Business studies Revision | Mindmaps
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Business studies is an academic subject taught in schools and at a university level in many countries. Its study combines elements of accountancy, finance, marketing, organizational studies and operations.
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Recommandé
Basic of business and commerce
Basic of business and commerce
Business: The term business has been taken from word busyness which means being busy. It refers to organized efforts of an enterprise to produce and supply consumers with goods and services for a profit.
It refers to any human productive and economic activity which lead to earning profit.
Business Activity = Production + Distribution of goods and services for earning profit.
Production refers to producing/manufacturing/converting raw material into semi-finished & finished products. Mainly this activity takes place in industry/factory.
Distribution= Refers to the placement or delivery of products to customers/ consumers.
Lec 25 Revision of Market Structures
Summary of Market Structures
Market structure is the interconnected characteristics of a market, such as the number and relative strength of buyers and sellers, degree of freedom in determining the price, level and forms of competition, the extent of product differentiation and ease of entry into and exit from the market
Lec 23 Monopolistic Competition
Monopolistic Competition
Definition: Monopolistic competition is the market structure where a large number of firms that produce differentiated products which are close substitutes for each other.
In other words, large sellers selling the products that are similar, but not identical and compete with each other on other factors besides price
The monopolistic competition combines elements of both monopoly and competition. Since each firm sells a differentiated product, it has some control over the price at which it sells its output.
Lec 22 Monopoly Competition
Monopoly Competition
Monopoly (from the greek “mónos”, single, and “polein”, to sell) is a form of the market structure of imperfect competition, mainly characterized by the existence of a sole seller and many buyers. This kind of market is normally associated with the entry and exit barriers.
In economics, a monopoly refers to a firm which has a product without any substitute in the market. Therefore, for all practical purposes, it is a single-firm industry.
A monopoly is a firm that supplies all of the output in a market.
Lec 21 Perfect Competition
Perfect Competition
Market structure is the interconnected characteristics of a market, such as the number and relative strength of buyers and sellers, degree of freedom in determining the price, level and forms of competition, extent of product differentiation and ease of entry into and exit from the market
Lec 20 Market & Market Structure
Market & Market Structure
“Market is an area or atmosphere of potential exchange”
~Philip Kotler
“Market is not a geographical meeting place but as any getting together of buyers and sellers, in person, by mail, telephone, telegraph and Internet or any other means of communication”
~ Prof. Mitchel
Lec 19 Input of Elasticity in Decision Making
The input of Elasticity in Decision Making
The concept of price elasticity of demand has important practical applications in managerial decision-making.
Uses of price elasticity can be pointed out as below:
Price fixation
Price discrimination
Public utility pricing etc....
Lec 18 Elasticity of Supply
Elasticity of Supply
The elasticity of supply can be defined as “the degree (measure) of responsiveness in quantity supplied to a change in price”.
It is also defined as the percentage change in quantity supplied divided by percentage change in price.
It represents the rate of change in quantity supplied due to a change in its own price.
Elasticity of supply can be defined as “the degree (measure) of responsiveness in quantity supplied to a change in price”.
It is also defined as the percentage change in quantity supplied divided by percentage change in price.
It represents the rate of change in quantity supplied due to a change in it’s own price.
Recommandé
Basic of business and commerce
Basic of business and commerce
Business: The term business has been taken from word busyness which means being busy. It refers to organized efforts of an enterprise to produce and supply consumers with goods and services for a profit.
It refers to any human productive and economic activity which lead to earning profit.
Business Activity = Production + Distribution of goods and services for earning profit.
Production refers to producing/manufacturing/converting raw material into semi-finished & finished products. Mainly this activity takes place in industry/factory.
Distribution= Refers to the placement or delivery of products to customers/ consumers.
Lec 25 Revision of Market Structures
Summary of Market Structures
Market structure is the interconnected characteristics of a market, such as the number and relative strength of buyers and sellers, degree of freedom in determining the price, level and forms of competition, the extent of product differentiation and ease of entry into and exit from the market
Lec 23 Monopolistic Competition
Monopolistic Competition
Definition: Monopolistic competition is the market structure where a large number of firms that produce differentiated products which are close substitutes for each other.
In other words, large sellers selling the products that are similar, but not identical and compete with each other on other factors besides price
The monopolistic competition combines elements of both monopoly and competition. Since each firm sells a differentiated product, it has some control over the price at which it sells its output.
Lec 22 Monopoly Competition
Monopoly Competition
Monopoly (from the greek “mónos”, single, and “polein”, to sell) is a form of the market structure of imperfect competition, mainly characterized by the existence of a sole seller and many buyers. This kind of market is normally associated with the entry and exit barriers.
In economics, a monopoly refers to a firm which has a product without any substitute in the market. Therefore, for all practical purposes, it is a single-firm industry.
A monopoly is a firm that supplies all of the output in a market.
Lec 21 Perfect Competition
Perfect Competition
Market structure is the interconnected characteristics of a market, such as the number and relative strength of buyers and sellers, degree of freedom in determining the price, level and forms of competition, extent of product differentiation and ease of entry into and exit from the market
Lec 20 Market & Market Structure
Market & Market Structure
“Market is an area or atmosphere of potential exchange”
~Philip Kotler
“Market is not a geographical meeting place but as any getting together of buyers and sellers, in person, by mail, telephone, telegraph and Internet or any other means of communication”
~ Prof. Mitchel
Lec 19 Input of Elasticity in Decision Making
The input of Elasticity in Decision Making
The concept of price elasticity of demand has important practical applications in managerial decision-making.
Uses of price elasticity can be pointed out as below:
Price fixation
Price discrimination
Public utility pricing etc....
Lec 18 Elasticity of Supply
Elasticity of Supply
The elasticity of supply can be defined as “the degree (measure) of responsiveness in quantity supplied to a change in price”.
It is also defined as the percentage change in quantity supplied divided by percentage change in price.
It represents the rate of change in quantity supplied due to a change in its own price.
Elasticity of supply can be defined as “the degree (measure) of responsiveness in quantity supplied to a change in price”.
It is also defined as the percentage change in quantity supplied divided by percentage change in price.
It represents the rate of change in quantity supplied due to a change in it’s own price.
Lec 17 Cross Price Elasticity of Demand
Cross Price Elasticity of Demand
The cross elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded a good to a change in the price of another good.
If the cross elasticity is negative, the commodities are compliments.
If the cross elasticity is positive, the commodities are said to be substitutes.
Lec 16 Income Elasticity of Demand
Income Elasticity of Demand
Income is an important variable affecting the demand for a good.
When there is a change in the level of income of a consumer, there is a change in the quantity demanded of a good, other factors remaining the same.
Lec 15 Elasticity of Demand
Elasticity of Demand
Law of demand explains the directions of changes in demand. A fall in price leads to an increase in quantity demanded and vice versa.
But it does not tell us the rate at which demand changes to change in price.
The concept of elasticity of demand was introduced by Marshall.
This concept explains the relationship between a change in price and the consequent change in quantity demanded.
Nutshell, it shows the rate at which changes in demand take place.
Lec 14 Market Equilibrium
Market Equilibrium
Equilibrium is a situation in which opposing forces balance each other. Equilibrium in a market occurs when the price balances the plans of buyers and sellers.
The equilibrium price is the price at which the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied.
The equilibrium quantity is the quantity bought and sold at the equilibrium price.
Price regulates buying and selling plans.
Price adjusts when plans don’t match.
Lec 13 Supply and its concept
Supply and its concept
If a firm supplies a good or service, then the firm
1. Has the resources and the technology to produce it,
2. Can profit from producing it, and
3. Has made a definite plan to produce and sell it.
Resources and technology determine what it is possible to produce. Supply reflects a decision about which technologically feasible items to produce.
The quantity supplied of a good or service is the amount that producers plan to sell during a given time period at a particular price.
Lec 12 Determinants of demand
Determinants of demand
The demand for a product is influenced by a number of factors. Determinants of demand (also called factors affecting demand) are the factors which cause the demand curve to shift.
Lec 11 Exceptions to the Law of Demand
Exceptions to the Law of Demand
A normal demand curve falls downward from left to right. The basic feature of the demand curve is negative sloping
But sometimes the demand curve may slope upward from left to right. In other words, it may have a positively inclined curve.
These phenomena may due to:
Giffen paradox
Veblen or Demonstration effect.
Ignorance.
Speculative Effect.
Fear of Shortage.
Necessaries
Brand Loyalty
Festival, Marriage etc.
Lec 10 Slope of the demand curve
The slope of the demand curve
The demand curve generally slopes downward from left to right.
It has a negative slope because of the two important variables price and quantity work in the opposite direction.
The fundamental reasons for the demand curve to slope downward are as follows:
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Law of Equi-Marginal Utility
Income Effect
Substitution Effect
Lec 09 Demand and its meaning
Demand
In economics “Demand” means the quantity of goods and services which a person can purchase with a requisite amount of money.
“Demand means the various quantities of goods that would be purchased per time period at different prices in a given market.
Lec 08 Islamic Economic System
Islamic Economic System
Islam is a complete code of life. It is not only concerned with the spiritual upliftment of human beings, it is equally concerned about their material and physical well-being. Islam guides its followers in financial and economic matters, in social and political affairs, and also in moral and personal spheres of human life.
"Whatever is in the heavens and the earth belongs to Allah." (2:284)
Allah is the owner of the whole universe. It is in this capacity that He has allowed us to own the blessings of this world by saying,
"He has created for you whatever that is in the earth."(2:29)
However, Islam also wants to prevent the excessive accumulation of wealth in the hands of a few people so the society may not fall into two classes: one is overstuffing, while the other is starving.
The Qur'an justifies the concept of tax by saying:
"...so that (the wealth) may not become a monopoly of the rich among you." (59:7)
Islam has prohibited
Usury (Riba), Interest
Hoarding
Speculation
Insurance
Overtrading
Sale without possession (Calf in the womb, Fishes in Ponds etc.)
Securing profits by exploiting the immoral desires of people etc.
Lec 07 Socialism | Mixed Economy
Socialism:
Collective ownership and democratic control of the material means of production by the workers and the people
Socialism is a term applied to an economic system in which property is held in common and not individually, and relationships are governed by a political hierarchy. Common ownership doesn't mean decisions are made collectively, however. Instead, individuals in positions of authority make decisions in the name of the collective group.
Socialists argue that socialism would allow for wealth to be distributed based on how much one contributes to society, as opposed to how much capital one holds.
Mixed Economy
Any economy in which private corporate enterprises and public sector enterprises exist side-by-side, and decisions taken through market mechanism are supplemented by some form of partial planning, is to be described as a mixed economy.
This system overcomes the disadvantages of both the market and planned economic systems.
Provides a clear demarcation of the boundaries of the public sector and private sector so that the core sector and strategic sectors are invariably in the public sector.
The government intervenes to prevent undue concentration of economic power and monopolistic and restrictive trade practices
The rights of the individual are respected and protected subject only to the requirements of public law and order and morality
Lec 06 Economics systems Capitalism
Economics systems: Capitalism
Economics - Economics is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution and consumption of goods & services.
Economic System is the system of production, distribution and consumption
An economic system is a mechanism (also defined as system or social institution) which deals with the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services in a particular society.
The economic system is composed of people, institutions and their relationships. It addresses the problems of economics like the allocation of the resources.
Economic System: An organized way in which a state or nation allocates its resources and distributes goods and services in the national community.
Lec 05 Economic Growth
Economic Growth
The expansion of production possibilities—and an increase in the standard of living—is called economic growth.
Two key factors influence economic growth:
Technological change
Capital accumulation
Technological change is the development of new goods and of better ways of producing goods and services.
Capital accumulation is the growth of capital resources, which includes human capital.
Lec 24 Oligopoly and its concept
Oligopoly
The word Oligopoly is taken from Greek oligos "little, small," in plural, "the few" + pōlein "to sell”.
Definition: An oligopoly is an industry dominated by a few large firms. For example, an industry with a five-firm concentration ratio of greater than 50% is considered a monopoly.
An oligopoly is a type of market structure where two or more firms have significant market power. Collectively, they have the ability to dictate prices and supply.
A monopoly is one firm, the duopoly is two firms and oligopoly is two or more firms.
Lec 04 Production Possibilities and Opportunity Cost
Production Possibilities and Opportunity Cost
The production possibilities frontier (PPF) is the boundary between those combinations of goods and services that can be produced and those that cannot.
To illustrate the PPF, we focus on two goods at a time and hold the quantities of all other goods and services constant.
That is, we look at a model economy in which everything remains the same (ceteris paribus) except the two goods we’re considering.
Lec 03 Circular Flow of Income
Circular Flow of Income
Our economy is an enormous, constant cycle, with money, products, and energy flowing back and forth
Economists refer to this as the Circular Flow of Economic Activity
Economic Interdependence
Businesses, households, and the government depend on each other in order for the economy to run smoothly.
Lec 02 Scarcity, Basic Economic Questions
What, How, and For Whom?
Goods and services are the objects that people value and produce to satisfy human wants.
What?
What we produce changes over time.
Seventy years ago, almost 25 percent of Americans worked on farms. Today that number is 3 percent.
Seventy years ago, 45 percent of Americans produced services. Today, almost 80 percent of Americans have service jobs.
Lec 01 Introduction to Economics
After studying this chapter you will be able to
Define economics and distinguish between microeconomics and macroeconomics
Explain the two big questions of economics
Explain the key ideas that define the economic way of thinking
Explain how economists go about their work as social scientists
Understanding Our Changing World
You are studying economics at a time of enormous change.
Much of the change is for the better—the information age and all the benefits that it brings.
But some of the change is for the worse—terrorism, natural disasters, and recession that have devastated many of our lives.
Your economics course will help you to understand the powerful forces that are shaping and changing our world.
Definition of Economics
All economic questions arise because we want more than we can get.
Our inability to satisfy all our wants is called scarcity.
Because we face scarcity, we must make choices.
The choices we make depend on the incentives we face.
An incentive is a reward that encourages an action or a penalty that discourages an action.
International Trade Barriers by the learners
Trade is voluntary and non-fraudulent, exchange of goods and services among people and countries.
When a trade occurs between nations or cross-border it is called International Trade.
The Barrier is any hurdle which creates resistance. Or a structure or object that blocks free movement. simply it is Hinderance in the flow of something.
A trade barrier is defined as “any hurdle, obstacle or roadblock that hampers the smooth flow of goods, services, and payments from one destination to another”.
Wto
World Trade Organization (WTO) is the multilateral trading system created with the purpose of supervising and liberalizing international trade.
WTO regulation of trade between member countries.
It is also responsible for enforcing trade laws, agreements and resolving disputes
The WhatsPump Pseudonym Problem and the Hilarious Downfall of Artificial Enga...
The WhatsPump Pseudonym Problem and the Hilarious Downfall of Artificial Engagement
Contenu connexe
Plus de Atta Hussain Syed
Lec 17 Cross Price Elasticity of Demand
Cross Price Elasticity of Demand
The cross elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded a good to a change in the price of another good.
If the cross elasticity is negative, the commodities are compliments.
If the cross elasticity is positive, the commodities are said to be substitutes.
Lec 16 Income Elasticity of Demand
Income Elasticity of Demand
Income is an important variable affecting the demand for a good.
When there is a change in the level of income of a consumer, there is a change in the quantity demanded of a good, other factors remaining the same.
Lec 15 Elasticity of Demand
Elasticity of Demand
Law of demand explains the directions of changes in demand. A fall in price leads to an increase in quantity demanded and vice versa.
But it does not tell us the rate at which demand changes to change in price.
The concept of elasticity of demand was introduced by Marshall.
This concept explains the relationship between a change in price and the consequent change in quantity demanded.
Nutshell, it shows the rate at which changes in demand take place.
Lec 14 Market Equilibrium
Market Equilibrium
Equilibrium is a situation in which opposing forces balance each other. Equilibrium in a market occurs when the price balances the plans of buyers and sellers.
The equilibrium price is the price at which the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied.
The equilibrium quantity is the quantity bought and sold at the equilibrium price.
Price regulates buying and selling plans.
Price adjusts when plans don’t match.
Lec 13 Supply and its concept
Supply and its concept
If a firm supplies a good or service, then the firm
1. Has the resources and the technology to produce it,
2. Can profit from producing it, and
3. Has made a definite plan to produce and sell it.
Resources and technology determine what it is possible to produce. Supply reflects a decision about which technologically feasible items to produce.
The quantity supplied of a good or service is the amount that producers plan to sell during a given time period at a particular price.
Lec 12 Determinants of demand
Determinants of demand
The demand for a product is influenced by a number of factors. Determinants of demand (also called factors affecting demand) are the factors which cause the demand curve to shift.
Lec 11 Exceptions to the Law of Demand
Exceptions to the Law of Demand
A normal demand curve falls downward from left to right. The basic feature of the demand curve is negative sloping
But sometimes the demand curve may slope upward from left to right. In other words, it may have a positively inclined curve.
These phenomena may due to:
Giffen paradox
Veblen or Demonstration effect.
Ignorance.
Speculative Effect.
Fear of Shortage.
Necessaries
Brand Loyalty
Festival, Marriage etc.
Lec 10 Slope of the demand curve
The slope of the demand curve
The demand curve generally slopes downward from left to right.
It has a negative slope because of the two important variables price and quantity work in the opposite direction.
The fundamental reasons for the demand curve to slope downward are as follows:
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Law of Equi-Marginal Utility
Income Effect
Substitution Effect
Lec 09 Demand and its meaning
Demand
In economics “Demand” means the quantity of goods and services which a person can purchase with a requisite amount of money.
“Demand means the various quantities of goods that would be purchased per time period at different prices in a given market.
Lec 08 Islamic Economic System
Islamic Economic System
Islam is a complete code of life. It is not only concerned with the spiritual upliftment of human beings, it is equally concerned about their material and physical well-being. Islam guides its followers in financial and economic matters, in social and political affairs, and also in moral and personal spheres of human life.
"Whatever is in the heavens and the earth belongs to Allah." (2:284)
Allah is the owner of the whole universe. It is in this capacity that He has allowed us to own the blessings of this world by saying,
"He has created for you whatever that is in the earth."(2:29)
However, Islam also wants to prevent the excessive accumulation of wealth in the hands of a few people so the society may not fall into two classes: one is overstuffing, while the other is starving.
The Qur'an justifies the concept of tax by saying:
"...so that (the wealth) may not become a monopoly of the rich among you." (59:7)
Islam has prohibited
Usury (Riba), Interest
Hoarding
Speculation
Insurance
Overtrading
Sale without possession (Calf in the womb, Fishes in Ponds etc.)
Securing profits by exploiting the immoral desires of people etc.
Lec 07 Socialism | Mixed Economy
Socialism:
Collective ownership and democratic control of the material means of production by the workers and the people
Socialism is a term applied to an economic system in which property is held in common and not individually, and relationships are governed by a political hierarchy. Common ownership doesn't mean decisions are made collectively, however. Instead, individuals in positions of authority make decisions in the name of the collective group.
Socialists argue that socialism would allow for wealth to be distributed based on how much one contributes to society, as opposed to how much capital one holds.
Mixed Economy
Any economy in which private corporate enterprises and public sector enterprises exist side-by-side, and decisions taken through market mechanism are supplemented by some form of partial planning, is to be described as a mixed economy.
This system overcomes the disadvantages of both the market and planned economic systems.
Provides a clear demarcation of the boundaries of the public sector and private sector so that the core sector and strategic sectors are invariably in the public sector.
The government intervenes to prevent undue concentration of economic power and monopolistic and restrictive trade practices
The rights of the individual are respected and protected subject only to the requirements of public law and order and morality
Lec 06 Economics systems Capitalism
Economics systems: Capitalism
Economics - Economics is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution and consumption of goods & services.
Economic System is the system of production, distribution and consumption
An economic system is a mechanism (also defined as system or social institution) which deals with the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services in a particular society.
The economic system is composed of people, institutions and their relationships. It addresses the problems of economics like the allocation of the resources.
Economic System: An organized way in which a state or nation allocates its resources and distributes goods and services in the national community.
Lec 05 Economic Growth
Economic Growth
The expansion of production possibilities—and an increase in the standard of living—is called economic growth.
Two key factors influence economic growth:
Technological change
Capital accumulation
Technological change is the development of new goods and of better ways of producing goods and services.
Capital accumulation is the growth of capital resources, which includes human capital.
Lec 24 Oligopoly and its concept
Oligopoly
The word Oligopoly is taken from Greek oligos "little, small," in plural, "the few" + pōlein "to sell”.
Definition: An oligopoly is an industry dominated by a few large firms. For example, an industry with a five-firm concentration ratio of greater than 50% is considered a monopoly.
An oligopoly is a type of market structure where two or more firms have significant market power. Collectively, they have the ability to dictate prices and supply.
A monopoly is one firm, the duopoly is two firms and oligopoly is two or more firms.
Lec 04 Production Possibilities and Opportunity Cost
Production Possibilities and Opportunity Cost
The production possibilities frontier (PPF) is the boundary between those combinations of goods and services that can be produced and those that cannot.
To illustrate the PPF, we focus on two goods at a time and hold the quantities of all other goods and services constant.
That is, we look at a model economy in which everything remains the same (ceteris paribus) except the two goods we’re considering.
Lec 03 Circular Flow of Income
Circular Flow of Income
Our economy is an enormous, constant cycle, with money, products, and energy flowing back and forth
Economists refer to this as the Circular Flow of Economic Activity
Economic Interdependence
Businesses, households, and the government depend on each other in order for the economy to run smoothly.
Lec 02 Scarcity, Basic Economic Questions
What, How, and For Whom?
Goods and services are the objects that people value and produce to satisfy human wants.
What?
What we produce changes over time.
Seventy years ago, almost 25 percent of Americans worked on farms. Today that number is 3 percent.
Seventy years ago, 45 percent of Americans produced services. Today, almost 80 percent of Americans have service jobs.
Lec 01 Introduction to Economics
After studying this chapter you will be able to
Define economics and distinguish between microeconomics and macroeconomics
Explain the two big questions of economics
Explain the key ideas that define the economic way of thinking
Explain how economists go about their work as social scientists
Understanding Our Changing World
You are studying economics at a time of enormous change.
Much of the change is for the better—the information age and all the benefits that it brings.
But some of the change is for the worse—terrorism, natural disasters, and recession that have devastated many of our lives.
Your economics course will help you to understand the powerful forces that are shaping and changing our world.
Definition of Economics
All economic questions arise because we want more than we can get.
Our inability to satisfy all our wants is called scarcity.
Because we face scarcity, we must make choices.
The choices we make depend on the incentives we face.
An incentive is a reward that encourages an action or a penalty that discourages an action.
International Trade Barriers by the learners
Trade is voluntary and non-fraudulent, exchange of goods and services among people and countries.
When a trade occurs between nations or cross-border it is called International Trade.
The Barrier is any hurdle which creates resistance. Or a structure or object that blocks free movement. simply it is Hinderance in the flow of something.
A trade barrier is defined as “any hurdle, obstacle or roadblock that hampers the smooth flow of goods, services, and payments from one destination to another”.
Wto
World Trade Organization (WTO) is the multilateral trading system created with the purpose of supervising and liberalizing international trade.
WTO regulation of trade between member countries.
It is also responsible for enforcing trade laws, agreements and resolving disputes
Plus de Atta Hussain Syed (20)
Lec 04 Production Possibilities and Opportunity Cost
Lec 04 Production Possibilities and Opportunity Cost
Dernier
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The WhatsPump Pseudonym Problem and the Hilarious Downfall of Artificial Engagement
SWAIAP Fraud Risk Mitigation Prof Oyedokun.pptx
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Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
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6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）。吃吃地笑山娃很精神越逛越起劲父亲却越逛越疲倦望着父亲呵欠连天的样子山娃也说困了累了回家吧小屋闷罐一般头顶上的三叶扇彻夜呜呜作响搅得满屋热气腾腾也搅得山娃心烦意乱父亲一上床就呼呼大睡山娃却辗转反侧睡不着山娃一次又一次摸索着爬起来一遍又一遍地用暖乎乎的冷水擦身往水泥地板上一勺一勺的洒水也不知过了多久山娃竟迷迷糊糊地睡着了迷迷糊糊地又闻到了闹钟刺耳的铃声和哐咣的关门声待山娃醒来时父亲早已上班去了床头总们
This assessment plan proposal is to outline a structured approach to evaluati...
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how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the what'sapp information for my personal pi vendor.
+12349014282
Earn a passive income with prosocial investing
Invest in prosocial funds that earn you an income while improving the world
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just what'sapp this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
+12349014282
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how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the what'sapp number of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Message: +12349014282 VIA Whatsapp.
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...
Delve into the world of STREETONOMICS, where a team of 7 enthusiasts embarks on a journey to understand unorganized markets. By engaging with a coffee street vendor and crafting questionnaires, this project uncovers valuable insights into consumer behavior and market dynamics in informal settings."
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptx
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the what'sapp number.
+12349014282
can I really make money with pi network.
Yes of course, you can easily start mining pi network coin today and sell to legit pi vendors in the United States.
Here the what'sapp contact of my personal vendor.
+12349014282
#pi network #pi coins #legit #passive income
#US
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how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.
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how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)
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