Coronaviruses are common viruses that usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses. They derive their name from crown-like spikes on their surface and are named for these spikes. While most coronaviruses only infect animals, some like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are zoonotic and can infect both animals and people. SARS-CoV caused a worldwide outbreak in 2002-2003 with over 8,000 cases. MERS-CoV was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and has caused illness in hundreds across several countries but remains concentrated in the Arabian Peninsula. Coronaviruses are transmitted through respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing or close contact with infected individuals.

3. How do we encounter with
Coronavirus outbreaks?
what should we know

4.  Are common Viruses.
 Most people get them sometime in their life.
 Usually cause mild-moderate URT illness.
 Are named for the crown-like spikes on their surface.
 Are 4 main subgroups: alpha, beta, gamma and delta.
 Were first identified in the mid 1960s.
 Can infect people: alpha(229E, NL63),beta(OC43,
HKU1), SARS-CoV & MERS-CoV.
What Are Coronaviruses?
4Dr. Kaveh Haratian, Alborz University of Medical Sciences

5. Dr. Kaveh Haratian, Alborz University of Medical Sciences 5
Coronavirus particle

6. Dr. Kaveh Haratian, Alborz University of Medical Sciences 6
Coronavirus particle

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8.  (Others) can usually infects one animal/closely
related species, but not people.
 SARS-CoV can infect both: monkeys, civets, raccoon
dogs, cats and rodents.
 MERS-Cov also has been found in animals: camels &
bats.
What Are Coronaviruses?(cont.)
8Dr. Kaveh Haratian, Alborz University of Medical Sciences

9. Dr. Kaveh Haratian, Alborz University of Medical Sciences 9
Civet cat & Raccoon dogs

10.  People commonly infects with:
 229E
 NL63
 OC43
 HKU1
How common are hCoV infections?
10Dr. Kaveh Haratian, Alborz University of Medical Sciences

11.  SARS-CoV:
 First recognized in China (Nov, 2002)
 Caused worldwide outbreak:
 8098 cases
 774 death up to end of 2003
 No new reported cases since 2004 up to now
How common are…(cont.)
11Dr. Kaveh Haratian, Alborz University of Medical Sciences

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13.  MERS-CoV:
 First reported in Saudi Arabia (2012).
 Caused illness in hundreds of people from several
countries.
 All cases are in/near Arabian peninsula.
How common are…(cont.)
13Dr. Kaveh Haratian, Alborz University of Medical Sciences

14.  Most people will get infected with one/more hCoV in
their lifetime.
 People can have multiple infections in their lifetime.
 Young children are most likely to get infected.
Who can get infected?
14Dr. Kaveh Haratian, Alborz University of Medical Sciences

15.  In fact, ways of virus transmission have not been still
studied very much:
 The air: coughing and sneezing
 Close personal contact:
 Touching and shaking hands
 Touching contaminated objects/surfaces, then touching
mouth, nose or eyes
How do we get infected?
15Dr. Kaveh Haratian, Alborz University of Medical Sciences

16.  Any time of the year.
 But specially in:
 Fall and Winter
When can we get infected?
16Dr. Kaveh Haratian, Alborz University of Medical Sciences

17.  Mild-moderate URT illness with short duration.
 Runny nose
 Cough
 Sore throat
 Fever
 Sometimes LRT illness: pneumonia in:
 Cardiopulmonary disease
 Compromised immune system
 elderly
What are the symptoms?
17Dr. Kaveh Haratian, Alborz University of Medical Sciences

18.  No Vaccine Available!
 Reducing risk of infection by:
 Washing hands frequently with water & soap
 Not touching eyes, nose & mouth
 Avoiding close contact with sick people
How can I protect myself?
18Dr. Kaveh Haratian, Alborz University of Medical Sciences

19.  Should stay at home.
 Avoid close contact.
 Cover my mouth & nose.
 Keep objects/ surfaces clean & disinfected.
 Drink plenty of liquids.
I am sick! So…
19Dr. Kaveh Haratian, Alborz University of Medical Sciences

20.  Laboratory tests are needed to confirm.
 Limited to a few specialized labs:
 Virus isolation in cell culture.
 PCR(more practical & available commercially).
 Serological testing for antibodies to hCoVs.
Diagnosis
20Dr. Kaveh Haratian, Alborz University of Medical Sciences

21.  No specific treatment available.
 Taking pain & fever medications(no Aspirin to
children).
 Using a humidifier/taking a hot shower to help ease
sore throat & cough.
 Drink plenty of water.
 Stay home & rest.
Treatment
21Dr. Kaveh Haratian, Alborz University of Medical Sciences

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23. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
Coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
Dr. Kaveh Haratian
Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine
Alborz University of Medical Sciences

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25. Background
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26. Background
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27. Signs and Symptoms of MERS
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29.  Recent travelers from the Arabian Peninsula.
 Close contact of such a person.
 People recently in a healthcare facility in the republic
of Korea.
 Close contacts of a confirmed case of MERS.
 Healthcare personnel not using recommended
infection control precautions.
 People with exposure to camels(milk, meat, urine…)
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People at increased risk for MERS

30. CDC Criteria for Suspect Cases
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31. Location of Cases
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32. Geographical distribution of confirmed
MERS-CoV cases, worldwide, as of 23
April 2014(n=345)
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33. Other countries Reporting cases
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34. Morbidity and Mortality
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35. Distribution of confirmed cases of MERS-
CoV by month of onset and symptom
status (n=345)
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36. Distribution of confirmed cases of MERS-
CoV reported by date and place
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37. Ongoing Concerns
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38. CDC Guideline
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39. Quick Factoids
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41. What are we doing?
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42. Screening
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43. Reference Articles
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