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Introduction to GPGPU
                   Ahmadi Nur / 11M51169
         [70020] Rural Telecommunications
Background
• Graphics Processing Unit (GPUs) are special
  processors were used to accelerate computer graphics.
• GPUs were traditional fixed-function graphics pipeline.
• GPUs are used in embedded systems, mobile phones,
  personal computers, workstations, and game consoles.
• Today, GPUs are highly parallel many-cores processors
  which enable general-purpose computation on graphics
  processing units (GPGPU).
• This shift is also driven by the need for high resolution
  3D display, high speed complex computation, advances
  of manufacturing technology, etc.
GPU VS CPU




•CPU is multicores, GPU is many (hundreds) cores
•CPU optimized for low latency, GPU optimized for high
throughput
•CPU for sequential program, GPU for parallel program
•CPU is MIMD oriented, while GPU is SIMD oriented
GPGPU
• Todays, GPGPU/GPU is widely used in most modern
  desktop/computer.
• NVIDIA and AMD (ATI) is the main player in this
  business.
• Must support high-level language programming.
• Used in broad range of applications such as oil & gas,
  finance, medical, biophysics, numeric, etc.
• TSUBAME 2.0 (the 5th fastest supercomputer) uses GPU
  Fermi architecture (has peak 2,228 Tflops)
Traditional GPU
                  •    Vertex : a special kind of point that
                       describes the corners or
                       intersections of geometric shapes
                  •    Primitive: the basic/fundamental
                       shape (triangle) which is derived
                       from the more complex geometric
                       shapes.
                  •    Fragment: the data necessary to
                       generate a single pixel's worth of a
                       drawing primitive in the frame
                       buffer.
                  •    Pixel: a single point in a raster
                       image or the smallest addressable
                       screen element in a device display


                  Source: Fatahalian, K. & Houston, M. (2008)
Process in GPU

• Lighting: compute its color based on the lights in the
  scene.
• Camera simulation: map the colored 3D triangle onto
  virtual camera’s film plane. The output is a stream of
  triangles in screen coordinates.
• Rasterization: determine each visible screen space
  triangle that overlaps some pixels on the display. Thus,
  each pixel can be treated independently.
• Texturing: add more realism to each colored pixel.
• Hidden Surface: Sort all triangles from back to front for
  each view.
Modern GPU




•   Shaders: fixed function units for transforming vertices & texturing
    pixels.
•   Unified shader architecture provides one large grid of data parallel
    floating points.
•   It gives better utilization compared to the separate one.
E-Learning: Introduction to GPGPU

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E-Learning: Introduction to GPGPU

  • 1. Introduction to GPGPU Ahmadi Nur / 11M51169 [70020] Rural Telecommunications
  • 2. Background • Graphics Processing Unit (GPUs) are special processors were used to accelerate computer graphics. • GPUs were traditional fixed-function graphics pipeline. • GPUs are used in embedded systems, mobile phones, personal computers, workstations, and game consoles. • Today, GPUs are highly parallel many-cores processors which enable general-purpose computation on graphics processing units (GPGPU). • This shift is also driven by the need for high resolution 3D display, high speed complex computation, advances of manufacturing technology, etc.
  • 3. GPU VS CPU •CPU is multicores, GPU is many (hundreds) cores •CPU optimized for low latency, GPU optimized for high throughput •CPU for sequential program, GPU for parallel program •CPU is MIMD oriented, while GPU is SIMD oriented
  • 4. GPGPU • Todays, GPGPU/GPU is widely used in most modern desktop/computer. • NVIDIA and AMD (ATI) is the main player in this business. • Must support high-level language programming. • Used in broad range of applications such as oil & gas, finance, medical, biophysics, numeric, etc. • TSUBAME 2.0 (the 5th fastest supercomputer) uses GPU Fermi architecture (has peak 2,228 Tflops)
  • 5. Traditional GPU • Vertex : a special kind of point that describes the corners or intersections of geometric shapes • Primitive: the basic/fundamental shape (triangle) which is derived from the more complex geometric shapes. • Fragment: the data necessary to generate a single pixel's worth of a drawing primitive in the frame buffer. • Pixel: a single point in a raster image or the smallest addressable screen element in a device display Source: Fatahalian, K. & Houston, M. (2008)
  • 6. Process in GPU • Lighting: compute its color based on the lights in the scene. • Camera simulation: map the colored 3D triangle onto virtual camera’s film plane. The output is a stream of triangles in screen coordinates. • Rasterization: determine each visible screen space triangle that overlaps some pixels on the display. Thus, each pixel can be treated independently. • Texturing: add more realism to each colored pixel. • Hidden Surface: Sort all triangles from back to front for each view.
  • 7. Modern GPU • Shaders: fixed function units for transforming vertices & texturing pixels. • Unified shader architecture provides one large grid of data parallel floating points. • It gives better utilization compared to the separate one.