2. Display an additional quality
that appeals to the sense of
touch – that is, a tactual
quality.
Gives a richer understanding
of real things.
3. Are very useful in the event that real-
life materials are impossible to be
brought in the classroom to provide
students with certain amount of direct,
purposeful, rich and meaningful learning
experience.
Are usually constructed to allow handling
by the students, except those which are
too large, too costly, to rare, or too
fragile.
4. 1. Jean Piaget
•
•
Use the methods of instruction through
the individualized programs, exploration
and experimentation with concrete
materials that helps the child to learn
more about his environment.
With the use of real things, a child is
able to compare or contrast things and
make perception about his environment.
5. 2. Maria
Montessori
•
2. Jerome Brunner
using real things
help promote
motor and
sensory skills.
•
Proposes that
instruction should
proceed from direct
experiences (real
things) to iconic
representation
(pictures) to
symbolic
representation
(words) for
achieving mastery
of task.
7. 1. Objects and Specimens
Objects
Are concrete
materials such as
plants, animals, tools
and artifacts used in
providing direct
experience.
8. 1. Objects and Specimens
Specimens
Is a part or aspect of some
item that is a typical sample
of the character of others in
its same class or group.
9. ADVANTAGES:
These are less abstract
and more concrete.
It
attracts learners’
attention.
Learners become more
familiar with objects.
LIMITATIONS:
Needs a bigger storage.
Prone to possible damage.
Some
objects
have
limitation in availability
and may not be easy to be
found.
10. 2. Models and Mock-ups
MODELS
o are
scaled replicas
of real objects.
o Show the totality
of a thing or a
process.
11. Types of Models
1. Solid Models
- used mainly
for recognizing
external
features
15. 2. Models and Mock-ups
MOCK-UPS
Are special types of
models which are
focused on a
specific part of a
whole object and
are workable.
It is intended to
show the essential
parts which are
made detachable.
16. ADVANTAGES:
o Allows learner to examine model or mock-ups
which may not be easy in the real object.
o Functional model/mock-ups allows learners to
handle and operate.
o After presentation, model can be left on
display for a period of time and allows
learners to independently study the item at
their own convenience.
17. oWorking models can illustrate basic
operations of a real device and
provide important details.
18. WHEN TO USE:
oWhen reality is too small.
oWhen reality is inaccessible (past and
futuristic events); and when distance is
impossible to bridge.
oWhen reality is too dangerous (like viewing an
erupting volcano).
19. oWhen reality is unreliable (weather and
other climatic conditions).
oWhen reality is too abstract (space
relationship, mathematics)
20. DISADVANTAGES:
o It may be more expensive that extra care is
needed.
o Some models which are too big may be difficult to
handle for the actual lecture.
o If model are built to scale, it could be time
consuming.
o It might distort some real objects.
21. 3. DIORAMA
The term diorama is of Greek origin which
means “to see through”.
Diorama is a three-dimensional
representation of events, ideas or concepts
against a scenic background.
22. It is also known as a meaningful
exhibit in boxes or cases,
which are portable. It is a
miniature scene in threedimensional treatment that is
meant to replicate reality and
cause students to think
creatively and aesthetically.
23. Have intrinsic
values.
Allows us to
compare past
and present
conditions.
Help us make
connections to
the real world
Develops
students
creativity
Can be viewed,
handled and
examined by
students.
Adds interest
and meaning to
the lesson.
24. Demands a bigger space
in the classroom in
terms
of
use
and
storage.
Is generally expensive.
Can be easily damaged.
25. 4. PUPPETS
Puppets are artificial figures whose
movements are controlled by a person. They
are inanimate objects that are manipulated so
as to appear to be moving. The person who
operates them is called a puppeteer.
Puppets are moved by hand or by strings,
wires, or rods. Puppet figures are made to
represent a person, animal, plant, or an
object.
26. A puppet can become the medium through
which the children express themselves, often in
role-playing fashion. Puppets can assist the
child in assuming the role of the character
that he is portraying.
27. Types of Puppets
Shadow puppets
– They are twodimensional in nature,
normally controlled by
rods that are much
thinner than the typical
ones that are used to
support the rod puppet.
This type of puppet
makes use of a
translucent screen (rearview screen) and a light
source for its effective
use.
2. Rod puppets
– They are flat cut out
figures tacked to a stick,
with one or more movable
parts, and operated from
below the stage level by
wire rods or slender
sticks.
1.
28. 3. Hand puppets
– This type of puppet is made to
slip over the hand like a glove.
The puppets head is operated by
the forefinger of the puppeteer,
the little finger and thumb being
used to animate the puppet
hands.
4. Glove-and-finger puppets
– They make use of old gloves to
which small costumed figure are
attached.
29. 5. Marionettes
– These puppets are suspended
and controlled by a number of
strings, plus sometimes a central
rod attached to a control bar held
from above by the puppeteer. The
control bar can be either a
horizontal or vertical one. Basic
strings for operation are usually
attached to the head, back, hands
(to control the arms) and just
above the knee (to control the
legs). These are generally
constructed of wood with
articulating joints that replicate
those of human beings.
30. Advantages:
They boost active participation among
students.
Stirring and attention getting
Fascination of the inanimate objects
Enjoyable and spontaneous learning experiences
Students become more creative.
31. Limitations:
It is time-consuming.
It is expensive.
It demands extra effort.
It can compete with the teacher.
32. 5. RESOURCE PERSON
A resource person is someone invited to talk
about something. He/she is experienced or
knowledgeable with and is capable of sharing
what he/she knows.
. In the classroom, there are instances when a
teacher realizes that certain topics are better
taught when they are discussed with the help
of an expert
33. Advantages:
Less preparation on the part of the teacher
Thorough discussion of the topic
It might add enthusiasm to the audience if the
speaker is good.
34. Limitations:
Hassle in searching for the suitable speaker.
It might confuse the audience if the speaker is
not good enough.
Less enthusiasm from the audience if the
speaker is boring.
