2009 IBS - High Performance Masonry Walls

High PerformanceHigh Performance
ResidentialResidential
Masonry WallsMasonry Walls
in thein the
2121stst
CenturyCentury
Presented by:Presented by:
Mike CoultonMike Coulton
Director of Product DevelopmentDirector of Product Development
Benjamin Obdyke IncorporatedBenjamin Obdyke Incorporated

© 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated© 2008 Benjamin Obdyke Incorporated
AGENDAAGENDA
It’s about moisture managementIt’s about moisture management
Why now?Why now?
Case studyCase study
Solution optionsSolution options
Selecting the right solutionsSelecting the right solutions

IntroductionIntroduction
Need to incorporate goodNeed to incorporate good
moisture management solutionsmoisture management solutions
– Ward off problems – occupant healthWard off problems – occupant health
mold, rot, sustainabilitymold, rot, sustainability
– Energy efficiency of wallEnergy efficiency of wall
– Code changes – complianceCode changes – compliance

IntroductionIntroduction

Why Now?Why Now?
We’ve been building masonryWe’ve been building masonry
walls for centuries - why waterwalls for centuries - why water
problems now?problems now?
– Mass walls vs. veneer on wood framingMass walls vs. veneer on wood framing
– Insulation practices – Energy crisis #1Insulation practices – Energy crisis #1
(1970s) and #2 (2000s)(1970s) and #2 (2000s)

Why Now?Why Now?
Brick, stucco, stone walls haveBrick, stucco, stone walls have
always absorbed lots of moisture –always absorbed lots of moisture –
very porousvery porous
Before tight envelopes (insulation andBefore tight envelopes (insulation and
water/air resistive barriers):water/air resistive barriers):
– Winter – dried inside to outsideWinter – dried inside to outside
– Summer – dried outside to insideSummer – dried outside to inside

Why Now?Why Now?
Tightened building envelopes areTightened building envelopes are
great for saving energy, but badgreat for saving energy, but bad
for “drying” walls outfor “drying” walls out
OSB vs. planks or even plywoodOSB vs. planks or even plywood
Water-resistive (not water-proof)Water-resistive (not water-proof)
and air-resistive barriersand air-resistive barriers

The NeedThe Need
Preserving the life of exterior framingPreserving the life of exterior framing
and sheathing – sustainability.and sheathing – sustainability.
Reducing liability for callbacks,Reducing liability for callbacks,
remediation, and litigation costs whenremediation, and litigation costs when
moisture damage occurs.moisture damage occurs.

The NeedThe Need
Complying with growing codeComplying with growing code
requirements:requirements:
- IRC - Wall that “drains”IRC - Wall that “drains”
– Water resistive barrier requirementWater resistive barrier requirement
– State code requirements (MN, OR?)State code requirements (MN, OR?)
– Canadian codesCanadian codes

Code Changes / RequirementsCode Changes / Requirements
2006 IRC Section 703.12006 IRC Section 703.1
– ““The exterior wall envelope shall be designedThe exterior wall envelope shall be designed
and constructed in a manner that prevents theand constructed in a manner that prevents the
accumulation of water within the wallaccumulation of water within the wall
assembly by providing a water-resistantassembly by providing a water-resistant
barrier behind the exterior veneer as requiredbarrier behind the exterior veneer as required
by Section 703.2, andby Section 703.2, and a means of draininga means of draining
water that enters the assembly to thewater that enters the assembly to the
exteriorexterior.”.”

2006 IRC Section 703.22006 IRC Section 703.2
– ““One layerOne layer of No. 15 asphalt felt, free fromof No. 15 asphalt felt, free from
holes and breaks, complying with ASTM Dholes and breaks, complying with ASTM D
226 for Type I felt or other approved226 for Type I felt or other approved water-water-
resistive barrier shall be appliedresistive barrier shall be applied over studs orover studs or
sheathing ofsheathing of all exterior walls.”all exterior walls.”

2005 NBC of Canada Section 9.27.2.22005 NBC of Canada Section 9.27.2.2
– “…“…exterior walls exposed to precipitationexterior walls exposed to precipitation shallshall
be protected against precipitation ingress bybe protected against precipitation ingress by
an exterior cladding assembly consisting of aan exterior cladding assembly consisting of a
first plane of protection andfirst plane of protection and a second plane ofa second plane of
protection incorporating a capillary breakprotection incorporating a capillary break...”...”

2005 NBC of Canada Section 9.27.2.22005 NBC of Canada Section 9.27.2.2 (cont.)(cont.)
– “…“…a cladding assembly is deemed to have aa cladding assembly is deemed to have a
capillary breakcapillary break between the cladding and thebetween the cladding and the
backing assembly where …there is abacking assembly where …there is a draineddrained
and vented air space not less than 10mm deepand vented air space not less than 10mm deep
behind the cladding, over the full height of thebehind the cladding, over the full height of the
wall…”wall…”

Case StudyCase Study
Homes on Philadelphia “Main Line”Homes on Philadelphia “Main Line”
Built within last 10 yearsBuilt within last 10 years
Moisture ProblemsMoisture Problems
RemediationRemediation

Cost to remediate $75,000 toCost to remediate $75,000 to
$300,000+$300,000+
Tear off cladding, WRB,Tear off cladding, WRB,
sheathing, insulation, somesheathing, insulation, some
framingframing
Do all this while occupiedDo all this while occupied

Costs to prevent up-frontCosts to prevent up-front
$1000 to $5000$1000 to $5000

Brick VeneerBrick Veneer
What can we learn from brickWhat can we learn from brick
veneer?veneer?

Built with a space betweenBuilt with a space between
cladding and sheathingcladding and sheathing
Built with drainage at bottomBuilt with drainage at bottom
(need to keep clear)(need to keep clear)
Still uses WRB (one layer)Still uses WRB (one layer)

RainscreensRainscreens
A technique for controlling rain entryA technique for controlling rain entry
in an exterior wallin an exterior wall
Involves locating an air space wideInvolves locating an air space wide
enough for capillary breakenough for capillary break
immediately behind the exteriorimmediately behind the exterior
claddingcladding

When combined with openings at topWhen combined with openings at top
and bottom, it creates a pressureand bottom, it creates a pressure
equalized/moderated space to reduceequalized/moderated space to reduce
forces leading to water entryforces leading to water entry
Water that does enter behind theWater that does enter behind the
cladding is not in direct contact withcladding is not in direct contact with
sheathing wallsheathing wall

The capillary break space – at leastThe capillary break space – at least
3/16” – can prevent surfactants from3/16” – can prevent surfactants from
damaging the water resistive barrierdamaging the water resistive barrier
Residual moisture is dried by airResidual moisture is dried by air
movement (ventilation drying)movement (ventilation drying)

Ventilation drying can also assist inVentilation drying can also assist in
removing moisture vapor from insideremoving moisture vapor from inside
the building moving outward and fromthe building moving outward and from
solar drive from wet claddings movingsolar drive from wet claddings moving
inward (remember those 2-way waterinward (remember those 2-way water
resistive barriers)resistive barriers)

Brick veneer constructionBrick veneer construction
Strapping or furring stripsStrapping or furring strips
Void space technology (“drainageVoid space technology (“drainage
mats”, “ventilation mats”, “rolledmats”, “ventilation mats”, “rolled
rainscreens”) – 21rainscreens”) – 21stst
centurycentury

The chief advantage of strapping is inThe chief advantage of strapping is in
material costs – furring strips are lessmaterial costs – furring strips are less
expensive than manufacturedexpensive than manufactured
rainscreen productsrainscreen products
Installing these strips is labor-Installing these strips is labor-
intensive and therefore strapping mayintensive and therefore strapping may
ultimately be more costly than voidultimately be more costly than void
space productsspace products

Strapping covers about 15% of the wallStrapping covers about 15% of the wall
surface leading to trapped moisturesurface leading to trapped moisture
Void space products are appliedVoid space products are applied
continuously protecting the entire surfacecontinuously protecting the entire surface
area of the wall and providing a levelarea of the wall and providing a level
surface for masonry applicationsurface for masonry application
Combination products provide theCombination products provide the
rainscreen in same installation step as therainscreen in same installation step as the
housewrap, reducing laborhousewrap, reducing labor

ApplicationsApplications
How is this technology used inHow is this technology used in
masonry walls?masonry walls?

Applications – Brick VeneerApplications – Brick Veneer
Natural rainscreenNatural rainscreen
Must keep weep system “open” andMust keep weep system “open” and
avoid clogging with mortar droppingsavoid clogging with mortar droppings
Used to pull 1x or 2x board on wiresUsed to pull 1x or 2x board on wires
up through wall or pour in pea gravel.up through wall or pour in pea gravel.
2121stst
century – void space products atcentury – void space products at
bottom of wallsbottom of walls

Applications – Brick VeneerApplications – Brick Veneer

Applications – Stucco,Applications – Stucco,
Manufactured/Veneer StoneManufactured/Veneer Stone
Create a rainscreen wall withCreate a rainscreen wall with
void-space rolled matsvoid-space rolled mats
– Roll out like a WRBRoll out like a WRB
– Uniform thickness over wallUniform thickness over wall
– Creates capillary break to separateCreates capillary break to separate
cladding from sheathingcladding from sheathing
– Promotes drainage and dryingPromotes drainage and drying

Applications – Stucco,Applications – Stucco,
Manufactured/Veneer StoneManufactured/Veneer Stone

ConclusionsConclusions
Walls no longer dry by themselvesWalls no longer dry by themselves
Heightened concern over moistureHeightened concern over moisture
liability and changing codesliability and changing codes

Building science agrees thatBuilding science agrees that
rainscreen wall israinscreen wall is bestbest wall systemwall system
and NAHB recent white paperand NAHB recent white paper
recognizes.recognizes.
Learn from brick veneer - create aLearn from brick veneer - create a
space between the cladding and thespace between the cladding and the
WRB/sheathing/framingWRB/sheathing/framing

Advances in technology haveAdvances in technology have
broadened the range of solutionsbroadened the range of solutions
available to you to prevent problemsavailable to you to prevent problems
Upfront cost $1000 to $5000 vs.Upfront cost $1000 to $5000 vs.
$75,000 to $300,000+ after the fact$75,000 to $300,000+ after the fact

Thank youThank you

2009 IBS - High Performance Masonry Walls

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