Sputnik I: 1955 – Eisenhouwer & Kremlin 4 October 1957 70 kgs bleeping sphere ARPA: Apply state-of-the-art technology to US defence
John Licklider: “ Galactic Network” concept --> computers would be networked together Leonard Kleinrock: Break up a message in small packages Send them speratly to their destination Reassembling them at the other end Vint Cerf and Bob Khan who defined the "Internet Protocol" (IP) First WAN: Telephone line were low-speed
1967: MIT, National Physics Laboratory (UK), RAND corporation 1969: IMP is build by BBN (million-dollar contract) 4 computers UCLA Stanford Research Institute University of California Santa Barbara University of Utah First attempt to login (at UCLA into SRI) fails as the letter G of LOGIN was entered
1972: First International Conference on Computers and Communication (Washington DC) Linking computers from 40 different locations together First host-to-host protocols 1974: TCP/IP marked a crucial stage in networking development Crucial concept was the ‘open architecture’ (“Galactic Network”)
1974: crucial stage in networking development Crucial concept was the ‘open architecture’ (“Galactic Network”) Gateway would be a large computer (large volume of traffic) to transmit and redirect any packages Gateway would cut-down workload and speed up the traffic Packages can be rerouted System was designed for a limited number of national (sub-) networks.
1978: TCP/IP split into TCP and IP 1979: first suggestion of adding emotcions (widely used in 1982)
Increasingly predictions were voiced that the entire system would eventually grind to a halt Until then eacht host computer had been assigned a name Edu, com, gov, org and country codes
IAB: descendent of the IWG (1972) Backbone First computers: 56,000 bytes per second 1988: 1,544,000,000 bytes per second Purposes: only in support of research and education
Commercial users Hardware and software suppliers had been adding TCP/IP Little experience 1985 – the IAB organised the first workshop targeting the private sector 1987 – first commercial network, UUNET, was founded Internet still is forbidden place for the uninitiated Documentation available is highly scientific Finding stuff is a pain in the neck Transfer times are relatively slow
Al Gore’s project provided funds (over $3,000 mln) for futher research
Tim Berners-Lee Scientist at CERN (European centre for High Energy Physics – Geneva) Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
Mosaic X Eary to install Easy to use Backed by 24-hour customer support Improved graphical capabilities Many features which are available today 1994: tens of thousands of versions had been installed Commercial websites began their proliferation Followed by local shool/club/family sites Accelerated by even-more powerful and cheap personal computers The web exploded
1994 Supported colour Pictures are placed in-line December 1992 – 50 website were online December 1993 – 150 website were online
Microsoft acquires Hotmail in 1998 W3C director is Tim Berners-Lee AOL acquires Mirabilis and Netscape in 1998 Google is founded by two Stanford graduate students, who worked on the idea since 1995
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