A discussion of codes, standards, and emergency response procedures for aviation emergencies and incidents.

1. ARFF FOR
STRUCTURAL
DEPARTMENTS
Presented by:
Aaron Johnson
www.TheCodeCoach.com
www.AviationFireRisk.com

2. AARON JOHNSON
www.AviationFireRisk.com

3. What is
ARFF?
Why does it
matter?

4. WHAT HAPPENS WHEN…

5. WHAT HAPPENS WHEN…

6. WHAT HAPPENS WHEN…

7. WHAT HAPPENS WHEN…

8. WHAT HAPPENS WHEN…

9. What do you need to know?
Where can you get the answers?

10. 400’s

11. ARFF SERVICES
NFPA 403, Standard for Aircraft
Rescue and Fire Fighting Services at
Airports
NFPA 405, Standard for the Recurring
Proficiency of Airport Firefighters

12. ARFF SERVICES
NFPA 412, Standard for Evaluating
Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting
Foam Equipment
NFPA 414, Standard for Aircraft
Rescue and Fire-Fighting Vehicles

13. AVIATION FACILITIES AND OPERATIONS
NFPA 407, Standard for Aircraft Fuel
Servicing
NFPA 408, Standard for Aircraft Hand
Portable Fire Extinguishers

14. AVIATION FACILITIES AND OPERATIONS
NFPA 409, Standard on Aircraft
Hangars
NFPA 410, Standard on Aircraft
Maintenance

15. AVIATION FACILITIES AND OPERATIONS
NFPA 415, Standard on Airport
Terminal Buildings, Fueling Ramp
Drainage, and Loading Walkways
NFPA 418, Standard for Heliports

16. AVIATION FACILITIES AND OPERATIONS
NFPA 423, Standard for Construction
and Protection of Aircraft Engine Test
Facilities

17. EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND PLANNING
NFPA 402, Guide for Aircraft Rescue and
Fire-Fighting Operations
NFPA 422, Guide for Aircraft
Accident/Incident Response Assessment
NFPA 424, Guide for Airport/Community
Emergency Planning

18. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
• YOUR AVIATION FACILITIES
• YOUR RESPONSE AREA(s) AND TYPE OF
AIRCRAFT WITHIN
• HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH AIRCRAFT
• AIRCRAFT MAKE-UP
• AIRCRAFT FUEL
• MISCELLANEOUS
• YOUR RESPONSE PROCEDURES
• DISPATCH LINGO

19. FACILITIES
aircraft hangar
a building or other structure, inside any part
of which, aircraft are housed

20. FACILITIES
NFPA 409
Standard on Aircraft Hangars

21. Group
I - II - III - IV

22. Fire Area
1Hr.FireRated
Fire Area 1 Fire Area 2

23. Group I
> 28’
> 40,000 sq. ft.-or-

24. Group I
-or-

25. Group II
< 28’
< 40,000 sq. ft.
-and-
-per- Table 4.1.2

26. Group III
< 28’ -and-
< 30,000 sq. ft.-per- Table 4.1.3

27. Group IV

28. Which of these are in your
jurisdiction? What do you have
the most of?

29. Critical Rescue and Firefighting Access Area

30. WHAT’S IN THE CRITICAL AREA...

31. WHAT’S IN THE CRITICAL AREA...

32. WHAT’S IN THE CRITICAL AREA...

33. WHAT’S IN THE CRITICAL AREA...

34. WHAT’S IN THE CRITICAL AREA...

35. RESPONSE CONSIDERATIONS
• Types of Aircraft & Their
Components
• Aircraft Hazards
• Types of Emergencies
• Crashes Involving Structures

36. TYPES OF AIRCRAFT
● Fixed wing
● Rotary
● Military

37. FIXED WING AIRCRAFT

38. Fixed-wing Aircraft Components

39. ROTARY WINGED AIRCRAFT

40. Rotary-wing Aircraft Components

41. AIRCRAFT MATERIAL
• Aluminum
• Titanium
• Magnesium
• Alloy
• Wood

42. Hazards

43. FUEL
Jet A (JP-8) kerosene
based
100⁰F
Jet B (JP-4) kerosene/gasoline
mix
-10⁰F
AVGAS aviation grade
gasoline
-50⁰F

44. Danger Areas

45. Danger Areas

46. Danger Areas

47. TYPES OF EMERGENCIES
•Ground Emergency
•In-Flight Emergency
•Crash

48. GROUND EMERGENCIES: TYPES
(C
ont

49. Aircraft wheels — commonly
equipped with fusible plugs
incorporated into the rims
Designed to melt, automatically
deflating tires
Reduces possibility of wheel collapse
and fragmentation
WHEEL ASSEMBLIES

50. Brakes/wheel assemblies frequently
overheat
Methods to determine wheel
temperature
Peak wheel temperatures — 30 to 45
minutes after aircraft has come to a
complete stop
HOT BRAKES

51. Attempt to shut off the fuel
Avoid providing an ignition source
Evacuate aircraft if needed
Keep nonessential personnel clear
Wear full protective clothing
FUEL LEAKS AND SPILLS:
PRECAUTIONS

52. Contain spilled fuel to a small area
Prevent leaking/spilled fuel from
entering certain areas
Keep apparatus and equipment ready
Position upwind and uphill
FUEL LEAKS AND SPILLS:
PRECAUTIONS

53. Size of the spill
Terrain
Weather conditions
Type of flammable liquid
Aircraft occupancy
Emergency equipment and personnel
available
FUEL SPILL VARIABLES

54. Crew may attempt to extinguish an
engine or APU fire
Unoccupied aircraft — be familiar
with aircraft shutdown procedures
ENGINE/APU FIRES

55. IN-FLIGHT EMERGENCIES

56. LOW-IMPACT CRASHES
- Does not severely
damage or break up
the fuselage
- Likely to have a large
percentage of
survivors
- First priority — ensure
the safety of occupants
and crew

57. - Crashes with severe damage to
the fuselage and with a
significantly reduced likelihood of
occupant survival
- Usually high speed, high angle
impacts
- Little or no control of the aircraft

58. A wheels-up landing on water
Water may be covered with fuel
Survivors and rescue personnel most
likely contaminated
DITCHING

59. HELICOPTERS
•11–59
(Continued)

60. CRASHES INVOLVING STRUCTURES
&
STRUCTURAL DEPARTMENTS RESPONSE

61. THE RESPONSE
● What Do We Do?
● GATHER AS MUCH INFORMATION
AS POSSIBLE
● MUTUAL AIDE
● THINK OUTSIDE THE BOX
● PRIORITIES

62. Responder Safety
Victim Removal
Incident stabilization
Property conservation
Life safety is always the first and highest
priority
PRIORITIES

63. HOW DO WE COMBAT THIS TYPE OF
INCIDENT?
JUST LIKE A STRUCTURE FIRE

64. MILITARY AIRCRAFT ACTIONS

65. Scenario

72. What is one thing you
learned that you are going
to share with someone else
at your department?