The document discusses various practical clinical skills including minor surgeries, injections, intravenous injections, suturing techniques, wound closure methods, dressings, splints, electrocardiography, spirometry, refraction, and physiotherapy modalities. It describes procedures like abscess drainage, cyst excision, and lipoma excision. It also covers topics like types of sutures, needles, bandaging methods, and physiotherapy options like shortwave diathermy, ultrasonic therapy, and interferential therapy.
11. SUTURING
There are several shapes of surgical needles:
Straight
1/4 circle
3/8 circle
1/2 circle. Subtypes of this needle shape
include, from larger to smaller size, CT, CT-1, CT-2
and CT-3.[3]
5/8 circle
compound curve
half curved (also known as ski)
half curved at both ends of a straight segment (also
known as canoe)
13. SUTURING
Needles may also be classified by their point
geometry; examples include:
taper (needle body is round and tapers smoothly
to a point)
cutting (needle body is triangular and has a
sharpened cutting edge on the inside curve)
reverse cutting (cutting edge on the outside)
trocar point or tapercut (needle body is round and
tapered, but ends in a small triangular cutting
point)
blunt points for sewing friable tissues
side cutting or spatula points (flat on top and
bottom with a cutting edge along the front to one
side) for eye surgery
15. Suture Material
Types of sutures :
Absorbable sutures such as plain,chromic, a
traumatic catgut.
Non absorbable or non absorbent sutures.
16. Reading the Suture Label
Order Code
Size
Also:
Name
LENGTH
NEEDLE
SYMBOL
Needle COLOR
Absorbable
or Non
Company
17. Suture Material
ABSORBABLE SUTURES: CATGUT
A tough thin cord made from the treated and
stretched intestines of certain animals, especially
sheep. This type of suture are commonly used to
suture the inner structure of the body
Walls of the organs
Rectal sheath
Muscles
Subcutaneous tissue
Peritoneum
Intestinal anastomosis
18. Suture Material
1) Plain catgut :
These sutures are completely digested &
absorbed by the tissue. Sizes of the absorbable
catgut suture vary from 5/0 which is the finest to
2 which is the thickest.
19. Suture Material
Chromic catgut : Chromic catgut an absorbable
sterile strand derived from the intestinal submucosa
of sheep.
It is an absorbable suture
The chromic catgut is of brown color & is absorbed
slowly
20. Suture Material
Atraumatic catgut It is another type which is used for
ligating small blood vessels.
Dexon (Polyglycolic acid) is also an absorbable
suture synthetically prepared. It is available in
various sizes such as 3/0 to 2.
This suture is used as ties for small blood vessels &
also for suturing peritoneum ,rectal sheath etc.
21. Non absorbable sutures
These types of sutures are not
absorbed.
These sutures are used for closing or
suturing outer surface of the body such
as skin.
These sutures are cheaper, easy to
handle easy to sterile ,have smooth
surfaces & knot securely with the ends
cut short.
22. Suture Material
Silk suture : these suture are non absorbent. Their
sizes vary from 10/0 to 2 . These are used for skin
closure after abdominal operation.
Linen suture : these sutures are also non
absorbent .their sizes vary form 3/0 to 2 . These
are used for skin closure in hernia operation.
Monofilament Nylon suture ( Ethilon) : These are
non absorbable suture. Their sizes vary from 10/0
to 2. these sutures are used as tension sutures in
hernia repair.
23. Suture Material
e) Prolene –Ethifex merseline : These non
absorbent sutures are used for cardiovascular &
plastic surgery.
f) Metal Clips : these non absorbent types of
suture are of various types such as : Michael
clips Trazies Van petz
VICRYL (polyelatine– 916)
PROLENE (Polypropylene)
POLYSTER (ethibond)
POLYDIXONE SUTURE
30. Superglues that contain acrylates Tissue adhesive
may be applied to superficial
wounds to block pinpoint skin
hemorrhages and to precisely
coat wound edges. Because of
their bacteriostatic effects and
easy application, they have
gained increasing popularity. They
have demonstrated either
cosmetic equivalence or
superiority to traditional sutures
in various procedures, including
sutureless closure of pediatric
day surgeries, saphenous vein
harvesting for coronary artery
bypass, and blepharoplasty.
37. Applying a Cravat Bandage
to the Head
Place middle of bandage
over the dressing and
wrap around the head.
38. Applying a Cravat Bandage
to the Head
Cross the two
ends snugly.
Bring ends back
around and tie
knot.
39. Applying a Roller Bandage
For ankle:
Make two straight turns around instep.
Make figure-eight turn across front of foot, around
ankle, and under arch.
40. Securing Bandages
Loop method
Encircle body part with the
looped and free ends and
tie ends together.
48. Interferential Therapy (IFT)
Computerized Interferential therapy is most advanced
version; based on solid-state circuitry, extremely light
weight, compact design and portable and user friendly
systems.
Interferential therapy can relieve pain, reduce swelling,
activate cell function and promote healing &restors
function.
Choice for the treatment in Rheumatism, Arthritis,
Muscle Strains, Sports Injuries, Neuralgia, Neuritis,