Networking Class3

1. 1

2. Example – 2
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 22 – 2
= 4–2
= 2 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 26 – 2
= 64 – 2
= 62 Hosts/Subnet
2
HELP

3. Example – 2 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 2 Host
If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits
255. 2 Subnet & 255.
255. 192
2 Subnet & 62 Hosts/Subnet
62 Hosts/Subnet
11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11000000
Customize Subnet Mask
Customize Subnet Mask
8
4
12
6
255.255.255.192
255.255.255.192
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Range
192.168.1.0 – Subnet
192.168.1.63 x
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.64 – 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.191
192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.191
192.168.1.128 – 192.168.1.191
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.192 – 192.168.1.255 x
3

4. Example – 3
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 25 – 2
= 32 – 2
= 30 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 23 – 2
= 8–2
= 6 Hosts/Subnet
4
HELP

5. Example – 3 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 5 Host
If you convert 5 Host Bits to Network Bits
255. 255. 255. 248
30 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet
30 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet
11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11111000
Customize Subnet Mask
Customize Subnet Mask
8
8
64
32
16
12
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.248
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Subnet Range
x
192.168.1.0 – 192.168.1.7
192.168.1.8 to 192.168.1.15
to 192.168.1.15
192.168.1.8 192.168.1.8
– 192.168.1.15
192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.23
192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.23
192.168.1.16 – 192.168.1.23
192.168.1.24 to 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.24 to 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.24 – 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.39
192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.39Valid Subnets
192.168.1.240 – 192.168.1.247
192.168.1.240 to 192.168.1.247
192.168.1.240 to 192.168.1.247
192.168.1.248 – 192.168.1.255 x 5

6. Example – 4
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 26 – 2
= 64 – 2
= 62 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 22 – 2
= 4–2
= 2 Hosts/Subnet
6
HELP

7. Example – 4 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 6 Host
If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits
255. 255. 255. 252
62 Subnet & 2 Hosts/Subnet
62 Subnet & 2 Hosts/Subnet
11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11111100
Customize Subnet Mask
Customize Subnet Mask
8
4
8
64
32
16
12
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.252
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Subnet Range
x
192.168.1.0 – 192.168.1.3
192.168.1.4 to 192.168.1.7
to 192.168.1.7
192.168.1.4 192.168.1.4
– 192.168.1.7
192.168.1.8 to 192.168.1.11
192.168.1.8 to 192.168.1.11
192.168.1.8 – 192.168.1.11
192.168.1.12 to 192.168.1.15
192.168.1.12 to 192.168.1.15
192.168.1.12 – 192.168.1.15
192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.19
192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.19Valid Subnets
192.168.1.248 – 192.168.1.251
192.168.1.248 to 192.168.1.251
192.168.1.248 to 192.168.1.251
192.168.1.252 – 192.168.1.255 x 7

8. Example – 5
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 27 – 2
= 128 – 2
= 126 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 21 – 2
= 2 – 2 = 0 Hosts/Subnet
• In this case, You are not getting any host when you
convert 7 host bit to network bit. 8
HELP

9. Example – 6
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 28 – 2
= 256 – 2
= 254 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 20 – 2
= 0 – 2 = -2 Hosts/Subnet
• In this case, You are not getting any host when you
convert 8 host bit to network bit. 9
HELP

10. Requirement of Hosts is 40 ?
Example – 1
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 ≥ Req. of Host
= 26 – 2 ≥ 40 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 64 – 2
= 62 Hosts/Subnet
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 22 – 2
= 4–2
= 2 Subnet
10
HELP

11. Example – 1 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 2 Host
If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits
255. 2 Subnet & 255.
255. 192
2 Subnet & 62 Hosts/Subnet
62 Hosts/Subnet
11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11000000
Customize Subnet Mask
Customize Subnet Mask
8
4
12
6
255.255.255.192
255.255.255.192
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Range
192.168.1.0 – Subnet
192.168.1.63 x
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.64 – 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.191
192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.191
192.168.1.128 – 192.168.1.191
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.192 – 192.168.1.255 x
11

12. Requirement of Hosts is 2 ?
Example – 2
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 ≥ Req. of Host
= 22 – 2 ≥ 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 4–2
= 2 Hosts/Subnet
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 26 – 2
= 64 – 2
= 62 Subnet
12
HELP

13. Example – 2 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask =
255. 255. 255. 252
11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11111100
8
4
8
64
32
16
12
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.1.0 – 192.168.1.3 x
192.168.1.4 – 192.168.1.7
192.168.1.8 – 192.168.1.11
192.168.1.12 – 192.168.1.15
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.248 – 192.168.1.251
192.168.1.252 – 192.168.1.255 x 13

14. Cisco / Notation
Example – 1
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0/29
Extra Network Bits = 29 – 24 = 5
Put n value = 5
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 25 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 32 – 2
= 30 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 23 – 2
= 8–2
14
= 6 Hosts/Subnet
HELP

15. Example – 1 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 5 Host
If you convert 5 Host Bits to Network Bits
255. 255. 255. 248
30 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet
30 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet
11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11111000
Customize Subnet Mask
Customize Subnet Mask
8
8
64
32
16
12
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.248
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Subnet Range
x
192.168.1.0 – 192.168.1.7
192.168.1.8 to 192.168.1.15
to 192.168.1.15
192.168.1.8 192.168.1.8
– 192.168.1.15
192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.23
192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.23
192.168.1.16 – 192.168.1.23
192.168.1.24 to 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.24 to 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.24 – 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.39
192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.39Valid Subnets
192.168.1.240 – 192.168.1.247
192.168.1.240 to 192.168.1.247
192.168.1.240 to 192.168.1.247
192.168.1.248 – 192.168.1.255 x 15

16. Cisco / Notation
Example – 2
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0/28
Extra Network Bits = 28 – 24 = 4
Put n value = 4
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 24 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 16 – 2
= 14 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 24 – 2
= 16 – 2
16
= 14 Hosts/Subnet
HELP

17. Example – 2 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 4 Host
If you convert 4 Host Bits to Network Bits
255. 14 Subnet &255.Hosts/Subnet
255. 240
14 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet
14
11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11110000
Customize Subnet Mask
Customize Subnet Mask
8
64
32
16
12
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.240
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Subnet Range
192.168.1.0 – 192.168.1.15 x
192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.16 – 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.47
192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.47
192.168.1.32 – 192.168.1.47
192.168.1.48 to 192.168.1.63
192.168.1.48 to 192.168.1.63
192.168.1.48 – 192.168.1.63
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.80
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.80Valid Subnets
192.168.1.224 – 192.168.1.239
192.168.1.224 to 192.168.1.239
192.168.1.224 to 192.168.1.239
192.168.1.240 – 192.168.1.255 x 17

18. Requirement of Networks is 2 ?
Example – 1
Class B : N.N.H.H
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : 172.16.0.0
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2 ≥ Req. of Subnet
= 22 – 2 ≥ 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 4–2
= 2 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 214 – 2
= 16384 – 2
= 16382 Hosts/Subnet
18
HELP

19. Example – 1 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 2 Host
If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits
255. 255. 192. 0
22 Subnet & 16382 Hosts/Subnet
Subnet & 16382 Hosts/Subnet
11111111. 11111111. 11000000. 00000000
Customize Subnet Mask
Customize Subnet Mask
8
64
12
255.255.192.0
255.255.192.0
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Range
172.16.0.0 – Subnet
172.16.63.255 x
172.16.64.0 to 172.16.127.255
to 172.16.127.255
172.16.64.0172.16.127.255
172.16.64.0 –
172.16.128.0 to 172.16.191.255Valid Subnets
to 172.16.191.255
172.16.128.0172.16.191.255
172.16.128.0 –
172.16.192.0 – 192.168.1.255 x
19

20. Requirement of Hosts is 126 ?
Example – 2
Class B : N.N.H.H
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : 172.16.0.0
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 ≥ Req. of Host
= 27 – 2 ≥ 126 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 128 – 2
= 126 Hosts/Subnet
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 29 – 2
= 512 – 2
= 510 Subnet
20
HELP

21. Example – 2 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 9 Host
If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits
255. 510 Subnet &255. Hosts/Subnet
255. 128
510 Subnet & 126 Hosts/Subnet
126
11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 10000000
Customize Subnet Mask
Customize Subnet Mask
8
12
255.255.255.128
255.255.255.128
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Subnet Range
x
172.16.0.0 – 172.16.0.127
172.16.0.128 to 172.16.0.255
172.16.0.128 to 172.16.0.255
172.16.0.128 – 172.16.0.255
172.16.1.0 to 172.16.1.127
172.16.1.0 to 172.16.1.127
172.16.1.0 – 172.16.1.127
172.16.1.128 to 172.16.1.255
172.16.1.128 to 172.16.1.255
172.16.1.128 – 172.16.1.255
172.16.2.0 to 172.16.2.127
172.16.2.0 to 172.16.2.127 Valid Subnets
172.16.255.0 – 172.16.255.127
172.16.255.0 to 172.16.255.127
172.16.255.0 to 172.16.255.127
172.16.255.128 – 172.16.255.255 x 21

22. Cisco / Notation
Example – 3
Class B : N.N.H.H
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : 172.16.0.0/22
Extra Network Bits = 22 – 16 = 6
Put n value = 6
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 26 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 64 – 2
= 62 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 210 – 2
= 1024 – 2
22
= 1022 Hosts/Subnet
HELP

23. Example – 3 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 6 Host
If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits
255. 62255. & 252. Hosts/Subnet
0
Subnet & 1022 Hosts/Subnet
62 Subnet 1022
11111111. 11111111.11111100. 00000000
Customize Subnet Mask
Customize Subnet Mask
8
4
8
64
32
16
12
255.255.252.0
255.255.252.0
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Subnet Range
x
172.16.0.0 – 172.16.3.255
172.16.4.0 to 172.16.7.255
to 172.16.7.255
172.16.4.0 172.16.4.0172.16.7.255
–
172.16.8.0 to 172.16.11.255
to 172.16.11.255
172.16.8.0172.16.11.255
172.16.8.0 –
172.16.12.0 to 172.16.15.255
to 172.16.15.255
172.16.12.0172.16.15.255
172.16.12.0 –
172.16.16.0 to 172.16.19.255
172.16.16.0 to 172.16.19.255 Valid Subnets
172.16.248.0 – 172.16.251.255
172.16.248.0 to 172.16.251.255
to 172.16.251.255
172.16.248.0172.16.255.255 x
172.16.252.0 – 23

24. Requirement of Networks is 500 ?
Example – 1
Class A : N.H.H.H
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class A : 10.0.0.0
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2 ≥ Req. of Subnet
= 29 – 2 ≥ 500 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 512 – 2
= 510 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 215 – 2
= 32768 – 2
= 32766 Hosts/Subnet
24
HELP

25. Example – 1 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 9 Host
If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits
255. 510255. & 128. Hosts/Subnet
0
Subnet & 32766 Hosts/Subnet
510 Subnet 32766
11111111. 11111111.10000000. 00000000
Customize Subnet Mask
Customize Subnet Mask
8
12
255.255.128.0
255.255.128.0
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Subnet Range
x
10.0.0.0 – 10.0.127.255
10.0.128.0 to 10.0.255.255
to 10.0.255.255
10.0.128.0 10.0.128.010.0.255.255
–
10.1.0.0 to 10.1.127.255
to 10.1.127.255
10.1.0.010.1.127.255
10.1.0.0 –
10.1.128.0 to 10.1.255.255
to 10.1.255.255
10.1.128.010.1.255.255
10.1.128.0 –
10.2.0.0 to 10.2.127.255 Valid Subnets
10.2.0.0 to 10.2.127.255
10.255.0.0 – 10.255.127.255
10.255.0.0 to 10.255.127.255
to 10.255.127.255
10.255.0.0 10.255.255.255 x
10.255.128.0 – 25

26. Requirement of Hosts is 260000 ?
Example – 2
Class A : N.H.H.H
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class A : 10.0.0.0
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 ≥ Req. of Host
= 218 – 2 ≥ 260000 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 262144 – 2
= 262142 Hosts/Subnet
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 26 – 2
= 64 – 2
= 62 Subnet
26
HELP

27. Example – 2 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 6 Host
If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits
255. 252. 0. 0
62 Subnet & 262142 Hosts/Subnet
62 Subnet & 262142 Hosts/Subnet
11111111. 11111100.00000000. 00000000
Customize Subnet Mask
Customize Subnet Mask
8
4
8
32
16
64
12
255.252.0.0
255.252.0.0
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Subnet Range
x
10.0.0.0 – 10.3.255.255
10.4.0.0 to 10.3.255.255
to 10.3.255.255
10.4.0.0 10.7.255.255
10.4.0.0 –
10.8.0.0 to 10.7.255.255
to 10.7.255.255
10.8.0.0 10.11.255.255
10.8.0.0 –
10.12.0.0 to 10.15.255.255
to 10.15.255.255
10.12.0.0 10.15.255.255
10.12.0.0 –
10.16.0.0 to 10.19.255.255 Valid Subnets
10.16.0.0 to 10.19.255.255
10.248.0.0 – 10.251.255.255
10.248.0.0 to 10.251.255.255
to 10.251.255.255
10.248.0.0 10.255.255.255 x
10.252.0.0 – 27

28. Cisco / Notation
Example – 3
Class A : N.H.H.H
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : 10.0.0.0/20
Extra Network Bits = 20 – 8 = 12
Put n value = 12
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 212 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 4096 – 2
= 4094 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 212 – 2
= 4096 – 2
28
= 4094 Hosts/Subnet
HELP

29. Example – 3 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 12 Host
If you convert 12 Host Bits to Network Bits
255. 4094 Subnet &240. Hosts/Subnet
255. 0
4094 Subnet & 4094 Hosts/Subnet
4094
11111111. 11111111.11110000. 00000000
Customize Subnet Mask
Customize Subnet Mask
8
64
32
6
12
1
255.255.240.0
255.255.240.0
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Subnet Range
x
10.0.0.0 – 10.0.15.255
10.0.16.0 to 10.31.255.255
to 10.31.255.255
10.0.16.0 10.0.31.255
10.0.16.0 –
10.0.32.0 to 10.47.255.255
to 10.47.255.255
10.0.32.0 10.0.47.255
10.0.32.0 –
10.0.48.0 to 10.63.255.255
to 10.63.255.255
10.0.48.0 10.0.63.255
10.0.48.0 –
10.0.64.0 to 10.79.255.255
10.0.64.0 to 10.79.255.255 Valid Subnets
10.255.224.0 – 10.255.239.255
10.255.224.0 to 10.255.239.255
to 10.255.239.255
10.255.224.010.255.255.255 x
10.255.240.0 – 29

30. VLSM
• Subnetting a subnet is called as Variable Length
Subnet Mask
• VLSMs provide the capability to include more
than one subnet mask within a major network
30

31. Scenario
ZOOM Technologies is having 100 PC
• ZOOM Technologies – 192.168.1.0/24
– MCSE
– CISCO
– FIREWALL
– SOLARIS
– TRAINING
• Administrator wants inter-department
communication should not be possible ?
What is best the solution ?
Answer : You will go for FLSM i.e. Subnetting
31

32. Scenario (…continued)
Now we are also having sub departments
ZOOM Technologies
– MCSE
– CISCO
– Ccna
– Ccnp
– FIREWALL
– ISA
– Checkpoint
– Net SQ
– Clavister
– Cisco PIX
– SOLARIS
– Linux
– Unix
– Solaris 32
– TRAINING

33. Scenario (…continued)
Now we are also having sub departments
ZOOM Technologies
– MCSE
– CISCO
– Ccna
– Ccnp
– FIREWALL
– ISA
– Checkpoint
– Net SQ
– Clavister
– Cisco PIX
– SOLARIS
– Linux
– Unix
– Solaris 33
– TRAINING

34. Scenario (…continued)
• Administrator does not want inter-department
communication in the sub departments ?
Answer : You will use the subnet range to further
divide it into smaller ranges, this time its
Subnetting of a Subnet i.e. VLSM.
34

35. Calculation of FLSM
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2 ≥ Req. of Subnet
= 23 – 2 ≥ 5 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 8–2
= 6 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 25 – 2
= 32 – 2
= 30 Hosts/Subnet
35
HELP

36. FLSM (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask = Bits to Network Bits
If you convert 3 Host
If you convert 3 Host Bits to Network Bits
255. 6 Subnet & 255.
255. 224
6 Subnet & 30 Hosts/Subnet
30 Hosts/Subnet
11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11100000
Customize Subnet Mask
Customize Subnet Mask
8
64
32
12
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.224
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Subnet Range
192.168.1.0 192.168.1.31 x
192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.63.
192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.63.
192.168.1.32 192.168.1.63
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.95
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.95
192.168.1.64 192.168.1.95
192.168.1.96 to 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.96 to 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.96 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.159
192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.159 Valid Subnets
192.168.1.128 192.168.1.159
192.168.1.160 to 192.168.1.191
192.168.1.160 to 192.168.1.191
192.168.1.160 192.168.1.191
192.168.1.192 to 192.168.1.223
192.168.1.192 to 192.168.1.223
192.168.1.192 192.168.1.223
192.168.1.224 192.168.1.255 x 36

37. Assigning of the Ranges
ZOOM Technologies
– MCSE 192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27
– CISCO 192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27
– Ccna
– Ccnp
– FIREWALL 192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27
– ISA
– Checkpoint
– Net SQ
– Clavister
– Cisco PIX
– SOLARIS 192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27
– Linux
– Unix
– Solaris
– TRAINING 192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27 37

38. Calculation of VLSM for CISCO Dept.
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.64
• No. of Subnet
= 2n ≥ Req. of Subnet
= 21 ≥ 2
= 2
= 2 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 24 – 2
= 16 – 2
= 14 Hosts/Subnet
38
HELP

39. VLSM (Continued…)
• Customizeconvert 1 more Host Bit to Network Bit
you Subnet Mask =
If you convert 1 more Host Bit to Network Bit
If
255. 2 Subnet & 255.
255. 240
2 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet
14 Hosts/Subnet
11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11110000
Customize Subnet Mask
Customize Subnet Mask
8
64
32
16
12
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.240
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
Subnet Range
Subnet Range
192.168.1.64 – 192.168.1.79
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.79
192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.79
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.80 – 192.168.1.95
192.168.1.80 to 192.168.1.95
192.168.1.80 to 192.168.1.95
39

40. Assigning of the Ranges
ZOOM Technologies
– MCSE 192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27
– CISCO 192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27
– Ccna 192.168.1.64 – 1.79/28
– Ccnp 192.168.1.80 – 1.95/28
– FIREWALL 192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27
– ISA
– Checkpoint
– Net SQ
– Clavister
– Cisco PIX
– SOLARIS 192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27
– Linux
– Unix
– Solaris
– TRAINING 192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27 40

41. Calculation of VLSM for Firewall Dept.
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.96
• No. of Subnet
= 2n ≥ Req. of Subnet
= 23 ≥ 5
= 8
= 8 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 22 – 2
= 4–2
= 2 Hosts/Subnet
41
HELP

42. VLSM (Continued…)
• Customizeconvert 3 more Host Bit to Network Bit
you Subnet Mask =
If you convert 3 more Host Bit to Network Bit
If
255. 255.
8 Subnet &255. 252
8 Subnet & 2 Hosts/Subnet
2 Hosts/Subnet
11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11111100
Customize Subnet Mask
Customize Subnet Mask
8
4
8
64
32
16
12
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.252
• Range of Networks
Network ID Subnet Range ID
Broadcast
Subnet Range
192.168.1.96 – 192.168.1.99
192.168.1.96 to 192.168.1.99
192.168.1.96 to 192.168.1.99
192.168.1.100 – 192.168.1.103
192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.103
192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.103
192.168.1.104 – 192.168.1.107
192.168.1.104 to 192.168.1.107
192.168.1.104 to 192.168.1.107
192.168.1.108 – 192.168.1.111
192.168.1.108 to 192.168.1.111
192.168.1.108 to 192.168.1.111Valid Subnets
192.168.1.112 – 192.168.1.115
192.168.1.112 to 192.168.1.115
192.168.1.112 to 192.168.1.115
192.168.1.116 – 192.168.1.119
192.168.1.116 to 192.168.1.119
192.168.1.116 to 192.168.1.119
192.168.1.120 – 192.168.1.123
192.168.1.120 to 192.168.1.123
192.168.1.120 to 192.168.1.123
192.168.1.124 – 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.124 to 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.124 to 192.168.1.127
42

43. Assigning of the Ranges
ZOOM Technologies
– MCSE 192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27
– CISCO 192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27
– Ccna 192.168.1.64 – 1.79/28
– Ccnp 192.168.1.80 – 1.95/28
– FIREWALL 192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27
– ISA 192.168.1.96 – 1.99/30
– Checkpoint 192.168.1.100 – 1.103/30
– Net SQ 192.168.1.104 – 1.107/30
– Clavister 192.168.1.108 – 1.111/30
– Cisco PIX 192.168.1.112 – 1.115/30
– SOLARIS 192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27
– Linux
– Unix
– Solaris
43
– TRAINING 192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27

44. Calculation of VLSM for Solaris Dept.
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.128
• No. of Subnet
= 2n ≥ Req. of Subnet
= 22 ≥ 3
= 4
= 4 Subnet
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 23 – 2
= 8–2
= 6 Hosts/Subnet
44
HELP

45. VLSM (Continued…)
• Customizeconvert 2 more Host Bit to Network Bit
you Subnet Mask =
If you convert 2 more Host Bit to Network Bit
If
255. 255.
4 Subnet &255. 248
4 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet
6 Hosts/Subnet
11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11111000
Customize Subnet Mask
Customize Subnet Mask
8
8
64
32
16
12
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.248
• Range of Networks
Network ID Subnet Range ID
Broadcast
Subnet Range
192.168.1.128 – 192.168.1.135
192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.135
192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.135
192.168.1.136 – 192.168.1.143
192.168.1.136 to 192.168.1.143
192.168.1.136 to 192.168.1.143
192.168.1.144 – 192.168.1.151 Valid Subnets
192.168.1.144 to 192.168.1.151
192.168.1.144 to 192.168.1.151
192.168.1.152 – 192.168.1.159
192.168.1.152 to 192.168.1.159
192.168.1.152 to 192.168.1.159
45

46. Assigning of the Ranges
ZOOM Technologies
– MCSE 192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27
– CISCO 192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27
– Ccna 192.168.1.64 – 1.79/28
– Ccnp 192.168.1.80 – 1.95/28
– FIREWALL 192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27
– ISA 192.168.1.96 – 1.99/30
– Checkpoint 192.168.1.100 – 1.103/30
– Net SQ 192.168.1.104 – 1.107/30
– Clavister 192.168.1.108 – 1.111/30
– Cisco PIX 192.168.1.112 – 1.115/30
– SOLARIS 192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27
– Linux 192.168.1.128 – 1.135/29
– Unix 192.168.1.136 – 1.143/29
– Solaris 192.168.1.144 – 1.51/29
46
– TRAINING 192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27

47. VSNL ROUTER 192.168.1.0/24
1.32/27 1.160/27
1.64/27 1.128/27 1.144/29
1.64/28 1.136/29
1.96/27
1.79/28 1.128/29
1.96/30 1.112/30
1.100/30 1.108/30
1.104/30
47

48. CIDR
Classless Inter Domain Routing
• It is reverse (inverse) of Subnetting
• Combining of Multiple Networks to Single
Networks
• Converting Network Bits to Hosts Bits
i.e. Converting 1’s into 0’s
• Generally design for Class C networks
• Easier Summarization
• It is also known as Supernetting
48

49. VSNL ROUTER 192.168.1.0/24
1.32/27 1.160/27
1.64/27 1.128/27 1.144/29
1.64/28 1.136/29
1.96/27
1.79/28 1.128/29
1.96/30 1.112/30
1.100/30 1.108/30
1.104/30
49

50. Requirement of Hosts is 1000 ?
Example – 1
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.0.0
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 ≥ Req. of Host
= 210 – 2 ≥ 1000 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 1024 – 2
= 1022 Hosts/Subnet
50
HELP

51. Example – 1 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask =
255. 255. 252. 0
11111111. 11111111.11111100. 00000000
8
4
8
64
32
16
12
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.0.0 – 192.168.3.255
192.168.4.0 – 192.168.7.255
192.168.8.0 – 192.168.11.255
192.168.12.0 – 192.168.15.255
Valid Subnets
192.168.248.0 – 192.168.251.255
192.168.252.0 – 192.168.255.255 51

52. Requirement of Hosts is 12000 ?
Example – 2
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.0.0
• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 ≥ Req. of Host
= 214 – 2 ≥ 12000 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 16384 – 2
= 16382 Hosts/Subnet
52
HELP

53. Example – 2 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask =
255. 255. 192. 0
11111111. 11111111. 11000000. 00000000
8
64
12
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.0.0 – 192.168.63.255
192.168.64.0 – 192.168.127.255
192.168.128.0 – 192.168.191.255
192.168.192.0 – 192.168.255.255
53

54. Example – 1 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask =
255. 255. 252. 0
11111111. 11111111.11111100. 00000000
8
4
8
64
32
16
12
• Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.0.0 – 192.168.3.255
192.168.4.0 – 192.168.7.255
192.168.8.0 – 192.168.11.255
192.168.12.0 – 192.168.15.255
Valid Subnets
192.168.248.0 – 192.168.251.255
192.168.252.0 – 192.168.255.255 54

55. 55

56. Power table
POWER TABLE
POWER TABLE
21 = 2 29 = 512 217 = 131072 225 = 33554432
22 = 4 210 = 1024 218 = 262144 226 = 67108864
23 = 8 211 = 2048 219 = 524288 227 = 134217728
24 = 16 212 = 4096 220 = 1048576 228 = 268435456
25 = 32 213 = 8192 221 = 2097152 229 = 536870912
26 = 64 214 = 16384 222 = 4194304 230 = 1073741824
27 = 128 215 = 32768 223 = 8388608 231 = 2147483648
28 = 256 216 = 65536 224 = 16777216 232 = 4294967296
56