1. Human Population
Explosion in India
-Asim GM

2. Introduction
 Is population explosion a boon or a
curse? For the European developed
countries like Spain and Italy, where
the population is decreasing, this
might be considered as a boon.
However, for the developing
countries like India, population
explosion is a curse and is damaging
to the development of the country
and it’s society.

3. Meaning
 The literal meaning of population is “the
whole number of people or inhabitants
in a country or region”.
 The literal meaning of population
explosion is “a pyramiding of numbers
of a biological population”.
 In simple words, it could be defined as
increase in birth rates and decrease in
death rates.

4. Formula
 Population
change = (Births +
Immigration) – (Deaths + Emigration).
 Migration is the number of people
moving in (immigration) or out
(emigration) of a country, place or
locality.

5. Population growth in India
 According to 2001 census India's total
population has crossed 1,027,015,247,
out of which 531,277,078 are males and
females are 495,738,169.
 Of this number, 157,863,145 are
children up to the age of six years out
of which 81,911,041 are males and
75,952,104 are females.
 As per census 2001 the sex-ratio has
gone up from 927 in 1991 to 933 in
2001.

6. Table
 Males  531,277,078.
 Females  495,738,169.
 157,863,145
 Children(upto the
(81,911,041 are
age of 6yrs)
males and
75,952,104 are
females)

7. Projected population of india upto
year 2011

8. Reasons for the population
 The increase in birth rates due to medical
improvements
 The decrease in death rates due to better
medical facilities and advancements in the
field of medicine.
 Immigration to better developed countries
due to several reasons like better job
opportunities, war, and natural causes like
hurricanes, earthquakes, and so on.

9. REASONS FOR INCREASE IN
POPULATION IN INDIA
Birth rate
1. Poverty
2. Religious beliefs, Traditions and Cultural Norms.
Death rates
1. Advanced medical treatments.
Migration
 Migration plays an important role in the population
increase. However, in countries like India, migration
plays a big role in the population change.

10. Environment and human health
consequences:
Environmental and ecological consequences :
 Severe pressure on the forests due to both the
rate of resource use and the nature of use.
 Tropical deforestation and destruction of
mangroves for commercial needs and fuel wood.
The country’s mangrove areas have reduced from
7,00,000 ha to 4,53,000 ha in the last 50 years.
 Intense grazing by domestic livestock
 illegal harvesting of wildlife
 Over fishing in water bodies and introduction of
weeds and exotic species.

11. Urbanization
 The proportion of people in developing
countries who live in cities has almost
doubled since 1960 (from less than 22% to
more than 40%), while in more developed
regions the urban share has grown from
61% to 76%.
Rural population and their development:
 Over 70% of India’s population still lives in
rural areas. There are substantial
differences between the states in the
proportion of rural and urban population
(varying from almost 90% in Assam and
Bihar to 61% in Maharashtra 54%).

12. EFFECTS OF POPULATION EXPLOSION:
The current rate of population growth in India is 1.58% and
the total fertility rate is 3.11
1. AIR POLLUTION:
 The technological development of India has lead not only
to medical advancements, but also to an increase in the
number of factories. That has lead to air and water
pollution.
 According to an article published in the Times of India on
March 25th, 2000, “…increasing air pollution level in the
year 1999, caused 3,650 untimely deaths and about
1,545,000 persons had been reportedly suffering with air
(polluted) borne diseases.”

13. 2. Water Pollution:
 Nowadays water pollution is also one of the
increasing problems due to the population
explosion.
Major Pollutants are:
 Petroleum products
 Pesticides and herbicides
 Hazardous wastes
 Excessive organic matters like fertilizers.
 Thermal pollution caused by deforestation.

14. 3. Unemployment and Illiteracy:
 Unemployment, or underemployment,
further leads to poverty. This again starts
the vicious cycle of poverty and population
explosion discussed above. Poverty leads
to an increase in the population, because
poverty leads people to produce more
children to increase the earning members
of the family. This increases the
population size of India, which further
increases the unemployment rate and lack
of educational facilities leading to poverty
that started this whole cycle.

15. Food Resources
 Resources are always limited. And in a
developing and highly populous country like
India, resources are even scarcer. Population
explosion results in the shortage of even the
most basic resources like food. According to an
article by World Bank Group, “…more than half of
all children under the age of four are
malnourished, 30 percent of newborns are
significantly underweight, and 60 percent of
women are anemic.”

16. AVAILABLE MEASURES TO CONTROL
POPULATION
 Family planning and welfare methods:
1. Vasectomy
2. Tubectomy
3. Conventional contraceptives(that is
condoms, diaphragms, jelly/cream tubes,
foam tables) and oral pills.
Success of the family planning program in
India depends on several factors like
literacy, religion and the region where the
couple live.

18. Meaning
 Expanded as Human Immune Deficiency
Virus / Acquired Immuno Deficiency
Syndrome.
 Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
(AIDS) is an infectious disease caused by
the Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

19. Historical background
 In Africa between 1884 and 1924
 HIV probably enters Haiti around 1966.
 First identified in USA in 1981.
 Second it was found in Tanzania, and then
over 25 people were infected thereafter.

20. Impacts of HIV
Estimates Range
People living with 33.3 million 31.4-35.3 millio
HIV/AIDS in 2009
Adults living with 30.8 million 29.2-32.6 million
HIV/AIDS in 2009
Women living with 15.9 million 14.8-17.2 million
HIV/AIDS in 2009
Children living with 2.5 million 1.6-3.4 million
HIV/AIDS in 2009
People newly infected with 2.6 million 2.3-2.8 million
HIV in 2009
Adults newly infected with 2.2 million 2.0-2.4 millio
HIV in 2009
AIDS deaths in 2009 1.8 million 1.6-2.1 million
Orphans (0-17) due to 16.6 million 14.4-18.8 million
AIDS in 2009

21. Symptoms
 It comes in three stages: Acute infection,
chronic infection, and AIDS.
Other symptoms are:
 A blotchy red rash, usually on the upper torso,
that does not itch.
 Headache
 Aching muscles
 Sore throat
 Swollen lymph glands
 Diarrhea
 Nausea
 Vomiting

22. Causes
A person can be infected when he comes
into contact with the following:
 Blood transfusion
 Child birth
 Needle-sharing
 Percutaneous needle stick
 Receptive anal intercourse
 Receptive penile-vaginal intercourse
 The majority of HIV infections are acquired
through unprotected sexual relations.
 It takes 8-11 years in the diagnosis of this
virus.

23. Control/prevention
 AIDS and sex education
 Gay men awareness programs
 Needle exchange programs
 Relevant tests relating blood before
transfusion
 Use of condoms (male and female)
 Circumcision.

24. Treatment & Care
 Antiretrovirals
 ARVs
 ANTI-HIV or ANTI-AIDS drugs
 Combination therapy.
Although there are drugs present nowadays
but There is currently no publicly
available vaccine or cure for HIV or AIDS.

25. Conclusion
 Human population explosion is a problem
which India is facing nowadays, which leads
to several others problems like illiteracy,
pollutions- air and water.
 Several measures and programs are run by
governmental and Non-governmental
organizations to stop or to control this
problem.
 Human population is in itself a problem but it
can lead to deadly diseases like HIV/AIDS.

26. Thank you