1. AASSPPEECCTTSS OOFF OOIILL RREEFFIINNIINNGG
08/02/2005
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EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTTAALL
EEnnvviirroonnmmeenntt DDiivviissiioonn
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2. 08/02/2005
Specific EEmmiissssiioonn & CCoonnssuummppttiioonn
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RReeffiinneerriieess mmaannaaggee
hhuuggee aammoouunnttss ooff
rraaww mmaatteerriiaall &&
pprroodduuccttss
IInntteennssiivvee
ccoonnssuummeerrss ooff
eenneerrggyy && wwaatteerr
MMoorree tthhaann 9900
ssppeecciiffiicc
ccoommppoouunnddss
iiddeennttiiffiieedd iinn
eemmiissssiioonnss
VVaalluueess rreeppoorrtteedd iinn
EECC ddooccuummeenntt
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3. 08/02/2005
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EEnnvviirroonnmmeennttaall IImmppaaccttss
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Land
Farm
Cooli
ng
Tower
s
Transfer
Racks
Marine
Vessel
Loading
Tank Farm
Wastewat
er
Treatment
Process
Equipment
Area
Nearest
Residences
Storm
Landfill Water
Land
Farm
Administr
ative
Offices
Plant’s Property
Boundary Line
Parking
Area
River
Receptor characteristics
Risk based approach
Local climate
Background
concentrations
9. Atmospheric
Emissions S2
Possible Abatement
Technique
Furnaces,
Boilers,
Turbines
FCC, etc.
Other units
producing H2S Sulphur
Sulphur Inert
form S3
08/02/2005
Global Sulphur BBaallaannccee IInn AA RReeffiinneerryy
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Energy Production
outside refinery
Raw materials
(crude, etc.) S Oil Refinery
Atmospheric
Emissions S1
Products
With
specification
Without
specification
Atmospheric
Emission Outside
Refinery S5
Inert Sulphur
in Products S6
Potential Atmospheric
Emissions Outside
Refinery S7
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Recovery Unit
Atmospheric
Emissions S4
S= S1+S2+S3+
S4+S5+S6+S7+S8+S9
Effluent S8
Waste S9
10. 08/02/2005
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FFuueell MMaannaaggeemmeenntt
Constraints
•Refinery configuration and
crudes processed
•Complexity and degree of
process and energy integration
•Fuel requirement in relation to
quantity and quality of fuel
available
•Environmental restrictions
•Operational flexibility or
limitations
•Climatic or local conditions
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11. 08/02/2005
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WWaatteerr MMaannaaggeemmeenntt AAssppeeccttss
From FCCU
From DCU
Deaerator Boiler
To Desalter
Cooling Tower MU
Boiler BD
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Evap.
CTBD
Drift
Process & Misc.
Desalter
Lost
Consumed
Crude Ovd.
SWS
Cont. Cond.
Water Treatment
Regeneration
WWTP
Make
Up
Refinery Water Balance
MU
Process
Cooling
Steam
Condensate
WWTP
Strongly related to
refinery configuration
Water availability
Environmental
restrictions on
disposal
Recycle/reuse
opportunities
18. 08/02/2005
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DDeellaayyeedd CCookkiinngg UUnniitt
HHeeaatteerr ssttaacckk ggaass
PPaarrttiiccuullaattee eemmiissssiioonnss
ffrroomm ddeeccookkiinngg ddrruumm
CCookkee llaaddeenn wwaatteerr ffrroomm
ddeeccookkiinngg ooppeerraattiioonnss
SSoouurr wwaatteerr ffrroomm
ffrraaccttiioonnaattoorrss
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19. 08/02/2005
HHeeaatteerr ssttaacckk ggaass
SSoouurr wwaatteerr ffrroomm ffrraaccttiioonnaattoorr aanndd hhyyddrrooggeenn sseeppaarraattoorr
SSppeenntt ccaattaallyysstt
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HHyyddrrooccrraacckkiinngg
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20. 08/02/2005
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CCaattaallyyttiicc RReeffoorrmmiinngg
CCaattaallyysstt RReeggeenneerraattiioonn
FFuuggiittiivvee eemmiissssiioonnss
PPrroocceessss wwaasstteewwaatteerr ffrroomm
ssttrriippppeerr
SSppeenntt CCaattaallyysstt
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21. HHeeaatteerr ssttaacckk ggaass
FFuuggiittiivvee eemmiissssiioonn
SSoouurr wwaasstteewwaatteerr ffrroomm ffrraaccttiioonnaattoorr aanndd hhyyddrrooggeenn sseeppaarraattoorr
SSppeenntt ccaattaallyysstt
08/02/2005
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HHyyddrroottrreeaattmmeenntt
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22. 08/02/2005
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SSuullpphhuurr MMaannaaggeemmeenntt
KKeeyy ttoo eennvviirroonnmmeennttaall ppeerrffoorrmmaannccee ooff rreeffiinneerriieess
TTrreeaattmmeenntt ooff ssoouurr ggaasseess aanndd ssoouurr wwaatteerrss
PPrroocceessss ttaaiill ggaass ffrroomm iinncciinneerraattoorr
HHaazzaarrddoouuss AAiirr PPoolllluuttaannttss-- CCOOSS,, CCSS22
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23. SSppeenntt CCaauussttiicc EEfffflluueenntt-- SSuullpphhiiddeess,, MMeerrccaappttaannss,, NNaapphhtthheennaatteess
WWaassttee ddiissuullffiiddee ooiill
08/02/2005
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MMeerrooxx TTrreeaattmmeenntt
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24. 08/02/2005
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CCrruuddee && PPrroodduucctt SSttoorraaggee
HHyyddrrooccaarrbboonn eemmiissssiioonnss
DDrraaiinnss ttoo wwaasstteewwaatteerr-- OOiill,, SSoolliiddss
BBoottttoomm SSlluuddggee-- HHaazzaarrddoouuss
SSppiillll aanndd lleeaakkaaggee
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25. WWaasstteewwaatteerr TTrreeaattmmeenntt && WWaassttee MMaannaaggeemmeenntt
08/02/2005
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WWaasstteewwaatteerr TTrreeaattmmeenntt
SSlluuddggee-- ooiillyy,, cchheemmiiccaall aanndd bbiioollooggiiccaall
HHyyddrrooccaarrbboonn eemmiissssiioonnss
WWaassttee MMaannaaggeemmeenntt
IInncciinneerraattoorr eemmiissssiioonnss
HHyyddrrooccaarrbboonn eemmiissssiioonnss
CCoonnttaammiinnaanntt mmiiggrraattiioonn
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26. 08/02/2005
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AAIIRR PPOOLLLLUUTTIIOONN
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27. 08/02/2005
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AAIIRR PPOOLLLLUUTTIIOONN SSTTUUDDIIEESS
USING
COMPUTATIONAL
FLUID DYNAMIC
MODELING
TECHNIQUES
• fluidyn-
PANACHE
(Transoft Int.)
• Fluent 6.0 (EIL)
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28. 08/02/2005
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CCFFDD MMOODDEELLLLIINNGG
-- ZZoooommeedd vviieeww ooff aa 33--ddiimmeennssiioonnaall BBFFCC MMeesshh
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29. 08/02/2005
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CCFFDD MMOODDEELLLLIINNGG
-- ZZoooommeedd vviieeww ooff aa 33--ddiimmeennssiioonnaall BBFFCC MMeesshh
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30. 08/02/2005
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CCFFDD MMOODDEELLLLIINNGG
-- VVeelloocciittyy VVeeccttoorrss
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31. 08/02/2005
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CCFFDD MMOODDEELLLLIINNGG
-- ZZoooommeedd VViieeww ooff VVeelloocciittyy VVeeccttoorrss
Engineers India Ltd – Delivering excellence through people
32. 08/02/2005
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CCFFDD MMOODDEELLLLIINNGG
CCoonncceennttrraattiioonn ccoonnttoouurrss ooff SS0022 iinn tthhee vveerrttiiccaall ddiirreeccttiioonn
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33. 08/02/2005
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CCAAUUSSEE
RREECCIIRRCCUULLAATTIIOONN PPAATTTTEERRNN
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34. 08/02/2005
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CCAAUUSSEE
110055 MM AANNDD 11000000 MM MMIIXXIINNGG HHTT
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35. 08/02/2005
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GGRROOUUNNDD WWAATTEERR
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37. 08/02/2005
• Regulatory Compliance
• Health and safety of life and property
• Environmental Protection
• Liability (Polluter Pays Principle)
• Get to know the extent of contamination
• Proactive steps for monitoring/containment
• Public Relations/Image issues
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NNeeeedd ffoorr mmoonniittoorriinngg
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49. 08/02/2005
MINIMAL NATIONAL STANDARDS (MINAS)
Maximum Permissible
Quantum In Kg/1000 T of
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FOR OIL REFINERIES
Parameter
Maximum
Permissible
Concentration
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Crude Processed *
pH RANGE 6.0 – 8.5
OIL GREASE 10 mg/l 7.0
SUSPENDED
SOLIDS 20 mg/l 14.0
BOD 15 mg/l 10.5
SULPHIDES 0.5 mg/l 0.35
PHENOLS 1.0 mg/l 0.7
* Based on Waste Water generation of 700 m3/1000T of crude processed
51. 08/02/2005
SOURCES OF WASTE WATER GENERATION
IN REFINERIES (Contd.)
UUTTIILLIITTIIEESS GGEENNEERRAATTIIOONN AARREEAA
¨ BBooiilleerr bbllooww ddoowwnn ((BBBBDD))
¨ CCoooolliinngg ttoowweerr bbllooww ddoowwnn ((CCTTBBDD))
¨ RReeggeenneerraattiioonn eefffflluueenntt ffrroomm DDMM ppllaanntt
PPRROODDUUCCTTSS SSTTOORRAAGGEE // LLOOAADDIINNGG GGAANNTTRRYY AARREEAA
¨ TTaannkk bboottttoomm ddrraaiinnss
¨ FFlloooorr wwaasshh ffrroomm llooaaddiinngg ggaannttrryy
¨ CCoonnttaammiinnaatteedd rraaiinn wwaatteerr ffrroomm ttaannkk ffaarrmm // llooaaddiinngg
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ggaannttrryy
PPLLAANNTT // AADDMMIINNIISSTTRRAATTIIVVEE AARREEAA
¨ SSaanniittaarryy// ccaanntteeeenn eefffflluueenntt
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52. 08/02/2005
TYPICAL CONTAMINANTS / POLLUTANTS IN
AQUEOUS EFFLUENTS FROM REFINERIES
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· CRUDE / PRODUCT TANKS
BOTTOM DRAINS
· DESALTER EFFLUENT
· PUMP GLAND / BEARING COOLING
WATER
· EQUIPMENT DRIPS / DRAINS
· SAMPLING DRAINS
· FLOOR WASH /
CONTAMINATED RAIN WATER
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Oil Grease
Associated BOD,
COD
Suspended Solids
Traces of Sulphides,
Phenols etc
53. 08/02/2005
TYPICAL CONTAMINANTS/ POLLUTANTS IN
AQUEOUS EFFLUENTS FROM REFINERIES
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SOUR
CONDENSATES
Oil Grease, Sulphides, Phenols,
Cyanide, NH3-N, BOD, COD
SPENT CAUSTIC/
MEROX WASTE
Sulphides, Phenols, Mercaptans,
Cyanides, BOD, COD
REGENERATION
EFFLUENT FROM
HCU
NaHSO3, NaHCO3, Na2SO3, COD
BOILER BLOW
DOWN
Clean stream does not require
treatment
COOLING TOWER
BLOW DOWN Oil Grease, Suspended Solids
REGENERATION
WASTE FROM DM
PLANT
Self neutralized clean stream with
high TDS
SANITARY/
CANTEEN EFFLUENT Suspended Solids, BOD, COD
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54. 08/02/2005
PARAMETER TYPICAL RANGE
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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
COMPOSITE REFINERY WASTEWATER
Free Oil 2000 – 3000 mg/l
Emulsified Oil 80 – 120 mg/l
Sulphides (as H2S) 10 – 220 mg/l
Phenolic Compounds (as C6H5OH) 12 – 30 mg/l
BOD5 100 – 300 mg/l
Suspended Solids 200 – 400 mg/l
Chromate (as CrO4) and Zinc (as Zn),
Phosphate (as PO4) from cooling water
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5 – 20 mg/l
pH 6.5 to 9.0
Cyanides and ammonia may be present in the
wastewater from refineries where cracking process is
present
62. SLUDGE
08/02/2005
SIMPLIFIED EFFLUENT TREATMENT SCHEME
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EQUAL.
SLOP OIL
TPI DAF
API
BIOTOWER EXT. AERATION
CLARIFIER
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FILTRATION ADSORPTION
THICKNER CENTRIFUGE
SCREEN
GRIT CHAMBER
63. 08/02/2005
Slide Number - 63 of 42
Thank
You
www.engineersindia.com
Engineers India Ltd – Delivering excellence through people
Notes de l'éditeur
Spent Caustic can play havoc if not handled properly. Due to the high COD content, it exerts high oxygen demand. It generates a lot of obnoxious smell due to the presence of mercaptans.
The Minimal National Standards for Refinery (1981-82) calls for Sulphides to be reduced to 0.5 ppm and Phenol to be reduced to n1.0 ppm.
We have given herein certain characteristics Spent Caustic Effluent. Let me mention that the variation of the constituents and their concentration is very large. However the point to be noted is that it is very toxic due to extreme alkalinity, high COD, high concentration of Sulfides and Phenols and p[presence of so many dissolved solids.