Austin Journal of Lung Cancer Research is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal committed to publication of unique contributions concerned with the causes, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and management of lung cancer. Lung cancer occurs when the cells of lung divide uncontrollably and form tumor. Austin Journal of Lung Cancer Research accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports, clinical images and rapid communication on all the aspects of this disease.

1. PNEUMONIA

2. DEFINITION
 Pneumonia is an
inflammation of the
parenchyma (alveoli) of
the lung.
 The alveoli are filled with
fluid or pus, making it
difficult to breath.
 It is usually characterized
by consolidation, in which
the alveoli are filled with a
mixture of exudates,
bacteria and leukocytes.

4. HOW PNEUMONIA
DEVELOPS?
 Pneumonia can develop
when a person breathes
in small droplets that
contain pneumonia-
causing organisms.
 It can also occur when
bacteria or viruses that
are normally present in
the mouth, nose and
throat, enter the lungs.

5. TYPES OF
PNEUMONIA
Pneumonia is classified into two types:
1. ANOTOMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
2. CLINICAL
CLASSIFICATION

6. 1. ANOTOMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
BRONCHOPNEUMONIA: It affects the
lungs in patches around bronchi.
LOBAR PNEUMONIA: It is an infection
that only involves a single lobe or section
of a lung.
INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA: It
involves the areas in between the alveoli

7. 2. CLINICAL
CLASSIFICATION
 Community Acquired-
Typical/Atypical/Aspiration
 Pneumonia in Elderly
 Nosocomial- HAP, VAP, HCAP
 Pneumonia in
Immunocompromised host

8. ETIOLOGY
 BACTERIA: Legionella pneumophila,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus
influenzae, Streptococcus pyoogenes, Moraxella
catarrhalis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and
Pneumocystis jiroveci.
 VIRUSES: Influenza virus, Adenoviruses,
Rhinovirus etc.,
 MYOPLASMAS: These are not classified as
they have the characteristics of both bacteria
and viruses.
 FUNGI: Pneumocystis carini
 PARASITES and various chemicals

10. EPIDEMIOLOGY
 Cigarette smoking
 Dementia
 Asthma
 Malnutrition
 Chronic illness
 Advanced age
 Alcoholism
 Immunosuppression

11. COMPLICATIONS
 Lung abscess
 Bacteria in blood
stream (bacteremia)
 Build up of fluid in
the space between the
lung and chest wall
 Difficulty in breathing
 Shock and respiratory
failure
 Septic arthritis
 Endocarditis

12. DIAGNOSIS
 Chest X-rays
 Blood tests
 Sputum tests
 Bonchoscopy
 Pulse oximetry

13. TREATMENT

14.  Breastfeeding your baby which boosts their
immune system
 Stop smoking and intake of alcohol
 Keeping your home warm and well-ventilated
 Vaccination
 Regular and thorough hand-washing
 Avoiding contact where possible with people
who have colds, the flu or other infections
 Take nutritious food
 Regular exercise
PREVENTION