Rolling back Xenophobia through community dialogues presenation - Nurudean Ssempa
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Nurudean Ssempa delivered his presentation titled "Rolling back Xenophobia through community dialogues" at the 2nd International Congress on Islamic Civilisation in Southern Africa.
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Rolling back Xenophobia through community dialogues presenation - Nurudean Ssempa
- 2. Mr. Nurudean Ssempa (MRASA) Ms. Fatima Hendricks (OT & MI Student 2015) Mr. Minhaj Jeenah (IR) MRASA & the Roll-back Xenophobia Campaign
- 3. Contents 1. Xenophobia: The context 1 2 . 3 2. MRASA’s campaign 3. Insights & challenges: What are we learning?
- 5. Xenophobia Xenophobia: Attitudes, prejudices and behavior that reject, exclude and often vilify persons, based on the perception that they are outsiders or foreigners to the community, society or national identity” (WCAR, 2001) Xenos: something strange Phobia: fear Linked to new racism - the discriminatory treatment of the “other”, on the basis of “the other’s” national origin or ethnicity. It is a shift in racism, from notions of biological superiority, to exclusion based on cultural and national difference (Ibrahim, 2005).
- 6. Xenophobic Attacks 1994: Statement by Home Affairs Minister – “aliens pouring into SA” 1998: 3 Foreign Nationals thrown of train 2000: Sudanese thrown of train & Kenyan pair shot dead in home 2004: Somali shop owner shot dead on Christmas Day 2009: 3000 Zimbabweans displaced from De Doorns 1 2 3 4 5 6 2015: Xenophobic attacks in Limpopo, Kwa Zulu Natal Province 2008: Alexandra & other townships. Houses burnt, 342 shops looted and 213 burnt down. Hundreds injured, thousands chased away, over 60 dead. Multiple Sources
- 7. Cause of xenophobia No % 1 Jealousy 208 86.3 2 Anger generated by high rate of poverty 188 78.0 3 Foreigners ‘steal’ jobs meant for locals 158 65.5 4 Foreigners seem to live far much better lives than locals 158 65.5 5 Competition for resources 147 60.9 6 Foreigners become scapegoats for the locals’ lack of education 82 34.0 7 Foreign men ‘steal’ local women 48 19.9 8 Foreigners are suffocating locals in their spaces 34 14.1 9 Foreigners are responsible for the high rate of crime 32 13.2 10 Communication problems between locals and foreigners 18 7.4 11 Foreigners bring diseases into S.A. 14 5.8 12 Foreigners are very corrupt 8 3.3 13 Mere dislike of foreigners 8 3.3 14 Failure of locals to take responsibility of their lives 2 0.8 (Mpofu-Chimga, 2013) Student’s views on causes of xenophobia
- 8. Rights of non-nationals Refugees Act 130 of 1998 & Immigration Act 13 of 2002. RSA Constitution Non-national refers to a broad category of people who are not South African citizens, including refugees, asylum seekers, temporary residents (like students), and undocumented migrants. South African constitution offers protection to citizens and non-citizens (non-nationals) alike, and it is one of few constitutions in the world that indisputably does so. 2.2 million immigrants (STATSSA, 2011) 65k (Documented Refugees, 2013) 230k (Asylum-seekers, 2013)
- 10. Key objectives: To Help Promote, Protect and Monitor Rights for Non-National Communities in the Western Cape and other provinces. To promote peaceful coexistence & integration between local South Africans and migrants. To proactively involve leaders of different faiths in finding solutions to challenges affecting our community and work to promote social cohesion. To provide platform for voices of refugees, professional migrants and local South Africans to be heard and to provide opportunity for inter-cultural engagement with a purpose of learning from each other and a “let’s build together” philosophy.
- 12. Key activities: Community Conversations
- 14. Q1 Q2 Q4Q3 2016 MRASA Roll Back Xenophobia upcoming Events Activities Community Forum Documentary production Human Rights Education Presentation, Chile Activities Schools visits Media engagement No2xenophobia website Info-graphics Documentary production “Youtube” Activities Youth Debates Youth forum Africa Art festival Students art paintings Activities Sports Event Media engagement Community Forum Survey on youth attitudes For more information please visit: www.mrasa.org.za email:info@mrasa.org.za/Tel: 021 637 9181
- 16. “Islam is a way of life” Every day lived experiences Hijrah Mu’aakhah Last Sermon Prophet Muhammad Quran: Equality Single Origin Know one another Contemporary Islamic Frameworks: Research & Policy Vacuum Adamic & Prophetic heritage: Migratory
- 17. MRASA’s Framework: REMS (Sue, 2007) Racial micro-insults: (verbal/non-verbal) Micro-invalidations: Everyday Micro-aggressions – What we Muslims say/do “These”, “Those” people” “You greet them but they don’t reply salaam” “Stateless”, “Alien” “Foreigner” Second class: “Serve white person first”, “happy to serve white person”, Differential treatment in Queues, “Its broken, but you have it”, “How much is it? It’s so expensive – can you afford it?”
- 18. MRASA’s Framework: REMS (Sue, 2007) Myth of meritocracy: Colour blindness: Everyday Micro-aggressions – What we Muslims say/do “Foreigners work very hard, locals are lazy” “Everyone has an equal chance, its what you do with it”, “always proving yourself” “ “When I look, I don’t see colour” “I don’t see race” Denial of individual racism: “I have many Black/Foreigner friends”, “Open front door – “we don’t have anything for you”
- 19. MRASA’s Framework: REMS (Sue, 2007) Assumption of criminality: Ascription of intelligence: Everyday Micro-aggressions – What we Muslims say/do Aversion to sitting next to immigrant, Clenching bag, Following people around shop “He is foreigner but he is very intelligent” “Over-praising” - PC Pathologizing cultural values/communication styles: “They speak so loudly, shouting from one side to another – it’s not the village”
- 20. MRASA’s Framework: REMS (Sue, 2007) Assumptions of Similarity/Exoticization: Workplace/social Micro-aggression: Everyday Micro-aggressions – What we Muslims say/do “You all have the same nose”, In the township – Dominant culture -“Indian food, biryani or akhni” vs “own food tastes” “Not welcome into their group/click”, “Always the underdog – have to work twice as hard”, Overlooked in group discussions, token Black representing all Black people, failure to make eye contact as if non- existent”
- 21. MRASA’s Framework: REMS (Sue, 2007) Environmental micro- aggressions: Assumption of disadvantage Everyday Micro-aggressions – What we Muslims say Media control/ representation, masajid access, leadership of muslim organisations, composition of boards, Aid vs. Development – “Ramadaan aid”, “Jummah handouts” Low education, Poor, “so lucky to be here”, “doing us a favour” “Just married her for citizenship”
- 22. SURPRISE!
- 23. While courageous individuals and communities have stepped forward to stop the violence and create safe spaces, it is our collective responsibility to combat racism, xenophobia and discrimination. DO Something About Xenophobia. Conclusion
- 24. Where to? We’d like to hear from you!
Notes de l'éditeur
- Post enumeration Survey (measures undercount/overcount) Similar figures reported in the 2012 General Household Survey
- Non-citizens face hostile social and practical realities. They experience xenophobia, racism and sexism; language barriers and unfamiliar customs; lack of political representation; difficulty realizing their economic, social and cultural rights—particularly the right to work, the right to education and the right to health care; difficulty obtaining identity documents; and lack of means to The Rights of Non-citizens The Rights of Non-citizens challenge violations of their human rights effectively or to have them remedied. Some non-citizens are subjected to arbitrary and often indefinite detention. They may have been traumatized by experiences of persecution or abuse in their countries of origin, but are detained side by side with criminals in prisons, which are frequently overcrowded, unhygienic and dangerous. In addition, detained noncitizens may be denied contact with their families, access to legal assistance and the opportunity to challenge their detention.
- 2015: Say No to Xenophobia Conference School engagements – x1 Community engagements –x2: Athlone & Bellville Media engagements – radio & print contributions
- “Oh people, know that the Lord and Sustainer is One. Your ancestor is one; your faith is one. The Arabism of anyone of you is not (by virtue of the nobility of) your mother or father. It is no more than a tongue (language).” Rasulullah sallallahu alayhi wasallam further said: “Let people stop boasting about their ancestors. One is only a pious believer or a miserable sinner. All men are sons of Adam, and Adam came from dust.” (Abu Dawud) “He is not of us who advocates the cause of racial discrimination, he is not of us who fights in the cause of racial discrimination and he is not of us who dies in the cause of racial discrimination.” (Abu Dawud) “Oh you who believe! Let not a group scoff at another group, it may be that the latter are better than the former; nor let (some) women scoff at other women, it may be that the latter are better than the former, nor defame one another, nor insult one another by nicknames. How bad is it, to insult ones brother after having Faith. And whosoever does not repent, then such are indeed wrong doers.” (49:11). The Noble Qur’an states: “Oh you who believe! Indeed We have created you from a single male and female and We have made you into nations and tribes so that you know each other…” (49:13)
- Racial microaggressions are brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults toward people of color. Perpetrators of microaggressions are often unaware that they engage in such communications when they interact with racial/ethnic minorities. A taxonomy of racial microaggressions in everyday life was created through a review of the social psychological literature on aversive racism, from formulations regarding the manifestation and impact of everyday racism, and from reading numerous personal narratives of counselors (both White and those of color) on their racial/cultural awakening. Microaggressions seem to appear in three forms: microassault, microinsult, and microinvalidation. Almost all interracial encounters are prone to microaggressions.
- Sue, D. W. (2003). Overcoming our racism: The journey to liberation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Sue, D. W. (2004). Whiteness and ethnocentric monoculturalism: Making the “invisible” visible. American Psychologist, 59, 759 –769. Sue, D. W. (2005). Racism and the conspiracy of silence. Counseling Psychologist, 33, 100 –114. Sue, D. W., Arredondo, P., & McDavis, R. J. (1992). Multicultural May–June 2007 ● American Psychologist 285 competencies/standards: A call to the profession. Journal of Counseling & Development, 70, 477– 486. Sue, D. W., Bucceri, J., Lin, A. I., Nadal, K. L., & Torino, G. C. (2007). Racial microaggressions and the Asian American experience. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 13, 72– 81. Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2003). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice (4th ed.). New York: Wiley. Sue, S., Fujino, D. C., Hu, L., & Takeuchi, D. (1991). Community mental health services for ethnic minority groups: A test of the cultural responsiveness hypothesis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 533–540.