2. The therapeutic interaction between nurse and the
client will be helpful to develop mutual understanding
between two individuals.
Interaction is a learning experience for both client and
for the nurse , and a corrective emotional experience to
the client to modify his behavior.
It establishes trusting relationship, wins the
confidentiality whereby the client
It can reveal his thought and feelings openly.
3. “The nurse directs the communication towards the
patient to identify his current problems, plans,
implements and evaluates the action taken”.
(Bimla kapoor,2002)
“promotes mutual understanding, establishes a
constructive relationship between the nurse and the
client”.
(kozier,2004)
4. To achieve self realization, self acceptance, self
respect, personal identity.
To formulate good interpersonal therapeutic
relationship.
Satisfy needs and to achieve realistic personal goals.
Permits the client to express their thoughts truly,
openly.
Aids in clarification of internal conflicts and
frustrations of the client
5. Improves client’s ego strengths
Encourage socialization and family interaction process
Treats communication problems
Modifies maladaptive behavior into adaptive behavior
Motivates the client to utilize new coping strategies
Helps the nurse to identify and intervene appropriate
nursing approaches.
Assists the client to develop self control and utilizes
problem solving skills in attacking the problems.
Implements nursing process effectively.
9. It occurs within an individual. This level of
communication is also called self talk, inner thought
and inner dialogue.
10. It is one to one interaction between the nurse and
another person that often occurs face to face.
Meaningful interpersonal communication results in
exchange of ideas, problem solving, expression of
feelings, decision making and personal growth.
11. It occurs within a person’s spiritual domain. Many
persons use prayer, meditation religious rituals to
communicate with their higher power. Nurses who
value the importance of human spirituality often use
this form of communication with clients and for
themselves.
12. It occurs when a small number of persons meet
together. It is usually goal directed and requires an
understanding of group dynamics. Nurses use this
level of communication for group therapy.
13. It is the interaction with the audience. Nurses have
opportunities to speak with groups of consumers
about health related topics, present scholarly work to
colleagues at conferences or lead classroom
discussions.
15. Verbal communication refers to the form of
communication in which message is transmitted
verbally. Objective of every communication is to have
people understand what we are trying to convey.
16. Oral Communication:
In oral communication, Spoken words are used. It
includes face-to-face conversations, speech, telephonic
conversation, video, radio, television, voice over
internet. In oral communication, communication is
influence by pitch, volume, speed and clarity of
speaking.
17. Advantages of Oral communication:
It brings quick feedback.
In a face-to-face conversation, by reading facial
expression and body language one can guess whether
he/she should trust what’s being said or not.
18. Nonverbal communication is the sending or receiving
of wordless messages. We can say that communication
other than oral and written, such as gesture, body
language, posture, tone of voice or facial
expressions, is called nonverbal
communication.Nonverbal communication is all
about the body language of speaker.
19. Nonverbal communication have the following three
elements:
Appearance
Speaker: clothing, hairstyle, neatness, use of cosmetics
Surrounding: room size, lighting, decorations,
furnishings
Body Language
facial expressions, gestures, postures
Sounds
Voice Tone, Volume, Speech rate
20. Written Communication
In written communication, written signs or symbols are
used to communicate. A written message may be
printed or hand written. In written communication
message can be transmitted via email, letter, report,
memo etc.
21. Advantages of written communication includes:
Messages can be edited and revised many time before it
is actually sent.
Written communication provide record
enables receiver to fully understand it and send
appropriate feedback.
Disadvantages of written communication includes:
Unlike oral communication, Written communication
doesn’t bring instant feedback.
It take more time in composing a written message
22. Changing topic without listening
Offering challenges
Too much advising
Belittling the patient will reinforce with
drawl features of client
23. Intimate zone( 0 to 18 inches):
1. Holding a crying infant
2. Performing physical assessment
3. Bathing, grooming, dressing, feeding a client
Personal zone(18 inches to 4 feet):
1. Sitting at client’s bedside
2. Taking the client’s nursing history
3. Exchanging information at change of shift
24. Social zone( 4 to 12 feet):
1. Making rounds with physician
2. Sitting at the head of the conference table
3. Teaching a class
4. Conducting family therapy
Public zone(12 feet and greater):
1. Speaking at a community forum
26. PRE- INTERACTION PHASE:
It begins before the nurse’s
first contact with the patient.
The nurse’s initial task is one
of self exploration.
27. TASKS DURING PRE-INTERACTIVE PHASE:
Explore own feeling, fantasies and fears.
Analyze own professional strengths and limitations.
Gather data about patient whenever possible.
Plan for first meeting with the client.
28. INTRODUCTORY OR ORIENTATION PHASE:
During this phase, the nurse sets the stage for one to
one relationship by becoming acquainted with the
patient. Both the nurse and the patient may
experience anxiety when they first meet. The reason
for seeking help forms the basis for nursing
assessment and helps the nurse to focus on the
patient’s problem and to determine patient
motivation.
29. TASKS DURING INTRODUCTORY PHASE:
Building trust and rapport.
therapeutic environment.
Establishing a mode of communication acceptable to
both the patient and nurse.
Initiating a therapeutic contract by establishing a time,
place and duration for each meeting
Assessing the patient’s strengths and weaknesses.
To explore patient’s perceptions, thoughts, feelings
and actions.
To identify patients pertinent problems.
To define mutual, specific goals with the client.
30. WORKING PHASE:
The nurse and the patient explore relevant stressors
and promote the development of insight in the patient
by linking perception, feelings, thoughts and actions.
The nurse helps the patient to master anxieties,
increase independence and self responsibility, and
develop constructive coping mechanisms.
Actual behavior change is the focus of this phase.
Patient usually displays resistance during this phase.
The patient begins to relax, trust the nurse.
31. TASKS IN WORKING PHASE:
Exploring perception of reality.
Developing positive coping behavior.
Identifying available support systems.
Promoting a positive self concept.
Encouraging verbalization of feelings.
Developing a realistic plan of action.
Implementing the plan of action.
Evaluating the results of plan of action.
Promoting independence.
32. TERMINATION PHASE:
It is the most difficult but most important phase of
therapeutic relationship. During the termination phase,
learning is maximized for both the patient and the nurse.
It is a time to exchange feelings and memories and to
evaluate mutually the patient’s progress and goal
attainment. sense of loss experienced by both the nurse
and the patient.
33. General ability e.g. ability to listen, interpret,
speak and express through writing
Special abilities
-Process the therapeutic interaction to attain the goals
-Ability to differentiate and follow when to be silent, speak,
smile, interact
-Ability to wait, proceed, speed
-Participates actively and maintains therapeutic nurse-
patient relationship
34. Not listening properly
Maintaining dominance
False hopes
Too much probing in to personal matters
Making stereotyped comments
35. Courtesy:
The nurses say hello and goodbye as a common courtesy.
Knocks the door before entering the room, uses self
introduction, addresses people by name, says thank
you and please.
Use of names:
Nurse’s failure to give a name indicate status or
acknowledge the client can create uncertainity about
interaction and convey an impersonl lack of
commitment or caring.
36. Privacy and confidentiality:
It is safe guard the client’s right to privacy by carefully
protecting information of the client. Gossiping
violates nursing ethical codes and standards.
Trustworthiness:
Being trustworthy means helping others without
hesitating. To foster trust the nurse communicates
warmth, demonstrates consistency, reliability and
honesty.
37. Autonomy and responsibility:
It is the ability to be self directed in accomplishing the
goals. Nurses can take initiative for problem solving.
Nurses support client autonomy by respecting the
person’s rights, values and decisions.
38. Follow certain limitations .
Avoid too personal involvement .
Ambiguity and misunderstanding with other staff has
to be avoided.
Avoid adverse feelings.
Ethics and moral principles have to be followed
