Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on February 23 and 24, 2017 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City

1. Mushroom Production and
Cultivation in Bicol Region,
Philippines
PEDRO F. OLIVER,MSc.
Science Research Specialist/Regional
Focal Person on Mushroom Project

2. Mushroom
Decomposer;
Has the ability to fruit on a
single component substrate;
Makes it ideal for
cultivation as cash crop.

3. Mushroom Life Cycle

4. Parts of Volvariela Mushroom
CAP
STIPE/STALK
VOLVA
GILLS

6. Benefits in Mushroom
PROTEIN 2 to 5% of their fresh weight
19.35 % of dry weight
AMINO ACIDS Contains 9 essential amino acids for body
health
FATS 0.6 – 3.0 % of dry weight
VITAMINS B-complex, pro-vitamin D2 and vitamin C
MINERAL 56-70% of ash content
FIBER 7.4-27.6%
NUCLEIC ACID 4.0% -from fresh form only

7. Rice - 7.3 %
Protein Comparison – dry weight basis
Soya bean –
19.7 %
Corn – 9.4 %
=
Mushroom=
19.35 %
MILK 3.5
BEEF 18 %

8. Benefits in Mushroom

9. Source: Bureau of Agricultural Statistics

10. Imports
Hongkong, Taiwan, China, Malaysia, Japan, Korea,
Thailand, Singapore, US, Belgium, and Germany
Total volume of imports =98,537.79 MT
CIF value of US $5,950,399.

11. As of 2014 :
Other vegetables including mushroom Per Capita -
0.23 grams/day except children below 5 years old
Source: FNRI
Assumption is 0.05 grams per day:
As of 2014 = Population = 100,096,496
Demand/day = 5,004,825 kg/day
DEMAND One year = 1,826, 761,052 kg/year =
1,826,761MT/year
Prospect of mushroom in Philippines

12. Individual Farmer (Small-
scale)
Neighbors
30%
Village/
Town Public
Market
70%
Consumers
• Mushroom market in the Philippines: Segmented market by
Large-scale and small scale producers
Large-Scale Producer
Neighbours
5%
Fresh
Vegetable
Dealer 20%
Leading
Supermarket (75 %)
Consumer

13. Types of Mushroom

14. Tenga ng Daga
Wood rotten mushroom

15. Shiitake
Wood rotten mushroom

16. King Oyster
Wood rotten mushroom

17. Winter mushroom
Wood rotten mushroom

18. Pleurotus Abalunus/
Abalone Mushroom

19. Leaf littermushroom
Straw mushroom/kabuteng
dayami-saging

20. Leaf littermushroom
Button mushroom

21. Introduced variety from India
Milky mushroom

22. Growing temperature
Oyster/pleurotus: best if not more than 28°C
Kabuteng saging /paddy mushroom, Milky
mushrooms – minimum temperature = 30°C; optimal
temperature, 37°C;
Button, Shiitake and King oyster : Cold temperature,
Baguio
- Seasonal production of shiitake in Tagaytay and
other highlands

23. Advantages of
Mushroom Farming
Mushroom Farming - very important cottage industry activity
in the rural development program
- it leads economic betterment of small
farmers, landless laborers and other weak
section of communities
Advantages:
1. Reduce environmental pollution
2. Means of generating employment
3. It provides additional quality of life
4. It is a good cash crop

24. CONSIDERATIONS FOR SITE SELECTION OF GROWING
MUSHROOM
• Distance to market,
• Availability of substrate material,
• Transportation of both product and
substrate materials,
• Climatic conditions have to suit the
cultivated mushroom,
• Availability of clean water

25. The growing area should provide suitable
environmental conditions
 Temperature,
 ventilation,
 Sufficient light (through ventilation)

26. Mushroom Cultivation Technology

27. Mushroom Cultivation Technology
(Wood Rotten Mushroom)
Step 1:
Tissue Culture

28. Step 2. PAGGAWA NG BINHING PANTANIM
GRAIN SPAWN PRODUCTION
Pakuluan ang mga butil/
Boil the grains
Sorghum – 20 – 25 minutes
Crack corn – 5 minutes
Palay – 40 minutes
Kahit anong mga butil na maliliit/Any small grains

29. Ilatag sa papel at Ilagay sa bote ang pinakulong
butil/ bottle the boiled grains

30. Ilagay sa bote ang pinakulong butil/
bottle the boiled grains

31. Takpan ng bulak at papel at talian ng goma

32. Pasingawan ang naiboteng mga bote/
Sterilize the bottled grains
Autoclave/Pressure cooker – 1 hour
Drum or big casserole – 3 hours

33. Step 2. Spawn production
Tamnan ng purong binhi/
Inoculate with mushroom mycelia

34. Step 2. Spawn production
Improvised inoculating chamber

35. 5 day-old Inoculated grains

36. Ready grain spawn

37. Step 3. Substrate production –
Any of the following raw materials:
Sawdust /kusot Rice straw/dayami
Add:
Molasses/brown sugar – 1%
Darak– 10-20 % Lime – 1%

38. Step 3. Substrate production –
2 Types of Fermentation :
Long Method – under the sun and rain for
more than 6 months to years
Short Method – 21 days with the addition of
supplements with plastic cover over the heap
and turning over every 2 days

39. Step 3. Substrate production – Fermentation of materials
Mixing of materials
Cover with plastic or
canvass for
fermentation for 2
weeks to 21 days
- turning the mixture
every two days

41. Characteristics of good
composted or fermented
substrate
Dark brown or chocolate in color
Smell should be without ammonia (not acidic)

42. Manual Bagging

43. Pagpapasingaw
/Pasteurization/Boiling
Aultoclave – 1 hour
Drum 6-8 hours

45. Pagtatanim ng butong binhi
/Inoculation

46. Step 4. Pagpapagulang ng fruiting bags
Incubation period 30-45 days

47. Step 5. Pagpapabunga/ Production

50. Mushroom Cultivation Technology
SUMMARY
(Wood Rotten Mushroom)

52. Species Cultivation method
Lentinus edodes Wood logs
Lentinus edodes plastic bag cultivation
Pleurotus species All
Volvariella volvacea Out and indoors
Agaricus Fermented and pasteurized
Plastic bag cultivation
Auricularia Wood logs
Plastic bag cultivation
Flammulina (winter mushroom) Plastic bags/bottles cultivation
Ganoderma lucidum Plastic bags cultivation
Cultivation method and common substrates being used for the final spawn of different
mushroom species
Source: Cultivation of edible mushrooms in tropical agricultural wastes

53. Summary of Mushroom CultivationTechnology
Fruiting Bag Cultivation/ Artificial Log Cultivation
– all species of oyster (white
oyster, gray oyster, pink
oyster, king oyster, abalone
and etc..), tenga ng daga,
winter mushroom, shiitake

54. Summary of Mushroom CultivationTechnology
Bed cultivation (indoor) – straw and button
(outdoor) – Straw mushroom

55. Summary of Mushroom CultivationTechnology
Log cultivation– tenga ng daga and shiitake
Crib stack
High A- Frame

57. Thank you for listening…..