UG_20090206_vanBeeck

von Karman Institute activities
for
SBO Project CarParks

Jeroen van Beeck
von Karman Institute
Sint-Genesius-Rode
www.vki.ac.be
Meeting Place: WFRGent
Date: 6-2-2009, 11:00 - 17:00 1/22
SBO Project CarParks 6/2/2009 WRFGent

von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics

VKI ACTIVITIES
Education programs for graduate and undergraduate students.
Organization of 10 Lecture Series / year.
Consultant activities for industry.

2/22


VKI DEPARTMENTS

Aerospace and Aeronautics Department
Environmental and Applied Fluid Dynamics Department
Turbomachinery and Propulsion Department

Wind speed-up around new Belgian Pressure tap model of new Belgian
Antarctic building Antarctic building

CFD simulations Laboratory tests

3/22


VKI LARGE SCALE FACILITIES

Subsonic Wind Tunnel (3m, 60m/s) Hypersonic Wind Tunnel (Mach 14, 2500K)

High Pressure Turbine Stage (1 MW) Plasmatron (1.2 MW, Mach 2, 10000K)4/22

Scotch Gambit of Panamarenko in front of VKI on the occasion of its 50th Anniversary 1956-2006

– AERONAUTICS & AEROSPACE
• Hypersonic Aero-thermodynamics
• Mars Reentry Vehicles, Arianne Launchers, Man-in-space

– ENVIRONMENTAL & APPLIED FLUID DYNAMICS
• Wind Loading, Wind Comfort, Pollutant Dispersion, Wind Energy
• Multiphase Flows with Smoke, Bubbles, Snow & heat transfer
• Aero-acoustics
• Biological Flows

– TURBOMACHINERY & PROPULSION
• Unsteady Flows in Turbines, Compressors and Pumps Sint-Genesius-Rode
• Film Cooling and Optimization of Turbine Blades www.vki.ac.be
• Micro-turbines SBO Project CarParks 6/2/2009 WRFGent


VKI activities for CarParks

• Characterization of Sprinkler systems

• Small-scale wind tunnel tests

• Full-scale field tests

• Development of Large-Scale PIV for field tests

6/22


Sprinkler Characterization
Phase Doppler Anemometry @ VKI Water Spray Facility WS-1

droplet size and velocity distributions & mass flow rates

7/22


Small-scale wind tunnel tests

• Car park building, scale +/-1:20 -> 1.5m x 1.5m x 0.16m, CFD validation

• Fire simulated by Helium gas source

• Quantities to be monitored:
– air velocity field using standard PIV;
– Helium concentration by hot wire aspiration probes.

• The parameters to be studied:
– Helium flow rate;
– External wind velocity;
– Wind direction;
– Jet fan speed.

8/22


VKI L-1B WIND TUNNEL, 20m x 3m x 2m

Umax= 60 m/s
9/22


Field tests

Equipment:
– thermocouples for temperature measurements;
– video equipment for registration of smoke movement -> LS PIV;
– hot-spheres for gas velocity;
– For the smoke density database, the installed smoke detectors will
give valuable information for the database. LS PIV could possibly
yield quantitative information on smoke density as well.

Parameters:
– Obstacles for smoke movement such as downstands, columns,
smoke curtains;
– Ventilation flow rate of the axial jet and induction fans;
– hot flow tests with a pool fire; influence of different types of smoke
extraction devices.

10/22


PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY (PIV)

CAMERA records particle image field on V=Δx / t2-t1
time t1 and t2, e.g. when laser pulses (1 vector / interrogation cell)

2D or 3D velocity field of an instantaneous spatial flow structure


ANNULAR VORTICES IN A JET

12/22



13/22


PIV IMAGE PROCESSING
Image Windowing
Interrogation Search
window Window

time t1 time t2
14/22


PIV IMAGE PROCESSING

S31

r S19
S25

to
δ to+Δt S13

S7

1

4

7

10

13

16
S1

19

22

25

28

31
V=δ/Δt
Window displacement δ via maximum in cross-correlation function:
N N
∑ ∑ I (i , j ) ⋅ S (i − m , j − n )
R (m , n ) =
i = − N j= − N
N N N N
∑ ∑ I 2
(i , j ) ⋅ ∑ ∑ ⋅ S 2 (i , j )
i = − N j= − N i = − N j= − N

15/22



16/22



17/22

INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY FIELD

18/22

VORTICITY FIELD

19/22

VORTICITY + VELOCITY

20/22


Large Scale PIV
PIV is often applied to heat- Field of View: 1m X 1.3 m
induced flows because it is a non-
intrusive technique that is capable
of measuring very low velocities at
any temperature conditions.

The current limitation is the
maximum size of the flow-field of
30 cm x 30 cm because of the loss
of resolution of tracers.

Large Scale PIV (LS PIV) has been
developed to overcome these
limitations: A pattern recognition
technique is applied to images of
flow structures instead to images Von Karman vortices downstream a cylinder
of tracer dots 16 cm diameter - Free stream velocity 0.23 m/s

21/22


VKI personnel involved in CarParks
Jeroen van Beeck, Associate Professor (NL)

Istvan Horvath, Ph.D candidate (H)

Rosaria Vetrano, Research Engineer (It)

Philippe Planquart, Research Engineer (B)

Guillaume Diquas, Industrial Engineer (B)

VKI Technicians for wind tunnel model construction and help in
field tests

22/22

UG_20090206_vanBeeck

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