1. OWL 2 Web Ontology Language individual value ObjectHasValue
(P a)
_:x rdf:type owl:Restriction.
_:x owl:onProperty P.
2.2 Properties
Quick Reference Guide _:x owl:hasValue a. Object Property Expressions
local reflexivity ObjectHasSelf _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. named object property PN PN
http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/refcard (P) _:x owl:onProperty P. universal object property owl:topObjectProperty owl:topObjectProperty
_:x owl:hasSelf "true"^^xsd:boolean. empty object property owl:bottomObjectProperty owl:bottomObjectProperty
exact cardinality ObjectExactCardinality _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction.
1 Names, Prefixes, and Notation (n P) _:x owl:onProperty P.
inverse property ObjectInverseOf(PN) _:x owl:inverseOf PN
_:x owl:cardinality n. Data Property Expressions
Names in OWL 2 are IRIs, often written in a shorthand prefix:localname,
qualified exact ObjectExactCardinality _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. named data property R R
where prefix: is a prefix name that expands to an IRI, and localname is the remainder of
cardinality (n P C) _:x owl:onProperty P. universal data property owl:topDataProperty owl:topDataProperty
the name. The prefix names in OWL 2 are: _:x owl:qualifiedCardinality n. empty data property owl:bottomDataProperty owl:bottomDataProperty
_:x owl:onClass C.
Prefix Name Expansion maximum ObjectMaxCardinality _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction.
rdf: http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns# cardinality (n P) _:x owl:onProperty P. 2.3 Individuals & Literals
rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# _:x owl:minCardinality n.
owl: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl# named individual aN aN
qualified ObjectMaxCardinality _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. anonymous individual _:a _:a
xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# maximum (n P C) _:x owl:onProperty P. literal (datatype value) "abc"^^DN "abc"^^DN
cardinality _:x owl:minQualifiedCardinality n.
We use notation conventions in the following tables*: _:x owl:onClass C. 2.4 Data Ranges
Letters Meaning Letters Meaning minimum ObjectMinCardinality _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction.
(a1 … an) RDF list n non-negative integer** cardinality (n P) _:x owl:onProperty P. Data Range Expressions
_:a anonymous individual ON ontology name _:x owl:maxCardinality n.
qualified ObjectMinCardinality _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. named datatype DN DN
(a blank node label)
minimum (n P C) _:x owl:onProperty P. data range DataComplementOf _:x rdf:type rdfs:Datatype.
_:x blank node P object property expression
cardinality _:x owl:maxQualifiedCardinality n. complement (D) _:x owl:datatypeComplementOf D.
a individual p prefix name
_:x owl:onClass C. data range DataIntersectionOf _:x rdf:type rdfs:Datatype.
A annotation property PN object property name
intersection (D1…Dn) _:x owl:intersectionOf (D1…Dn).
aN individual name R data property
Data Property Restrictions data range union DataUnionOf _:x rdf:type rdfs:Datatype.
C class expression s IRI or anonymous individual
(D1…Dn) _:x owl:unionOf (D1…Dn).
CN class name t IRI, anonymous individual, or universal DataAllValuesFrom _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. literal DataOneOf _:x rdf:type rdfs:Datatype.
literal (R D) _:x owl:onProperty R. enumeration (v1 … vn) _:x owl:oneOf ( v1 … vn ).
D data range U IRI
_:x owl:allValuesFrom D. datatype DatatypeRestriction _:x rdf:type rdfs:Datatype.
DN datatype name v literal
existential DataSomeValuesFrom _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. restriction (DN f1 v1 … fn vn) _:x owl:onDatatype DN.
f facet
(R D) _:x owl:onProperty R. _:x owl:withRestrictions (_:x1 ... _:xn).
* All of the above can have subscripts. _:x owl:someValuesFrom D. _:xj fj vj. j=1…n
** As a shorthand for "n"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger literal value DataHasValue _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction.
(R v) _:x owl:onProperty R. 2.5 Axioms
2 OWL 2 constructs and axioms _:x owl:hasValue v.
exact cardinality DataExactCardinality _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. Class Expression Axioms
In the following tables, the three columns are: (n R) _:x owl:onProperty R. subclass SubClassOf(C1 C2) C1 rdfs:subClassOf C2.
Language Feature Functional Syntax RDF Syntax (Turtle) _:x owl:cardinality n. equivalent classes EquivalentClasses Cj owl:equivalentClass Cj+1.
For an OWL 2 DL ontology, there are additional global restrictions on axioms. qualified exact DataExactCardinality _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. (C1 … Cn) j=1…n-1
cardinality (n R D) _:x owl:onProperty R. disjoint classes DisjointClasses(C1 C2) C1 owl:disjointWith C2.
_:x owl:qualifiedCardinality n. pairwise disjoint DisjointClasses _:x rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses.
2.1 Class Expressions _:x owl:onDataRange D. classes (C1 … Cn) _:x owl:members ( C1 … Cn ).
maximum DataMaxCardinality _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. disjoint union DisjointUnionOf CN owl:disjointUnionOf ( C1 …Cn ).
Predefined and Named Classes cardinality (n R) _:x owl:onProperty R. (CN C1 … Cn)
named class CN CN _:x owl:maxCardinality n.
universal class owl:Thing owl:Thing qualified DataMaxCardinality _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. Object Property Axioms
empty class owl:Nothing owl:Nothing maximum (n R D) _:x owl:onProperty R.
cardinality _:x owl:maxQualifiedCardinality n. subproperty SubObjectPropertyOf P1 rdfs:subPropertyOf P2.
Boolean Connectives and Enumeration of Individuals _:x owl:onDataRange D. (P1 P2)
minimum DataMinCardinality _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. property chain SubObjectPropertyOf P owl:propertyChainAxiom
intersection ObjectIntersectionOf _:x rdf:type owl:Class. cardinality (n R) _:x owl:onProperty R. inclusion (ObjectPropertyChain (P1 … Pn).
(C1…Cn) _:x owl:intersectionOf ( C1…Cn ). _:x owl:minCardinality n. (P1 … Pn) P)
union ObjectUnionOf _:x rdf:type owl:Class. qualified DataMinCardinality _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. property domain ObjectPropertyDomain P rdfs:domain C.
(C1 … Cn) _:x owl:unionOf ( C1 … Cn ). minimum (n R D) _:x owl:onProperty R. (P C)
complement ObjectComplementOf _:x rdf:type owl:Class. cardinality _:x owl:minQualifiedCardinality n. property range ObjectPropertyRange P rdfs:range C.
(C) _:x owl:complementOf C. _:x owl:onDataRange D. (P C)
enumeration ObjectOneOf _:x rdf:type owl:Class. equivalent EquivalentObjectProperties Pj owl:equivalentProperty Pj+1.
(a1 … an) _:x owl:oneOf ( a1 … an ). Restrictions Using n-ary Data Range properties (P1 … Pn) j=1…n-1
disjoint properties DisjointObjectProperties P1 owl:propertyDisjointWith P2.
Object Property Restrictions In the following table 'Dn' is an n-ary data range. (P1 P2)
n-ary universal DataAllValuesFrom _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. pairwise disjoint DisjointObjectProperties _:x rdf:type
universal ObjectAllValuesFrom _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. (R1 … Rn Dn) _:x owl:onProperties ( R1 … Rn ). properties (P1 … Pn) owl:AllDisjointProperties.
(P C) _:x owl:onProperty P. _:x owl:allValuesFrom Dn. _:x owl:members ( P1 … Pn ).
_:x owl:allValuesFrom C n-ary DataSomeValuesFrom _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. inverse properties InverseObjectProperties P1 owl:inverseOf P2.
existential ObjectSomeValuesFrom _:x rdf:type owl:Restriction. existential (R1 … Rn Dn) _:x owl:onProperties ( R1 … Rn). (P1 P2)
(P C) _:x owl:onProperty P. _:x owl:someValuesFrom Dn. functional FunctionalObjectProperty P rdf:type
_:x owl:someValuesFrom C
property (P) owl:FunctionalProperty.

2. inverse InverseFunctionalObjectProperty P rdf:type 2.7 Annotations 3 Built-in Datatypes and Facets
functional (P) owl:InverseFunctionalProperty.
property Annotations
reflexive ReflexiveObjectProperty P rdf:type owl:ReflexiveProperty. 3.1 Built-in Datatypes
property (P) annotation assertion AnnotationAssertion s A t.
(A s t) Universal rdfs:Literal
irreflexive IrreflexiveObjectProperty P rdf:type owl:IrreflexiveProperty.
annotation of an axiom AXIOM(Annotation _:xi A t. Datatype
property (P)
(where the axiom in (A t) …) si U ti. Numbers owl:rational owl:real
symmetric SymmetricObjectProperty P rdf:type
RDF is one or more … xsd:double xsd:float xsd:decimal xsd:integer
property (P) owl:SymmetricProperty.
triples of the form si U ti, _:xi rdf:type owl:Axiom. xsd:long xsd:int xsd:short xsd:byte
asymmetric AsymmetricObjectProperty P rdf:type
i.e., with the same _:xi owl:annotatedSource si. xsd:nonNegativeInteger xsd:nonPositiveInteger
property (P) owl:AsymmetricProperty.
predicate U.) _:xi owl:annotatedProperty U. xsd:positiveInteger xsd:negativeInteger
transitive TransitiveObjectProperty P rdf:type owl:TransitiveProperty.
_:xi owl:annotatedTarget ti. xsd:unsignedLong xsd:unsignedInt
property (P)
annotation of an axiom AXIOM(Annotation _:x A t. xsd:unsignedShort xsd:unsignedByte
Data Property Axioms (where the axiom in (A t) … ) _:x U t1. Strings rdf:PlainLiteral (RDF plain literals)
RDF is _:x U t1) … xsd:string xsd:NCName xsd:Name xsd:NMTOKEN
subproperty SubDataPropertyOf(R1 R2) R1 rdfs:subPropertyOf R2. xsd:token xsd:language xsd:normalizedString
annotation of another Annotation(Annotation _:x A t.
property domain DataPropertyDomain(R C) R rdfs:domain C. Boolean Values xsd:boolean (value space: true and false)
annotation (A t) … A1 t1) s1 A1 t1.
property range DataPropertyRange(R D) R rdfs:range D. (the other annotation in … Binary Data xsd:base64Binary xsd:hexBinary
equivalent EquivalentDataProperties Rj owl:equivalentProperty Rj+1. RDF starts with s1) _:x rdf:type owl:Annotation. IRIs xsd:anyURI
properties (R1 … Rn) j=1…n-1 _:x owl:annotatedSource s1. Time Instants xsd:dateTime (optional time zone offset)
disjoint properties DisjointDataProperties R1 owl:propertyDisjointWith R2. _:x owl:annotatedProperty A1. xsd:dateTimeStamp (required time zone offset)
(R1 R2) _:x owl:annotatedTarget t1. XML Literals rdf:XMLLiteral
pairwise disjoint DisjointDataProperties _:x rdf:type
properties (R1 … Rn) owl:AllDisjointProperties. Annotation Properties
_:x owl:members ( R1 … Rn ). 3.2 Facets
functional FunctionalDataProperty(R) R rdf:type named A A Facet Value Applicable Explanation
property owl:FunctionalProperty. annotation Datatypes
property
Datatype Definitions xsd:minInclusive literal in the Numbers, Restricts the value-space
human-readable rdfs:label rdfs:label
xsd:maxInclusive corresponding Time Instants to greater than (equal to)
name
datatype definition DatatypeDefinition(DN D) DN owl:equivalentClass D. xsd:minExclusive datatype or lesser than (equal to) a
human-readable rdfs:comment rdfs:comment
xsd:maxExclusive value
Assertions comment
xsd:minLength Non-negative Strings, Restricts the value-space
additional rdfs:seeAlso rdfs:seeAlso
individual equality SameIndividual(a1 … an) aj owl:sameAs aj+1. j=1…n-1 xsd:maxLength integer Binary Data, based on the
information
individual DifferentIndividuals(a1 a2) a1 owl:differentFrom a2. xsd:length IRIs lengths of the literals
defining agent rdfs:isDefinedBy rdfs:isDefinedBy
inequality xsd:pattern xsd:string literal Strings, Restricts the value space
version owl:versionInfo owl:versionInfo
pairwise individual DifferentIndividuals _:x rdf:type owl:AllDifferent. as a regular IRIs to literals that> match the
information
inequality (a1 … an) _:x owl:members (a1 … an). expression regular expression
deprecation owl:deprecated owl:deprecated
class assertion ClassAssertion(C a) a rdf:type C. rdf:langRange xsd:string literal rdf:PlainLiteral Restricts the value space
backwards owl:backwardCompatibleWith owl:backwardCompatibleWith
positive object ObjectPropertyAssertion a1 PN a2. as a regular to literals with language
compatibility
property assertion (PN a1 a2 ) expression tags that match the
incompatibility owl:incompatibleWith owl:incompatibleWith
positive data DataPropertyAssertion a R v. regular expression
prior version owl:priorVersion owl:priorVersion
property assertion (R a v )
negative object NegativeObjectPropertyAssertion _:x rdf:type Annotation Axioms A HTML version of the guide is at http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-quick-reference/
property (P a1 a2 ) owl:NegativePropertyAssertion.
assertion _:x owl:sourceIndividual a1. annotation SubAnnotationPropertyOf(A1 A2) A1 rdfs:subPropertyOf A2. Copyright © 2008-2009 W3C® (MIT, ERCIM, Keio), All Rights Reserved.
_:x owl:assertionProperty P. subproperties W3C Document License: http://w3.org/brief/MTQ4
_:x owl:targetIndividual a2. annotation AnnotationPropertyDomain(A U) A rdfs:domain U. W3C liability, trademark and document use rules apply.
negative data NegativeDataPropertyAssertion _:x rdf:type property domain
property (R a v ) owl:NegativePropertyAssertion. annotation AnnotationPropertyRange(A U) A rdfs:range U. Editors:
assertion _:x owl:sourceIndividual a. property range Jie Bao, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
_:x owl:assertionProperty R. Elisa F. Kendall, Sandpiper Software, Inc.
_:x owl:targetValue v. 2.8 Ontologies Deborah L. McGuinness, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Bell Labs Research, Alcatel-Lucent
Keys OWL ontology Ontology([ON [U]] ON rdf:type owl:Ontology. Contributors:
(importing)1 2 Import(ON1)... [ON owl:versionIRI U.] Li Ding, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Key HasKey(C (P1 … Pm) (R1 … Rn) ) C owl:hasKey (P1 … Pm R1 … Rn). Annotation(A t) ON owl:imports ON1. Ankesh Khandelwal, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
m+n>0 ... ...
) ON A t. Reference card formatting by Jie Bao
2.6 Declarations ...
prefix declaration3 Prefix(p=U) @prefix p U. Version 0.12, Oct 16 2009
class Declaration( Class( CN ) ) CN rdf:type owl:Class. Based on the 22 September 2009 Proposed Recommendation
datatype Declaration( Datatype( DN ) ) DN rdf:type rdfs:Datatype. 1. [ ] represents optional constructs
object Declaration( ObjectProperty( PN ) ) PN rdf:type 2. in the RDF syntax _:x is used in place of ON if there is no ontology name ON.
property owl:ObjectProperty. 3. RDF syntax is in Turtle, other RDF serializations may vary.
data Declaration( DataProperty( R ) ) R rdf:type
property owl:DatatypeProperty.
annotation Declaration A rdf:type
property ( AnnotationProperty( A ) ) owl:AnnotationProperty.
named Declaration aN rdf:type
individual ( NamedIndividual( aN ) ) owl:NamedIndividual.