here some description about traversing what is traversing types and how traversing canbe done

1. Traversing
Dr. Mahmood Arshad
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of Mining Engineering,
Faculty of Earth Sciences and
Engineering,
University of Engineering & Technology,
Lahore.
smarshad@uet.edu.pk
Min-E-240 Surveying
Lecture 10 – Week 6

2. INTRODUCTION
 Open
 Closed
 Polygon
 Link

3. OBSERVATION OF TRAVERSE ANGLES OR DIRECTIONS
 Traversing by Interior Angles
 Traversing by Angles to the Right
 Traversing by Deflection Angles
 Traversing by Azimuths

4. OBSERVATION OF TRAVERSE LENGTHS

5. SELECTION OF TRAVERSE STATIONS
 Must Increase:
 Accuracy,
 Utility, and
 Efficiency.
 Inter-visibility between adjacent stations, forward and back.
 Convenient locations that allow for easy access.
 Ordinarily, stations are placed to create lines that are as
long as possible.
 “Walk” the area

6. REFERENCING TRAVERSE STATIONS

7. TAPING EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES – Cont’d

8. TRAVERSE FIELD NOTES

9. ANGLE MISCLOSURE
 The sum interior angles of a closed polygon should be:
 ∑ = (n - 2) 180°
 The sum of exterior angles in case of angles to the right
should be:
 ∑ = (n + 2) 180°

10. TRAVERSING WITH TOTAL STATION INSTRUMENTS

11. RADIAL TRAVERSING

12. SOURCES OF ERROR IN TRAVERSING
 Homework:
9.10 SOURCES OF
ERROR IN
TRAVERSING
9.11 MISTAKES IN
TRAVERSING

13. Example 4.1
