The document provides a table of contents and explanations of various Spanish grammar topics including:
- The difference between "que" and "cual"
- How to use "ser" and "estar"
- The verb "gustar" and how it works
- Common transition words
- Conjugations for the preterite and imperfect tenses
- Triggers that indicate the imperfect tense
- Expressions using "hacer" and reflexive verbs
- Commands using the "tú" form and placement of objects
Extensible Python: Robustness through Addition - PyCon 2024
Grammar book 2007
1.
2. Table of Contents
Ser- Doctor Ped Tú commands
Que vs. Cual Affirmative
Estar- Helping Negative
Gustar Irregulars
Transitions DOP placement
Imperfect Preterite
Triggers
Acabar de + inf
Hacer Expressions
Verbos Gustar
Reflexives
3. Que vs. Cual
Que Cual
•Used when asking for definitions •Usually used before “es” and other Ser
forms when not seeking a definition
•Used mostly before nouns
•Singular and plural form and the same
4. -Soy
-Eres
Ser
-Es
-Son
-Somos
D ESCRIPTIONS
-Sois
Que es?
ORIGIN
De donde eres? Soy de ______.
CHARACTERISTICS
Como es?
TIME
Que hora es?
OCCUPATION
Que hace?
RELATIONSHIPS
Quien es?
POSSESIONS
De quien es?
EVENTS
Cuando/donde es?
DATES
Que dia es hoy?
5. Estar- HELPING
Health
Como estas?
Bien, mal, regular, enfermo, enferma
Emotions
Como estas?
Enojado, triste, cansado, emocionado
Location
Donde estas?
En: la casa, la oficina, la escuela
Present Condition
Como esta?
Abierto, cerrado, verde, maduro
ING
Que estas haciendo?
Jugando, estudiano, cantando, leyendo
6. Gustar
Me gusta- it pleases me
Te gusta- it pleases you
Le gusta- it pleases
him/her/you
Nos gusta- it pleases us
Os gusta- it pleases y’all
Les gusta- it pleases
them/you
7. Transition Words
Tambien- also
Primero- first
Segundo- second
Finally- finalmente
Lastly- por último
8. Imperfect
Ir Ser Ver
•Iba •Era •Veía
•Ibas •Eras •Veías
•Iba •Era •Veía
•Íbamos •Éramos •Veíamos
•Ibais •Erais •Veíais
•Iban •Eran •Veían
9. Triggers
Todos los días- everyday
A menudo- often
A veces- sometimes
Siempre- always
Cada día- daily
Los lunes- Mondays
Generalmente- generally
Mientras- as
De vez en cuando- occacionally
Muchas veces- often
Frecuentemente- Frequentley
10. Acabar+ De+ infinitive
Acabo de
Acabas de
Acaba de
Acabamos de
Acaban de
- Ex. Acabo de comer unas hamburguesas y me duele es
estómago.
11. Hacer Expressions
Hace + time + que + conjugated verb
How much time you have been doing something.
Ex. Hace trienta y cinco minutos que Paula espera el autobús.
Hay + que + infinitive
What needs to be done or what must be
Ex. Hay que estudiar para sacar buenos notas.
Se prohibe + infinitive
Se permite + infinitive
Ex. Se prohibe fumar.
Ir + a + infinitive
What someone is going to do
Conjugate Ir and leave what they are going to do in infinitive form
12. Verbos Como Gustan
-Fascinar
To be fascinating to
-Faltar
To be missing
-Encantar
To “love” something
-Importar
To be important to
-Interesar
To be interesting to
-Doler
To hurt
13. Reflexivos
Reflexive verbs indicate that the subject of the
sentence has performed an action on itself.
When looking them up in the dictionary, they will
always end in “arse”, “irse”, or “erse.”
Reflexive Pronoun Conjugation
Me Me peino.
Te Te peinas.
Se Se peina.
Nos Nos peinamos.
Os Os peináis
Se Se peinen.
14. Tú Commands
Affirmative Negative
Affirmative: Do ____.
Di No digas
Drop the “s”
Haz No hagas
Habla- Speak!
Ve No vayas
Negative: Do not ____.
Change to first person (como) Pon No pongas
Add an “e” if an –ar verb and Sal No salgas
add an “a” if it is an –ir/er verb. Sé No seas
Don’t eat it = No lo comas. Ten No tengas
It= lo
Ven No vengas
Irregular:
15. Me
Las Te
Los Lo
DOP Placement Os La
Nos
There are 3 ways to attach DOPs at the end.
Infinitives
Voy a comerlo or I am going to eat it.
Affirmative Commands
Cómelo of Eat it.
You accent the third to last syllable so that the pronunciation
stays the same. This is why the o has an accent mark.
Present Progressive
Estoy comiéndolo or I will eat it.
Me, te, lo, la, nos, os, los, las
16. Pretérito
Past tense.
“Snapshot in time.”
Beginning and/or ending.
Completed action.
AR ER/IR
-é -í
-aste -iste
-ó -ió
-amos -imos
-aron -ieron