The document summarizes the cell cycle and different types of cell division. It discusses the stages of mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells through prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Meiosis produces four non-identical haploid gametes through two divisions, including prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I and then prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II and telophase II. The key differences between mitosis and meiosis are also highlighted.
9. Mitosis The process of cell division which results in the production of two daughter cells from a single parent cell. The daughter cells are identical to one another and to the original parent cell.
10. Chromosomes – rod-like structures, consisting of nucleic acids and protein, located within the nucleus The no.of chromosomes per nucleus is normally constant for all the individuals of a species, e.g. Man has 46, rat 42, garden pea 14 and tomato 24. Every body (somatic ) cell contains the characteristic number of chromosomes but mature germ cells ( gametes ) contain only half the usual number one member of each pair. The gametes are described as haploid in chromsome number and the somatic cell as diploid .
27. Meiosis Meiosis is the type of cell division by which germ cells (eggs and sperm) are produced. One parent cell produces four daughter cells. Daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes found in the original parent cell