overview of Middle Ages

1. The Middle Ages

2. Critical Intro:
Who was the first major group to unify after the fall of Rome?
What were the advantages of that group converting to
Christianity?

3. Critical Intro:
Why were the Middle Ages called the “Dark Ages”? Be specific and
clear.

4. Critical Intro:
Which of the invaders, Vikings, Magyars, or Angles and
Saxons, had the farthest reach and expansion? Explain/Defend

5. Self-Sufficient Feudal Manor of the Middle Ages

6. Feudalism in the Middle Ages
Social structure
Feudalism = Social, economic, & military system
of the Middle Ages.
•Feudalism is based on the exchange of land for
loyalty/protection.
How did invasions by the
Angles, Saxons, Magyars, &
Vikings influence the
development of Europe?
1. Manors with castles
provided protection
from invaders;
reinforced feudal
system.
2. Trade & towns
declined; also
reinforced feudal
system.
King
Peasants/Serfs
Knights
Church
Officials
Powerful
nobles

7. Feudal Society
During the Middle
Ages
Fief
SerfsFeudal Obligations
Vassal
Piece of land granted to
a vassal in exchange for
loyalty
Person receiving a fief
from a higher lord/noble
Duties required of a
vassal in his loyalty to
his lord
Peasants restricted to a
specific manor

8. Lords and Vassals
• Reading and questions

9. Big Question:
How did invasions by the:
- Angles & Saxons (continental
Europe to England)
- Magyars (Central Asia to
Eastern Europe), &
- Vikings (Scandinavia to Europe
& Russia)
influence the development of
Europe?
Task:
1.Create a key for the 3 groups of invaders
2.Shade points of origin
3.Draw arrows showing invasion routes

11. Areas of Settlement of Invaders
1. Manors with castles
provided protection from
invaders; reinforced feudal
system.
2. Trade & towns declined;
also reinforced feudal
system.
Influence of the Angles,
Saxons, Magyars & Vikings?
- Angles & Saxons migrated from
continental Europe to England
- Magyars migrated from Central Asia
to Hungary
- Vikings migrated from Scandinavia to
Russia, Europe & westward.

13. The
Vikings

14. Viking Longship
The Key to Viking Expansion and Success

17. Viking Expansion

19. How and why did the Roman
Catholic Church grow in importance
during the Middle Ages?
Roman secular authority
declined, while church
authority grew.
Monasteries preserved
Greco-Roman
achievements.
Missionaries carried
Christianity & Latin
alphabet to German tribes
In 800 A.D. Pope
anointed Charlemagne
Holy Roman Emperor.
Priests served religious &
social needs of the
people.
Roman Catholic Church Becomes Unifying Force in Western Europe

20. Importance of Church Scholars
During the Middle Ages
We were among the
very few who could
read and write
We did our work
in monasteries
We translated
Greek and Arabic
works into Latin.
We made new medical
& scientific knowledge
available in Europe
We laid the foundation
for the rise of
Universities in Europe

22. Illuminated manuscript of the Middle Ages

23. Illuminated manuscripts of the Middle Ages

25. Charlemagne “Charles the Great”
The Greatest Ruler of the Middle Ages
Charlemagne’s Empire

26. The Age Charlemagne “Charles the Great”
The Greatest Ruler of the Middle Ages
Franks united under
Clovis and adopted
Christianity – A.D.
511
Charlemagne
inherited a strong
Frankish kingdom
Revives learning
throughout his
empire! And
spreads Christianity.
He created a massive
European Empire
Charlemagne’s
Empire divides after
his death
He is crowned Holy
Roman Emperor
= to Byzantine
Emperors
Churches, roads,
schools built to unite
the empire
Power of church
established in
political life

27. Charlemagne’s Empire

28. The division of Charlemagne’s Empire – Treaty of Verdun

29. Warm Up: In your own words; define the Crusades.

30. Warm Up: Write one sentence connecting the Crusades
to the Renaissance.

31. The Crusades

32. Pope Urban calls for 1st
Crusade - 1096

33. Leader of Seljuk Turks
Retakes Jerusalem
Crusader States Established
after 1st
Crusade
Video

34. The Crusades: Christians vs. Muslims: A fight for the Holy Land – 1096 - 1270
The Crusades – a series of military expeditions fighting for
control of the Middle East “Holy Land” - Christian armies of
Europe vs. Muslim armies
Key Events of the Crusades
- 1093 – Byzantine emperor sends an appeal to
the west to help against Muslim Turks.
- Pope Urban’s Speech – call for a “Holy War”
- Capture of Jerusalem – 1st
Crusade
- Founding of Crusader States
- Loss of Jerusalem to Saladin – leader of
Seljuk Turks
- Crusaders sack Constantinople – 4th
Crusade
Effects of the Crusades
- weakened the Pope & nobles; strengthened kings
Why?
- left legacy of bitterness among Christians, Jews, & Muslims
Why?
- weakened the Byzantine Empire
How?
Economic Effects of the Crusades
- Increased demand for Middle Eastern products
- Stimulated production of goods to trade in Middle Eastern
markets.
- Encouraged use of credit and banking (adopted from Muslims)
- Helped begin the Renaissance in Italy!
Why was the 1st
Crusade considered the most successful?
Use the “Economic” info. to write 1 sentence explaining the
connection between the Crusades and the beginning of the
Renaissance in Italy

35. Sacking of Constantinople: 4th
CrusadeVideo

36. Critical Intro:
How did the Black Death help bring the feudal
system to an end?

39. The Black Death
The Bubonic Plague sweeps through Europe
Impact of the Black Death
Decline in church influence Decline in population
Towns freed from feudal
obligations
Disruption of trade
Scarcity of labor

40. The Black Death
The Bubonic Plague sweeps through Europe
Use pages 357-359 to answer the following questions
1. What deadly disease spread through Europe starting in 1347? ______________________________________
2. What was the eventual death toll? ___________________________
3. What was the disease known as?____________________________
4. From which region did this disease originate?__________________
5. Briefly describe the transmission of the disease. _________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
_
6. What were some economic effects of the plague?
_________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. How did the image of the church change because of the plague?
_____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
___
Impact of the Black Death

41. Critical Intro:
Which group were the founders of the
region of Normandy, in northern
France.

42. Critical Intro:
The Hundred Years War helped to
solidify the formation of which two
countries?

44. The Formation of European Nation-States
in the late Medieval period
Pgs. 352-354
England
1. Who invades England in 1066? William the Conqueror
2. Where was he from? Normandy in northern France
• What battle was fought for control of England? Battle of Hastings
• Who won? William and the Normans
• How did this event change the governing of England? William’s control over England
laid the foundation for centralized government.
King Henry II – 1154-1189
• What new legal idea did King Henry introduce? jury trials
• The collection of court rulings became known as what? Common Law
• What was the long-term impact of these rulings? This common law was the basis for law
in many countries including the U.S.
The Magna Carta
• What was the most celebrated document in English history? The Magna Carta
• Which English king was forced to sign this document in 1215? King John
• How did this document impact the king’s power? It limited the king’s powers while
guaranteeing basic political rights for individuals.
France
• Who began the Capetian dynasty in France in 987? Hugh Capet
• The Capetians controlled which key city in Northern France? Paris
• Eventually the Capetians would grow enough royal power to do what? unite France

45. Norman Conquest of England
William the Conqueror invades
England
Battle of Hastings

46. The Magna Carta –
Signed by King John
of England – 1215
•Limited the king’s
power
•Expanded rights to the
individual

48. The Hundred Years War – pgs. 359-361
1. The Hundred Years War lasted from 1337 to 1453 and involved the two growing nations of England
and France.
2. Which new weapon had a significant impact on the battles in this war? Longbow
• Who eventually wins this war? France
• What new feeling did the war give birth to in both countries? Nationalism; the idea of country with
strong central leadership.
Joan of Arc unifies the French – pgs. 360-361
1. Joan of Arc was a hero for which side in the Hundred Years War? France
2. She claimed divine voices spoke to her. What did these voices instruct her to do? Drive the English out
of France & crown France’s true king.
3. At which famous battle/siege did Joan of Arc lead the French to victory? Orleans
4. Joan helps unite the French against the English and turn the tide of the war, but what is her eventual
fate? Captured by the English, charged with heresy & burned at the stake

49. Hundred Years War – England vs. France

51. The English Longbow

52. Joan of Arc
Unifier of France
during
Hundred Years War

53. Joan of Arc
Leads French to victory
at Orleans

54. 54
Joan of Arc at Orleans

55. 55
Joan of Arc
Found guilty of witchcraft
and heresy, is burned at the
stake

56. Spain unified under Ferdinand and Isabella
“The Catholic Monarchs” 1469
- Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of
Castile unified Spain through political
marriage.
- They set out to make Roman Catholicism
the dominant religion of Spain.
- Their Spanish Inquisition expelled &
killed Jews and Muslim Moors from Spain.

57. Russia and Ivan the Great – 1462-1505
• What would the Russian state become under Ivan III? An
empire
• Ivan III was the first to begin calling himself what? Czar
• Since the 1200s, the Russian states had been controlled by
which group of East Asian invaders? Mongols
• What does Ivan do in 1480 to give Russia its independence?
He refuses to pay the tribute to the Mongols. Bloodless standoff
ends in Mongol withdraw.
• After this event in 1480, what could the Russian Czars openly
pursue? An empire
Ivan III –
“The Great”