs. 3. Operant conditioning is a type of learning where behavior is strengthened through reinforcement or weakened through punishment, as described by Thorndike's Law of Effect and elaborated on by B.F. Skinner's research. 4. Both types of learning involve associating stimuli and responses, but differ in whether responses are reflexive or voluntary behaviors that operate on the environment

8. Pavlov’s Classic Experiment Before Conditioning During Conditioning After Conditioning UCS (food in mouth) Neutral stimulus (tone) No salivation UCR (salivation) Neutral stimulus (tone) UCS (food in mouth) UCR (salivation) CS (tone) CR (salivation)

15. Classical Conditioning UCS (passionate kiss) UCR (sexual arousal) CS (onion breath) CS (onion breath) CR (sexual arousal) UCS (passionate Kiss) UCR (sexual arousal)

17. Classical Conditioning Strength of CR Pause Acquisition (CS+UCS) Extinction (CS alone) Extinction (CS alone) Spontaneous recovery of CR

20. Generalization Drops of saliva in 30 seconds 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Hind paw Pelvis Shoulder Front paw Thigh Trunk Foreleg Part of body stimulated

21. Nausea Conditioning in Cancer Patients UCS (drug) UCR (nausea) CS (waiting room) CS (waiting room) CR (nausea) UCS (drug) UCR (nausea)

22. Classical Conditioning

28. Operant Conditioning

35. Schedules of Reinforcement Variable Interval Number of responses 1000 750 500 250 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Time (minutes) Fixed Ratio Variable Ratio Fixed Interval Steady responding Rapid responding near time for reinforcement 80

37. Punishment

40. Operant vs. Classical Conditioning

46. Television and Observational Learning