1. DAAD Webinar
Public Policy and Good Governance
--challenges in the MENA Region–
Session II
Policy Space and Policy Time:
Global Problems & Local Solutions
DAAD WEBINAR
PUBLIC POLICY AND
GOOD GOVERNANCE
CHALLENGES IN THE
MENA REGION
Prof. Florian Hoffmann
Franz Haniel Chair of Public Policy
Willy Brandt School of Public Policy
University of Erfurt (Germany)
http://www.brandtschool.de/the-school/full-time-academic-staff/prof-dr-florian-hoffmann.html
2. Scales & Directions
GLOCALIZATION
GLOBALIZATION
‘Think Globally, Act Locally’
DAAD WEBINAR
PUBLIC POLICY
AND GOOD
GOVERNANCE
CHALLENGES IN THE
MENA REGION
3. Globalization
Globalization can usefully be conceived as a process (or set of processes) which
embodies a transformation in the spatial organization of social relations and
transactions, generating transcontinental or interregional flows and networks of
activity, interaction and power.
It is characterized by four types of change:
First, it involves a stretching of social, political and economic activities across
political frontiers, regions and continents.
Second, it suggests the intensification, or the growing magnitude, of
interconnectedness and flows of
trade, investment, finance, migration, culture, etc.
Third, the growing extensity and intensity of global interconnectedness can
be linked to a speeding up of global interactions and processes, as the
evolution of world-wide systems of transport and communication increases
the velocity of the diffusion of ideas, goods, information, capital, and people.
Fourth, the growing extensity, intensity and velocity of global interactions
can be associated with their deepening impact such that the effects of
distant events can be highly significant elsewhere and even the most local
developments may come to have enormous global consequences. In this
sense, the boundaries between domestic matters and global affairs can
DAAD WEBINAR become increasingly blurred.
PUBLIC POLICY In sum, globalization can be thought of as the
AND GOOD widening, intensifying, speeding up, and growing impact of world-wide
GOVERNANCE interconnectedness. By conceiving of globalization in this way, it becomes
CHALLENGES IN THE possible to map empirically patterns of world-wide links and relations across
MENA REGION all key domains of human activity, from the military to the cultural.
From: Global Transformations (David Held, Anthony McGrew, David Goldblatt, Anthony Perraton)
http://www.polity.co.uk/global/whatisglobalization.asp
4. Glocalization
"[Glocalization is marked by the] development of diverse, overlapping fields of global-
local linkages ... [creating] a condition of globalizedpanlocality....what anthropologist
Arjun Appadurai calls deterritorialized, global spatial ‘scapes’
(ethnoscapes, technoscapes, finanscapes, mediascapes, and ideoscapes)....This
condition of glocalization… represents a shift from a more territorialized learning
process bound up with the nation-state society to one more fluid and translocal. Culture
has become a much more mobile, human software employed to mix elements from
diverse contexts. With cultural forms and practices more separate from
geographic, institutional, and ascriptive embeddenness, we are witnessing what Jan
Nederveen Pieterse refers to as postmodern 'hybridization.'" (Wayne Gabardi)
[Glocalization] is the ability of a culture, when it encounters other strong cultures, to
absorb influences that naturally fit into and can enrich that culture, to resist those things
that are truly alien and to compartmentalize those things that, while different, can
nevertheless be enjoyed and celebrated as different." (Thomas Friedmann)
DAAD WEBINAR
PUBLIC POLICY
AND GOOD
GOVERNANCE
CHALLENGES IN THE
MENA REGION
5. Global Local
‚The World is Flat‘ ‚The World is a Puzzle‘
Harmonization Diversification
‚Airport‘ ‚Bazaar‘
DAAD WEBINAR
PUBLIC POLICY
AND GOOD
GOVERNANCE
CHALLENGES IN THE
MENA REGION
9. Questions (I):
(a) What are the main policy challenges
in the (post-Arab Spring) MENA region ?
(b) To what extent does their solution depend
on endogenous and on exogenous factors, respectively ?
DAAD WEBINAR
PUBLIC POLICY
AND GOOD
GOVERNANCE
CHALLENGES IN THE
MENA REGION
10. Times & Horizons
‘Cultural’ Orientations (Hofstede)
Long term orientation
-persistence
-ordering relationships by status and observing this order
-thrift
-having a sense of shame
Short term orientation
-personal steadiness and stability
-protecting your ‘face’
-respect or tradition
DAAD WEBINAR -reciprocation of greetings, favors, and gifts
PUBLIC POLICY
AND GOOD
GOVERNANCE
CHALLENGES IN THE
MENA REGION
11. Questions (II):
(a) In what time-frame do the MENA region‘s
policy challenges need to be addressed ?
(b) Is there a tension between short-term and
long-term approaches to these challenges ?
DAAD WEBINAR
PUBLIC POLICY
AND GOOD
GOVERNANCE
CHALLENGES IN THE
MENA REGION
12. Good Governance
“[W]e have to consider the political incentives that operate on governments and
on the persons and groups that are in office. The rulers have the incentive to listen
to what people want if they have to face their criticism and seek their support
in elections.” (Amartya Sen)
UNDP
Accountability: government is able and willing to show the extent to which
its actions and decisions are consistent with clearly-defined and agreed-upon
objectives.
Transparency: government actions, decisions and decision-making processes
are open to an appropriate level of scrutiny by others parts of
government, civil society and, in some instances, outside institutions and
governments.
Efficiency and effectiveness: government strives to produce quality public
outputs, including services delivered to citizens, at the best cost, and ensures
that outputs meet the original intentions of policymakers.
Responsiveness: government has the capacity and flexibility to respond
rapidly to societal changes, takes into account the expectations of civil society
DAAD WEBINAR in identifying the general public interest, and is willing to critically re-examine
the role of government.
PUBLIC POLICY
AND GOOD
Forward vision: government is able to anticipate future problems and issues
GOVERNANCE based on current data and trends and develop policies that take into account
CHALLENGES IN THE future costs and anticipated changes (e.g.
MENA REGION demographic, economic, environmental, etc.).
Rule of law: government enforces equally transparent laws, regulations and
codes
13. DAAD WEBINAR
PUBLIC POLICY
AND GOOD
GOVERNANCE
CHALLENGES IN THE
MENA REGION
15. Governance – Development - Transition
Hungary: Between 1990 and 2000,
1. GDP growth rates increased from –3.49% to 5.152% (annual)
2. GDP per capita increased from 4857.47 to 5425 (constant 1995 US $)
3. Inflation decreased from 28.97% to 9.79% (consumer prices, %
annual)
4. Fertility rates decreased from 1.84 to 1.29 (total, births per woman)
Poland: Between 1990 and 2000,
1. GPD growth rates increased from –7% to 4 % (annual)
2. GDP per capita increased from 2990.3 to 4223.4 (constant 1995 US $)
3. Inflation decreased from 555.38 % to 10.1% (consumer prices, %
annual)
4. Fertility rates decreased from 2.04 to 1.4 (total, births per woman)
DAAD WEBINAR
Czech Republic: Between 1990 and 2000,
1. GDP growth rates increased from -11.6% to 2.94% (annual)
PUBLIC POLICY
AND GOOD 2. GDP per capita increased from 5269.6 to 5310.9(constant 1995 US $)
GOVERNANCE
CHALLENGES IN THE 3. Inflation decreased from 9.96% to 3.9% (consumer prices, % annual)
MENA REGION
4. Fertility rates decreased from 1.87 to 1.15 (total, births per woman)
From: World Development Indicators (World Bank, 2001)
16. DAAD WEBINAR
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CHALLENGES IN THE
MENA REGION
Maps by Phillipe Rekacewicz, Le Monde Diplomatique
17. MENA Governance
World Bank Indicators
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CHALLENGES IN THE
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AND GOOD
GOVERNANCE
CHALLENGES IN THE
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