Ramgarh Gas Thermal Power Plant (RGTPP): An Introduction

Chapter: 1
INTRODUCTION ABOUT RGTPP
RGTPP is located near Ramgarh Town at about 60 km from district head quarter, Jaisalmer
(Rajasthan), which is largest district of the state. Its installed capacity is 270 MW. And this
plant is located in largest state of India, based on area
There was problem in maintaining desired quality standards in electric supply to Jaisalmer on
account of excess losses because of longer transmission lines. To rectify above problem and
to utilize available natural gas in this area RGTPP was established in this border district
whose existing capacity is 270 MW.
Seeing the increasing demand of electricity in this region for various purposes like for
providing drinking water in desert area, flood lighting on INDO-PAK Border fencing etc..,
state Govt. found it essential to raise the capacity of RGTPP and therefore Rajasthan Vidyut
Utpadan Nigam Ltd. established here two more units in second phase of the project. In
second phase, one gas turbine of 75 MW capacities and one steam turbine of 37.5 MW
capacities were installed.
Fig No. 1.1-Ramgarh Gas Thermal Power Plant Entrance
AIET/DOEE/2014-2015/PTS /1

Figure 1.2: Power Plant View
1.1 First Unit
Necessary equipments for this power plant were supplied by Bharat Heavy Electrical Ltd.
(BHEL), and building construction was carried out by Rajasthan State Bridge Construction
Corporation. This unit is capable to generate power using both gas and diesel. In power plant
12 underground tanks are constructed for storage of diesel having total capacity of 2520KLt.
In This Stage Gas Turbine (GT-1) Is Used Which Includes Unit Of 75 MW and steam
turbine(ST-1) is used which include unit of 37.5 MW.
1.2 Second Unit
First unit of this power plant is being operated by open cycle system, resulting in higher cost
on electricity generation. Reduction in cost is only possible when first unit is operated on
Combined Cycle System. So, under expansion program of this project, work

of installation of a gas ne and steam turbine is taken in hand. In this system, electricity will be
generated by a steam turbine utilizing heat obtained from exhaust of gas turbines through a
Heat Recovery Boiler. Thus, no additional fuel will be required for operating Steam Turbine.
Under stage-II, one Gas Turbine Unit (110 MW) was commissioned and synchronized with
the grid on june 2010 The Steam Turbine Unit (50 MW) was also commissioned and
synchronized with the grid on june 2010 and thus the plant has been made operational in
combined cycle mode with a total capacity of 270 MW.
1.3 Availability Of Water
Requirement of water for power plant is supplied through Sagar Mal Gopa branch of Indira
Gandhi Nahar Project. (IGNP). FOR THIS A 27 KM Long , 5.4 cusec capacity pipe line is
laid from RD-190 of Sagar Mal Gopa Branch to power plant & another pipe line from RD-
200. For ensuring proper electric supply requirements, a Sub-station of capacity 2X250KVA,
33/0.4KV, and a pumping station has been established at RD-190 in addition to construction
of a water storage tank of capacity 77000m3
at power plant.
1.4 Electricity Transmission System
To ensure efficient transmission of electricity generated in the power plant, a 215km long
Ramgarh-Jaisalmer-Barmer line & 165km Ramgarh-Pokaran of 132 KV has been laid.
1.5 Expected System Operation
In spite of unfavorable geographical conditions and supply of gas of lower quality than
expectation, expected electricity is being generated in this power plant.
The details of total energy generated from this power station during years are as under

YEARS ENERGY GENERATED(MU)
1999-00 228
2000-01s 229
2001-02 120
2002-03 221
2003-04 238
2004-05 361.13
2005-06 435.62
2006-07 404.14
2007-08 414.11
2008-09 348.67
2009-10 424.11
2010-11 430.15
2011-12 431.98
Table no.1.1: Total Energy Generated
1.6 Gas Transportation System
ONGC and IOCL are engaged in exploration of oil and natural gas deposits in western
Rajasthan. Gas Authority Of India Ltd. (GAIL) laid down 12”diameter and 35 km long pipe
line for supply of gas from Gamnewala based gas collection plant to Ramgarh, which has
been further extended upto Dandewala gas field of Oil India Ltd. Total distance of
Dandewala Terminal, is approximately 67 km from Ramgarh Terminal. This pipe line is
being maintained by GAIL.
Gas, which is use in plant, is mixture of different gas. Percentage of gas is as follws

Table no.1.2: Gas (full) Component
GAS PERCENTAGE
NITROGEN 31.9064 %
METHANE 48.5668 %
CARBON DIOXIDE 18.8793 %
ETHAN 0.5009 %
PROPANE 0.0333 %
ISO-BUTANE 0.0285 %
N-BUTANE 0.0513 %
ISO-PENANE 0.0185 %
N-PENANE 0.0130 %
HEXANE 0.0000 %
TOTAL 100 %

Chapter: 2
POWER
PLANT CYCLE
Ramgarh Gas thermal power station is Combined Cycle power station.
2.1 Open Cycle
When Gas Turbine (GT) exhaust is diverted directly into the atmosphere due to no provision
of HRSG (Heat Recovery Steam Generator) or non availability of HRSG then it is called as
GT is running in open cycle. In open cycle as gas turbine high exhaust gas is not utilized for
heat transfer in boiler so its efficiency will come down.
2.2 Combined Cycle
When Gas Turbine exhaust is diverted to HRSG in which high temperature Gas Turbine
exhaust gas passes through HP Super Heater, HP Evaporator, HP Economizer, LP
Evaporator, LP Economizer, and Condenser Preheated (CPH) thus heat of gas turbine exhaust
gas absorbed by above series of bank located inside the HRSG and temperature of gas turbine
exhaust which is about 570 deg C will come down to 135 deg C.
By utilizing the heat of gas turbine exhaust HRSG (Boiler) generates Steam which is used to
run Steam Turbine Generator (STG).

Thus we can generate an additional power (about 50 % of the gas turbine generation) in
Steam Turbine Generator without any extra fuel cost. Thus we can get 30% extra efficiency
by running the gas turbine in combined cycle.
As gas turbine is operated on Brayton Cycle principle and Steam Turbine is rotated on
Rankine cycle principle that is why it is called Combined Cycle.
2.3 Advantages of Combined Cycle Process
Decreases in capital cost per mw installed.
 High overall efficiency i.e. 48%.
 Compact in size.
 Low main power required for its operation and maintenance.
 Low water requirement.
 Pollution free atmosphere and clean works place.
 Low installation time.
 High reliability and flexibility of the plant.
2.4 Brayton Cycle
FUEL COMBUSTION
CHAMBER
GENERATORCOMPRESSOR TURBINE

Figure 2.1: Brayton Cycle
2.5 Rankine Cycle
TURBINE EXHAUSTAIR
STEAM
GAS
TURBINE
EXHAUST TURBINEBOILER

Fig no 2.2: Rankine Cycle
Chapter:3
BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF PLANT OPERATION
At RGTPP gas to the turbines is being supplied through GAIL terminal from oil wells of
ONGC and OIL, which are attached to discover oil and natural gas recourses in Western
Rajasthan. The quantity of the gas is 9.5 Lac SCM per day. From GAIL Terminal gas is
supplied to Gas Booster Compressor (GBC motor) at pressure of 10-15kg/cm2
and quantity
of gas is 9.5 Lac SCM/day.
The work of the Gas Boost Compressor is to compress gas and to supply required pressure of
gas for power production to gas turbine. In compressing process by GBC the pressure of the
gas increases from 10-15kg/cm2
to 18-23kg/cm2. The output of the GBC motor is first
merged and then is divided further, before blowing into the Combustion Chamber. There are
two GBC motor in RGTPS, GT-1 and GT-2. The blowing pressure is 18-23 kg/cm2
.
Combustion Chamber is a place where ignition of fuel mixed with air occurs with the help of
the sparkplugs, the voltage on both of the sparkplugs is 15000 V dc. On combustion, the gas
gets mixed with air then the gas will expand and air pressure will increases. This air exhausts
on the gas turbine buckets & nozzles and gas turbine starts to rotate. There are two generators
FEEDWATER
CONDENSATE

of 35.5 MW and 37.5 MW attached with GT-1 and GT-2 respectively, mounted on the same
shaft as the turbine. So GT-1 and GT-2 produces 35.5 and 37.5 MW electricity respectively.
The exhaust of GT is flue gases. The temperature of flue gas is near about 500 deg C. This
exhaust may also be relieved into the atmosphere with the help of controlled valves. But this
exhaust is taken in use to produce electricity. So this power plant is called Combined Cycle
Power plant. This exhaust (flue gas) of the gas turbine is further passed into the Heat
Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG). It is a boiler. Water circulating
in drum is superheated with the help of flue gases. This superheated steam runs the Steam
Turbine Generator, so it is called unfired combined cycle.
The generator is mounted on the same shaft as of the steam turbine, produces 37.5 MW
electricity. The steam which is blowing on the gas turbine should be superheated.
Steam should be superheated so that-
1. No corrosion will be occur,
2. Enthalpy drop will be less.
Power generation is also done at low voltage because of the insulation problem.
If the power generation is done at high voltage then there are following disadvantages-
1. Losses will be more
2. Wire also may burn out
3. High insulation will be required which is very costly

Figure: 3.1 Operation of RGTPP

Chapter: 4
GAS TURBINE
Turbine Equipments
4.1 Compressor
The atmosphere air is compressed to the 17 stage compressor and before it passes through the
filter. The compressor ratio is 10 and this air is routed to the combustors. The compressor used in
the plant is of rotatory type. The air at atmospheric pressure is drawn by the compressor via the
filter which removes the dust from the air. There are 396 no. of filters connected in different
rows. These filters are made up of cellulose fiber. The rotatory blades of the compressor push the
air between stationary blades to raise its pressure
4.2Combustors
The fuel (gas) is provided to ten equal flow lines, each terminating at a fuel nozzle centered in
the end plate of a ten separate combustion chamber and prior to being distributed to the nozzles,
the fuel is actually controlled at a rate consistent with the speed and load requirements of gas
turbine. The nozzle introduces the fuel into the combustion chambers where it mixes with the
combustion air and is ignited by the sparkplugs. At instant when fuel is ignited in one
combustion chamber, flame is propagated through connecting crossfire tubes to all other
combustion chambers.
4.3 Transition Pieces
The hot gases from the combustion chambers expand into the ten separate transition pieces and
from there to the three stage turbine section of the machine
4.4 Turbine
There are three stages of the turbine and each consists of a row of fixed nozzles followed by a
row of rotating turbine buckets. In each nozzle row, the kinetic energy of the jet is increased with

an associated pressure drop and in each following row of a moving buckets, a portion of the
kinetic energy of the jet is absorbed as useful work on the turbine rotor.
4.5 Exhaust
After passing through the third stage buckets, the gases are directed into the exhaust hood
diffuser which contains a series of turning vanes to turn the gases from an axial direction to a
radial direction, thereby minimizing exhaust hood losses. The gases then pass into the exhaust
plenum and are introduced to atmosphere through the exhaust stack or to the H.R.S.G.

Chapter: 5
GAS TURBINE SUPPORT SYSTEM AND THEIR EQUIPMENTS
5.1 Starting System
5.1.1 Diesel Engine
Diesel engine/starting motor/Main generator with static frequency converter. Diesel or starting
motor with torque converter or main generator with SFC is used as a starting device for gas
turbine. We have Detroit make diesel engine of 590 hp for starting purpose.
5.1.2 Torque Converter
It transfers torque from DG to Gas Turbine. It is a hydraulic coupling which transfers torque
from zero speed to self sustaining speed of Gas Turbine (i.e. about 60% speeds).
5.1.3 Accessory Gear Box
It accommodates following equipments
----Main lube. Oil pump
----Main hydraulic pump
----Main fuel oil pump
----Atomizing air compressor
5.1.4 Hydraulic Ratchet
It rotates the turbine shaft when gas turbine is on cool down. It also helps while break away of
Gas Turbine during starting. It consists of a ratchet mechanism operated by hydraulic device. Oil
is supplied by a DC driven positive displacement pump.

5.1.5 Jaw Clutch Mechanism
It transmits power from Diesel Engine or Ratchet Mechanism to Gas Turbine through Torque
Converter for starting of Gas turbine or at the time of ratcheting.
5.2 Lubricating Oil System
Major equipment of the system are-
5.2.1 Oil Reservoir:
The capacity is 3300 gallons. The total system requirement is 3500 gallons.
Lubricating Pump:
Main lube oil pump is accessory gear driven. Also for starting a/c power driven lube oil pump
of 175m head and 460gpm flow is provided. For emergency purpose DC pump of 91m head and
250 gpm flow is provided. During emergency pump in service filter remain by pass.
5.2.2 Heat Exchanger:
Two coolers are provided for cooling oil each of 100% capacity.
5.2.3 Gas Skid:
The function of the gas conditioning skid is to supply gas to Gas Turbine free from condensate
and gas particles.
5.2.4 Scrubber:
The function of the scrubber is to remove condensate from gas by centrifugal action by the use of
no. parting plates within the scrubber itself. There is a provision of solenoid operated drain valve
for removal of condensate which is sensed by a level switch.
5.2.5 Filter:
The function of filter is to remove any foreign particles from the gas and to supply totally clean
gas. This filters are of cartridge type and replaceable if d.p across the filter increases.

5.2.6 Pressure Control Valve:
The function of the pressure control valve is to regulate down steam pressure up to 22kg/cm2
if
upstream pressure is more. This is the designed value for inlet the gas stop ratio control valve.
5.2.8 Condensate Tank:
All the condensate collected at the bottom of the scrubber is routed to the tank through drain
piping. For this is a level controller on the scrubber which will operate on maximum and
minimum level scrubber.
5.3Air Intake System:
5.3.1 Filters:
There are 396 no. of filters connected in different rows. These filters are made up of cellulose
fiber.
Fig No. 5.1-Filter

5.3.2 Filter Cleaning:
Reverse pulse self cleaning system is provided for cleaning of these fibers. Processor air is used
for these pulsations. Each row is given reverse pulse at fixed time interval and in predefined
rotation.
5.3.3 Air Processing Unit:
The air from the compressor output is taken to finned tube to cool it and is passed through the
dryer for removing moistur
5.4 Cooling and Sealing Air System:
Air for the bearing sealing is extracted from the 5th
stage of the compressor. Centrifugal removes
dust and other foreign particles. Two centrifugal blowers are provided for turbine shell cooling
5.4.1 Ventilating System:
Being a closed system, air circulation is provided by following ventilating fans in different
compartments:
1. Accessory and gas turbine compartment vent fan-2 no.
2. Load gear compartment -2 no.
3. Gas valve compartment vent fan -1 no.
4. Load gear oil vapors fan-1 no.
5.4.2 Gas Turbine and Compressor Cleaning System:
Compressor washing skid consists of:
a) Water tank with heaters,
b) Water pump,
c) Detergent pump,
d) Water wash valve (electrically operated).
Rice hopper is provided at compressor suction for solid compound cleaning of compressor.

5.4.3 Reducing Gear Box:-
Gas turbine speed is 5100rpm, but generator speed is designed as 3000rpm, so reducing gear box
is provided to reduce speed to 3000 rpm.
5.5 H.R.S.G And Steam Turbine Equipment:-
5.5.1 H.R.S.G:
HRSG is a horizontal, natural circulation, bid rum, dual pressure unfired water tube boiler. It is
designed to generate HP steam at 62kg/cm2
pressure and 483 deg C temperature with 59.9 t/hr
steam flow. LP steam is generated at 5 kg/cm2
pressure and at saturated temperature with
10.9t/hr steam flow. These H.R.S.Gs are having facilities of HP and LP bypass systems 100% for
both the circuits to match the rated parameters(pressure and temperature) while starting the
H.R.S.Gs and to minimize the losses of water and heat while shutting down the m/c. These are
also useful when STG trips and to keep boiler in service. Major equipments of recovery boilers
are:
1) Super heater,
2) Evaporator (HP & LP),
3) Economizer (HP-1, 2 & LP)
4) Stack (height)
5.5.2 Steam Turbine:
The HP Steam Turbine is drawn from HP steam header of H.R.S.G 1&2. The HP steam
parameters of the HP steam are 60kg/cm2
pressure and 480deg C temperature. The LP steam to
turbine is drawn from LP steam header of HRSG 1&2. The LP steam parameters of LP steam are
4.3kg/cm2
pressure and 148 deg C temperature.
5.6 Condensate Circuit Equipment:
It consists of condensers, ejectors, extraction pumps, gland steam condenser.

5.6.1 Condenser:
It is a two pass condenser having 9084 no. of tubes having cooling surface area of 3070m2
. It has
steam condensing capacity of 137t/hr, cooling water flow of 7050m3
/hr.
5.6.2 Ejectors:
Two no. of two pass ejectors are provided each having a capacity of handiling15kg/hr dry air
49kg/hr air-water vapor mixture. One starting ejector is also there of 220kg/hr of dry air handling
capacity at a suction pressure of 0.33 atmosphere.
5.6.3 Extraction pumps:
Two no. of pumps each of 100% capacity are used in the system. Each has a capacity of 95 m
head and 186m3
/hr flow.
5.6.4 Gland Steam Condenser:
Steam leaking from turbine glands is used to raise the temperature of the condensate by GSC.
Two no. of fans are provided for extracting steam.
.7 Feed Water Circuit
It consists of the feed water tank; HP & LP feed water pumps.
5.7.1 Feed Water Tank:
It is mounted at elevation of 9m so it provides a net positive suction head to the boilers feed
pumps. It also has a deaerator at the top of the tank for mechanical dearation of the feed water.
5.7.2 HP Feed Pumps:
Three feed pumps of 50% duty are provided to feed h.p water to boiler. Each is a KSB make,
multistage pump with discharge head of 925m and 75m3
/hr.
5.7.3 LP Feed Pumps
Three feed pumps of 50% duty are provided to feed l.p water to the boiler. Each is a Beacon
Water make, multistage pump with discharge head of 117m and 11.5m3
/hr.

5.8 Common Support System For GT And ST:-
5.8.1 CW and ACW systems:
There are three CW pumps each of 50% capacity of 23 head and 3850t/hr flow. They circulate
water in steam turbine condenser and ST oil cooler. There are three ACW pumps each of 50%
capacity of 34m head and 576t/hr flow. They circulate water in following gas turbine auxiliaries:
A) Diesel engine,
B) Lub. Oil coolers,
C) Generator air coolers.
It also circulates in feed pump bearing, coolers of AC plant, air compressors, ADUs and boilers
water sample coolers
5.8.2 Air Compressors:
Air is required for the following purposes:
a) For pneumatic operations of all control valves,
b) At different maintenance work places for cleaning,
c) If required it can be used for GT filter cleaning.
There are three kirlosker make horizontal, balanced opposed piston compressor each of
8.1kg/cm2
head and 253 Nm cu. /hr air flow. Air from the receiver tank is directed to air drying
unit to moister free.
5.8.3 Raw Water System:
Three no. of bore wells supply raw water to a water reservoir from which is transferred to water
treatment plant by use of raw water pumps each of 125t/hr flow capacity. Each bore well is of @
125 to 150t/hr flow capacity. Daily raw water consumption of the plant is around 4000t.
5.8.4 Laboratory:
Any power plant requires soft water and dematerialized water in large quantity. There are soft
water plant (cap 7.2 t/hr*2) which is used in the boiler water circuit. Apart from that, a

continuous watch is kept of water chemistry of HRSG water to keep its parameters (such as ph
and conductivity) within a specified range.
5.8.5 Fire Protection Systems:
It includes no. of water pumps, halon & CO2 bank, nozzle and piping net work, flame and smoke
detectors and emulsifies. There are three types of water pumps:
a) HVWS pump,
b) Jockey pump.
5.8.6 Black Start D.G Set:
In the event of total power failure, GT can be started with the help of diesel generating set (500 KVA, 680
Amp. Max) which is capable of supplying power to the bare minimum requirements of the auxiliaries of
one gas turbine. Later, other auxiliaries can be started with the help of running gas turbine

Chapter: 6
CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF GAS TURBINE
6.1 Compressor Section
The axial-flow compressor consists of the compressor rotor and the enclosing casing. The inlet
guide vanes, the seventeen stages of the rotor and stator balding and the two exit guide vanes are
included with in the compressor casing.
In the compressor, air is confined to the space between the rotor and stator balding where it is
compressed in stages by a series of alternate rotating (rotor) and stationary (stator) aerofoil
-shaped blades. The rotor blades supply the force needed to compress the air in each stage and
the stator blades guide the air so that it enters the following rotor stage at the proper angle .The
compressed air exits through the compressor discharge casing to the combustion chambers. Air is
exerted from the compressor for turbine cooling bearing sealing and, during start-up, for
pulsation control.
6.1.1 Rotor:
The compressor rotor is an assembly of fifteen wheels two stub shaft, through bolts, and the
compressor rotor bulkhead .The first stage rotor blades are mounted on the wheel portion of the
forward stub shaft.
6.1.2 Stator:
The stator (casing) area of the compressor section is composed of five major sections:
(1) Inlet Casing
(2) Inlet Guide Vanes
(3) Forward Compressor Casing
(4) Aft Compressor Casing
(5) Compressor Discharge Casing

6.2 Combustion Section:
The combustion system is the reverse flow type and comprises ten combustion chambers with
liners, flow sleeves, transition pieces and crossfire tubes. Flame detectors, crossfire tubes, fuel
nozzles and spark plug igniters are also part of the complete system. Hot gases, generated from
the burning of fuel in the combustion chambers, are used to drive the turbine.
6.2.1 Combustion Chambers:
Discharge air from the axial-flow compressor enters the combustion chambers from the cavity
at the center of the unit. The air flows upstream along the outside of the combustion liner
towards the 1 inner cap . This air enters the combustion chamber reaction zone through the fuel
nozzle swirl tip(when fitted) and through metering holes in both the cap and liner .When the
nozzles supplied are not of the type fitted with a swirl tip, the combustion chambers are fitted
with a tabulator system.
The hot combustion gases from the reaction zone pass through a thermal soaking zone and then
into a dilution zone where additional air is mixed with a combustion gases. Metering holes in the
dilution zone allows the correct amount of air to enter and cool the gases to the required
temperature. Openings located along the length of the combustion liner and in the liner cap
provide a film of air for cooling the walls on the liner and cap. Transition pieces direct the hot
gases from the liners to the turbine nozzles.
The ten combustion chamber casings are identical with the exception of those fitted with spark
plugs or flame detectors.
6.2.2 Spark Plugs:
Combustion is initiated by means of high-voltage, retractable -electrode spark plugs installed in
two of the combustion chambers. This spring -injected and pressure -retracted plugs receive their
energy from ignition transformers. At the time of firing, a spark at one or both of these plugs
ignites the combustion gases in a chamber. The gases in the remaining chambers are ignited by
crossfire through the tubes that interconnect the reaction zones of the remaining chambers. As

rotor speed increases, chamber pressure causes the spark plugs to retract and the electrodes are
removed from the combustion zone.
GAS PRESSURE ( kg/cm2 ) 22 kg/cm2
HYDRAULIC OIL PRESSURE ( kg/cm2 ) 80 kg/cm2
GENERATOR BEARING PRESSURE ( kg/cm2 ) 0.5 kg/cm2
RATIO VALVE GAS PRESSURE ( kg/cm2 ) 16 kg/cm2
LUBE OIL PRESSURE ( kg/cm2 ) 2 kg/cm2
GAS TEMPERATURE (deg C ) 120 deg C
LUBE OIL TANK TEMPERATURE (deg C ) 50-60 deg C
GENERATOR rpm 3000
GENERATOR TURBINE rpm 5000
GENERATING VOLTAGE( kilo volt ) 11KV
TURBINE MW 35.5 MW
Table No.- 6.1 : Gas Turbine-1 (GT-1)
GAS PRESSURE ( kg/cm2 ) 22 kg/cm2
HYDRAULIC OIL PRESSURE ( kg/cm2 ) 80 kg/cm2
GENERATOR BEARING PRESSURE ( kg/cm2 ) 0.5 kg/cm2
RATIO VALVE GAS PRESSURE ( kg/cm2 ) 16 kg/cm2

LUBE OIL PRESSURE ( kg/cm2 ) 2 kg/cm2
GAS TEMPERATURE (deg C ) 120 deg C
LUBE OIL TANK TEMPERATURE (deg C ) 50-60 deg C
GENERATOR rpm 3000
GENERATOR TURBINE rpm 5000
GENERATING VOLTAGE ( kilo volt) 11KV
TURBINE MW 37.5 MW
Table No. 6.2 : Gas Turbine-2 (GT-2)
6.3 STG (Steam Turbine Generator)
INTRODUCTION:
Steam turbo generator in RGTPP is the capacity of 87.5 MW and STG runs in combined cycle
mode utilizing heat of GT-1 and GT-2. In such combined power plant higher thermal efficiency
as compare to coal thermal power plant.
6.3.1 Turbine:
The function of the turbine is to drive the generator at a speed of 3000 rpm. The heat energy of
steam (enthalpy) is converted in mechanical energy as steam expands in turbine. Before entering
the main steam in turbine it passes through emergency stop valve and control valve located at
turbine floor, there are 53 stages in turbine, one stage consists of a set of fixed blade mounted on
inner casing and rotary blade mounted on turbine shaft. LP injection is connected after 43 stages
of turbine. The turbine shaft is supported by the front bearing (Journal & thrust bearing) and the
rear bearing (Journal bearing) .The axial thrust produced in the moving blades is balanced by
balancing drum located in the front side of turbine. The residual thrust forces of turbine that have
not been compensated by balancing piston are taken up by the front thrust bearing .The rear
bearing of turbine houses the oil hydraulic turning device used for running the turbine on bearing
gear. Turbine gland sealing is done to avoid air entry initially at both gland ends at in running to

seal the LP end gland. When turbine is running sealing is done through turbine leak steam itself
and balance steam flows to condenser.
6.3-1-1 Turbine Oil System:
a)Main Oil Tank (MOT):
MOT is located on 5m. It serves for storing the oil volume required for governing and
Lubrication system .Oil vapor in oil tank are vented out by an oil vapor exhaust fan installed at
the top of MOT. The MOT is provided with oil centrifuge inlet connection at bottom and the oil
centrifuge return is connected back to oil tank. The oil centrifuge cleans the oil stored in MOT.
b)MOP:
Lubrication oil needed for turbine bearing, governing oil system and barring gear is supplied by
MOPs .The bearing Lubrication oil is supplied after cooler and duplex filter but governing oil
and barring gear oil flows directly from the MOP discharge header.
Discharge Pressure -- 10.2kg/cm2
Flow -- 150 m3
/hr
Motor rating --55 KW, 93 A
Standby pump comes in service at header pr below --6.5 Kg/cm2
c) DC EOP:
In case of tripping /non availability of both MOPS ,DCEOP server for supplying oil for bearing
cooling .The emergency oil pump cuts in automatically when oil header pr falls below 0.9
Kg/cm2
in the event of further pressure fall in header, Oil shall be fed from an overhead oil tank
placed about 6.5 m over the turbine.
(d) Jacking Oil Pump (JOP):
In the case of start up and shut down, on barring gear it is necessary to supply the high oil pr to
lift the shafting system slightly so as to avoid metal to metal contact. Friction between shaft and
bearing .For this purpose two nos. JOPS are provided; one is AC-JOP and another is DC-JOP.

Fig.No.6.1-Oil Cooling System
6.4 Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG):
Two no. of HRSG Established; one each for steam generation utilizing waste heat of exhaust
gases of GT1 GT2 respectively .HSRG is natural circulation Unfired Steam Generator Feed
water coming from BFP discharge passes through the tube bunches of different modules of heat
transfer surfaces and gets heated by gas turbine exhaust flowing in surrounding duct.
HRSG has nine heat transfer surfaces as mentioned below:
(i) High Pressure Super Heater
(ii) HP-evaporator including HP drum
(iii) HP-Economizer for preheating the feed water entering in drum. These are three in
nos.
(iv) LP- Super Heater
(v) LP- Evaporator including LP drum
(vi) LP- Economizer
(vii) Condensate preheated (CPH) for heating condensate water before flowing to Deaerator.

Fig No.6.2-Power Plant View
HPBFP-1,2,3 425 Kw 3
LPBFP-1,2,3 22 Kw 3
HP DOSING PUMP(HP CIRCUIT) 0.75Kw 4
LP DOSING PUMP(LP CIRCUIT) 0.37Kw 4
DEARATOR 1
Table No. 6.3: HRSG -1 & 2

Fig No.6.3 -Water Tube Boiler
Fig.No. 6.4-H.R.S.G
Gas Cycle In HRSG:
HP Super Heater -- HP Evaporator -- HP Eco III -- LPSH --LP Evaporator -- HP Eco II -- LP
Eco -- HP Eco I – CPH -- Chimney
6.5 Generator

The gas turbine is coupled with the generator. The alternator converts the mechanical energy of
the turbine into electrical energy. The output of the alternator is given to the bus-bars through
transformers, isolators and circuit breakers.
MW -- 40.8
Pf -- 0.80
MVA -- 51
Stator volt – 11kV
Stator current -- 2677A
Rotor volt -- 246V
Rotor amp -- 717A
6.6 Water & Steam Cycle Equipment:
6.6.1 Water & Steam Cycle:
Dearator -- HP BFP --Feed water control station --HP Eco -- HP drum –HP SH--Turbine (HP
Steam) --Condenser --CEP--Ejector --GSC--CPH --Dearator control valve station --dearator.
For LP MS another cycle sub-path through LP BFP is maintained:
Dearator --LP BFP --LP Eco --LP drum --LP SH -Turbine (LP Injection Steam)
6.6.1-1 Deaerator
(Physical Location- Between HRSG 1 & HRSG 2):
It is in two parts; one is Dearating column where Dearation takes place in spray valve cum tray
chamber and another is feed water storage tank which is used as water reservoir tank with
capacity of 27.5 m3
.Whole assembly is known as Dearator. Steam pegging is also done in
Dearator to increase Dearation, feed water temp and BFP suction pressure .Condensate discharge
through CPH (condensate preheater comes here in a chamber with 12 spray valve and 9 tray s

and Dearation takes place. Air comes out of the air vent vent and water flows down in reservoir
feed water Storage tank.
Dearator level: Normal: 0 mm
Low (alarm) :(-) 400 mm
Very low (tripping of BFP) : (-) 1500 mm
6.6-1-2 HP BFP
(Physical location: below Dearator and between HRSG 1 & HRSG 2) -
High pressure Boiler feed pumps are three in nos. and two are continuously running for full load
operation.
HP BFP cooling: –
(i) oil cooling for bearing and oil level around 1/2 of the pot
size in maintained in oil pot
(ii) Seal water cooler for cooling DM water, which is used
for sealing the gland. The flushing DM water is further cooled in seal water cooler by ACW
water.
(iii) ACW cooling for bearing oil chamber.
Permissive for starting HP BFP --
(i) Suction valve open
(ii) Ready to start -i.e. switchgear remote clearance signal is ok
(iii) deaerator level ok-above
(iv) Pump bearing temp normal -below 80 deg
(v) Motor bearing temp normal -below 80 deg
(vi) Motor winding temp normal -below 80 deg.
One recirculation line tapped from discharge line is connected to deaerator to facilitate minimum
discharge flow while BFP is running .The balance leak off line taped from impeller intermediate
stage is also connected to deaerator to balance thrust. The manual valves of these lines located at

deaerator floor should be kept open at the time of starting BFP. Manual suction valve and
motorized discharge valve are located at the floor just above BFP. All the three discharge valves
are opened while starting first BFP on auto.
6.6-1-3 LP BFP
(Physical location: below deaerator and between HRSG 1 & HRSG2):
LP BFPS are similar in constructions and operation as HP BFP mentioned above but with very
low capacity as compared to the HP BFP.
LP BFP cooling –
(i) Oil cooling for bearing and oil level around1/2 of the post size is
maintained in oil pot.
(ii) Seal water cooler for cooling the DM water which is used for
sealing the gland .The flushing DM water is further cooled in seal water cooler by ACW water.
(iii) ACW cooling for bearing oil chamber.
LP BFP tripping ---
(i) Discharge pressure --14kg/cm2
(ii) deaerator level is very low-(-)1500mm
Permissive for starting LP BFP --
1>Suction valve open
2> Ready to start -i.e. switchgear remote clearance signal is ok
3>deaerator level not low i.e. above(-) 400 mm
6.6-1-4 Condenser –
Turbine exhaust is connected to condenser. Condenser here used is surface condenser.
Circulating water pump discharge water flows through condenser tubes &cools steam in
surrounding areas coming out of turbine. Hot well is bottom part of condenser where condensate
resulting from condensation of steam is collected and we can add make up water here to
compensate line losses of closed water cycle.

Condenser pressure -- (-) 0.9 kg/cm2
Low -- very low Hotwell level ---0 mm (normal)
Condenser cooling water temp. --33.0 deg
6.6-1-5 Condenser Extraction Pump
(Physical location at (-) 1m level):
Condensate Extraction pump ( CEP) are three in nos. and out of them two pumps run for full
load operation .These vertical pumps are used to facilitate pumping the condensate back to
deaerator .
Discharge pressure ----14.8 kg/cm2
Flow----107 m3/ hr
Full load current ----123 A
Motor rating ----75 Kw
6.6-1-6 Ejector
(Physical location: 5m) –
Ejectors are used to create vacuum in condenser. Starting ejector is charged initially to create
fast vacuum. Starting Ejector basically consist of a nozzle through which pressure energy of
incoming aux steam is converted in kinetic energy and passing through high velocity it
entails air from condenser and the exhausted air and steam mixture flows to the atmosphere
.Whereas in main ejector aux steam accelerating through nozzle is also being utilized in heating
CEP discharge condensate and the condensed steam flows to condenser through manual valves
instead of being exhausted to atmosphere as in case of starting ejector.
6.6-1-7 Gland Steam Cooler (GSC)
(Physical location: 5m)-

Here condensate flows in GSC tubes and heated gland steam coming out of the turbine gland
sealing.
6.6-1-8 Condensate Preheater (CPH)
(Physical location: HRSG drum floor):
CPH is located as a last heat transfer surface in exhaust gas path before flowing to 70m high
stack. Condensate water flowing in CPH tubes heated through exhaust gas.
CPH inlet water temp ----48 deg
CPH outlet water temp---94.7 deg
6.7 HP Bypass & LP Bypass (HPBP& LPBP):
HPBP and LPBP are used to bypass the turbine rolling parameter is achieved. HPBP line is
tapped off from individual HRSG MS line and valves are located at 5 m in front of condenser.
Similarly LPBP line is tapped off from individual HRSG (LP system) and one valve is located in
the front of condenser at 5m and another is behind the condenser at separate platform. HPBP &
LPBP dumps MS directly to condenser after reducing pressure .Downstream temp are reduced in
case of HPBP by spraying BFP discharge water.
HPBP /LPBP control valves flows on following protections:
HPBP /LPBP solenoid valve open on protection.
(i) Generator circuit breaker open
(ii) Turbine tripped
6.8 Auxiliaries:
(i) Circulating Water Pump (CW Pump):
These are three in nos. and located in pump house .These pumps are used for circulating water
through condenser tubes so as to condense the turbine exhaust steam
Discharge pr---2.5kg/cm2
Flow--- 4500 m3/hr
Full load current ---43 A

Motor rating ---400kW, 6.6kV
(ii) Auxiliary Cooling Water Pump (ACW Pump):
These are two in nos. and also located in pump house. These pumps are used for following
purpose:
(a) BFG bearing and seal water cooling
(b) Generator air cooling
(c) Compressor lubes oil cooling
(d) Turbine bearing oil cooling
(e) In GT area for gas booster compressor and atomizing air cooler ACW pumps along with
CW pumps take suction from pump located underground beneath them and return is cooled by
cooling towers.
Discharge pressure ---4.5 kg/cm2
Flow ---655 m3 /hr
Full load current ---215 A
Motor rating ---125 kW, 415v
Chapter: 7
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS OF GENERATOR AND EXCITER
Generator:
The generator is two pole, cylindrical rotor, air cooled type-TARI, Siemens,Designs of BHEL
make.
Main components of generator are –
7.1 Stator
7.1.1 Stator frame
7.1.2 Stator core

7.1.3 Stator windings
7.1.4 Stator and covers
7.2 Rotor
7.2.1 Rotor Shaft
7.2.2 Rotor winding and retaining ring
7.2.3 Field connections
7.3 Bearings
7.4 Generator and Air Cooler
7.5 Excitation System
7.1 Stator:
7.1.1 Stator Frame:
Stator frame supports the laminated core and stator winding. It is welded construction consisting
of stator frame housing, two flanged rings, axial and radial ribs. The dimensions and
arrangement of ribs is determined by cooling air passage and required material strength and
stiffness. Ventilating air ducts are provided in the radial ribs. Footings are provided to support
the stator frame on foundation plates by means of bolts.
7.1.2 Stator Core:
Stator core is build from silicon steel electrical grade laminations. Each lamination is made up
from number of individual segments. Segments are stacked on insulating bars which hold them
in position. One bar is kept un- insulated to provide grounding of laminated core.
The laminations are hydraulically compressed and located in frame by means of camping bolts
and pressure plates.
Clamping bolts run through the core and are made of non magnetic steel and are insulated from
the core to prevent short circuiting of the core. Clamping fingers are provided at the ends which
ensure compression in teeth area. The clamping fingers are made up of non magnetic steel to
avoid eddy current losses.

7.1.3 Stator Winding:
Stator winding is two layers short pitch winding consisting of stator bars of rectangular cross
section.
Each bar consists of number of separately insulated strands. In slot portion the strands are
transposed to ensure uniform distribution of current over entire cross section of the bar. The high
voltage insulation is epoxy cast resin type bonded with mica. The insulation is continuous, void
free, extremely low moisture absorbent, oil resistant and exhibits excellent electrical, mechanical
and thermal properties. A coat of semi conducting varnish is applied over the surface of all bars
within the sot range to minimize corona discharges between and slot wall.
All the bars are additionally provided with end corona protection to control the field at that
location and to prevent formation of creep age sparks. Several layers of semi conductive varnish
are applied at varying lengths to ensure uniform electric field. A final wrapping of glass fabric
tape impregnated with epoxy resin is provided which serves as surface protection. The stator bars
are inserted in slots with very small clearances. At the top they are secured by slot wedges and
ripple springs. In the end windings the bars are firmly lasted to supporting brackets. Spacer
blockers are placed between the bars to take care of electromagnetic forces that may be produced
during short-circuits. The beginning and the ends of the three phase winding are solidly bolted to
output leads with flexible. Output leads are copper flats inserted into insulating sleeve.
7.1.4 Stator End Covers:
Stator and covers are attached to the end flanges of stator frame and rest on a foundation frame.
The end covers aluminum alloy castings.

Fig No.7.1-Steam Turbine
Fig No.7.2- Bearing

Fig No.7.3- Steam Turbine Cover
7.2 Rotor:
7.2.1 Rotor Shaft:
The rotor shaft is single piece solid forging. Slots for winding are miled into rotor body. Axial
and radial holes are provided at the base of the rotor teeth forming air cooling ducts.
7.2.2 Rotor Winding:
The rotor winding consists of several series connected coils which form north and south poles.
The conductors have rectangular cross section and are provided with axial slots for radial
discharge of hot air. Individual conductor is bend to obtain half turn. After insertion into slots
these turns are brazed to form one full turn. Individual coils are series connected so that one
north and one South Pole are obtained. Conductors are made of copper having 0.1% silver
content to provide high strength at higher temperatures so that coil deformation due to thermal
stresses is avoided. Individual turn of the coil is insulated with glass fiber tape. Glass fiber
laminates are used slot insulation.
To protect the winding against the effects of centrifugal forces the winding is secured in the slots
with wedges. Slot wedges are made from alloy high strength and high electrical conductivity

material. This also acts as damper winding. At the ends, slot wedges are short circuited through
the retaining ring which acts as short circuiting ring to induced currents in damper windings.
Retaining rings of high strength of non magnet steel are provided.
7.2.3 Field Connections:
The connections of the rotor windings are brought out at the exciter side shaft end through rotor
shaft bore.
7.3 Bearings
The rotor is supported in two sleeve bearings. To eliminate shaft currents the exciter end bearing
is insulated from the foundation frame & oil piping. Temperatures of the bearing are monitored
by two RTDs embedded in the lower half of the sleeve bearing. Bearings also have provision of
fixing vibration pickups to monitor bearing vibrations transmitted from the shaft.
HEADER PRESSURE ( kg/cm2 ) 8.8 kg/cm2
LUBE OIL TANK TEMPERATURE(deg C ) 50 deg C

AUXILARY STEAM PRESSURE 11.2 kg/cm2
AUXILARY STEAM TEMPERATURE (deg C ) 180 deg C
CONDENSOR VACCUME VALUE ( kg/cm2 ) -0.92 kg/cm2
SEAL STEAM PRESSURE ( kg/cm2 ) 0.3 kg/cm2
SEAL STEAM TEMPERATURE (deg C ) 120 deg C
CEP HEADER PRESSURE ( kg/cm2 ) 15 kg
CEP MOTOR CURRENT ( amp ) 95 amp
HPCV POSITION 0-100%
LPCV POSITION 0-100%
CONTROL OIL PRESSURE ( kg/cm2 ) 8 kg/cm2
TRIP OIL PRESSURE ( kg/cm2 ) 9 kg/cm2
BEARING OIL PRESSURE ( kg/cm2 ) 0.35 kg/cm2
BEARING OIL TEMPERATURE (deg C ) 55 deg C
STEAM TURBINE rpm 3000 rpm
GENERATOR rpm 3000 rpm
GENERATING VOLTAGE ( kilo volt ) 11kv
TURBINE MW 37.5 MW
TYPE OF COOLING ONAN/ONAF
RATING H.V (M.V.A) 40/50
RATING L.V (M.V.A) 40/50
NO LOAD VOLTAGE H.V (KV) 138
NO LOAD VOLTAGE L.V (KV) 11
LINE CURRENT H.V (AMPS.) 167.35 209.19
2099.46 2624.32LINE CURRENT L.V (AMPS.)
TEMPERATURE RISE OIL (DEGREE C) 50 deg
TEMPERATURE RISE WINDING (DEGREE C) 55 deg

PHASE 3
FREQUENCY (Hz) 50
CONNECTON SYMBOL YNd 11
MANUFACTURING UNIT JHANSI
% GURANTED IMPEDENCE AT NORMAL TAP
VOLTAGE % (HV-LV)
12.5 + ISTOL (AT 50 MVA
BASED )
CORE AND WINDING (Kg) 35000
WEIGHT OF OIL (Kg) (INCLUDING 10%
EXTRA)
21500
TOTAL WEIGHT INCLUDING OIL (Kg) 87000
OIL QUANTITY (LITRE) (INCLUDING 10%
EXTRA )
24000
TRANSPORT WEIGHT (Kg) (GAS FILLED) 45000
UNTANKING WEIGHT (Kg) 35000
Table No. 7.1: Steam Turbine Generator
H.V 650 KVP/300 K.V.rms
L.V 75 KVP/28 K.V.rms
H.V.N 95 KVP/38 K.V.rms
Table No. 7.2: Insulation Level
7.4. Air Cooling Circuits:
The cooling air is circulated in the generator by two axial flow fans fixed at each end of the rotor
shaft. Cold air is drawn by fans from cooler compartment located at the side of the generator.
The cooling air directed into the rotor end winding and cools the windings. Some air flows in the
rotor slots at bottom duct from where it is discharged into the air gap via radial ventilating slots
in the coil and bores in the rotor wedges.

Part of the flow is directed over the stator overhang to the cold air duct and to the gap between
the stator frame and stator core. Air then flows through ventilating ducts in the core into the air
gap.
The balanced air is directed into the air gap over the retaining rings cooling it.
7.5 Excitation System:
The excitation system is of brushless type and consists of following-
1. three phase pilot exciter
2. three phase main exciter
3. rectified wheel
The three phase pilot exciter is a permanent magnet type. Three phase output from the pilot
exciter is fed into the AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator).From the AVR regulated dc output is
fed to the stationary field coils of main exciter. The three phase output from the rotating armature
of the main exciter is fed to the rectifier wheel, from where it is fed to the field winding of the
generator rotor through dc leads in the rotor shaft.
7.5.1 Pilot Exciter:
Pilot exciter is six pole units. The stator is consists of laminated core and carries three phase
winding. Rotor consists of hub on which six permanent magnets poles are mounted.
7.5.2 Main Exciter:
Main exciter is six pole revolving armature types. Field winding and poles are mounted on stator.
At the pole shoe the damper winding is provided. Between the two poles a quadrature axis coil is
fitted for induced measurement of armature current or generator rotor current.
7.5.3 Rectifier Wheel:
Main components of the rectifier wheels are silicon diodes arranged in three phase bridge
configuration. Each diode is fixed in a heat sink. A fuse provided for each diode to switch off the

diode when it fails. These fuses in the diodes can be checked while generator is running, with the
help of stroboscope.
Chapter : 8
132 KV SWITCH YARD
Ramgarh GTPP contains 132 KV switch Yard. The switchyard houses transformers, circuit
breakers, and switches for connecting and disconnecting the transformers and circuit breakers. It
also has lightning arrestors for the protection of power station against lightning strokes.
The supply to the bus bars from alternators is taken through the transformers and circuit
breakers of suitable ratings.
Some components are-
8.1 Bus Bars:
Bus –Bars term is used for a main bar or conductor carrying an electric current to which many
connections may be made.

There are two buses of 132 KV, 800A, in Ramgarh GTPP to which incoming and outgoing
feeders, Bus Couplers, Isolators, Circuit Breakers, protective Relays, Current Transformers (CT)
and Potential Transformers (PT) are connected are connected.
One Bus is usually is called ‘main’ bus and the other ‘auxiliary’ or ‘transfer’ bus.
The switches used for connecting feeders or equipment to one bus or the other are called selector
or transfer switches.
8.2 Insulators:
The porcelain insulators employed in switch yard of the post and bushing type. They serve as
supports and insulation of the bus bars.
8.3 Isolators:
Isolator is a off load switch. Isolators are not equipped with arc quenching devices and therefore,
not used to open circuits carrying current. Isolator isolates one portion of the circuit from another
and is not intended to be opened while current is flowing. Isolators must not be opened until the
circuit is interrupted by some other means. If an isolator is opened carelessly, when a heavy
current, the resulting arc could easily cause a flash over to earth. This may shatter the supporting
insulators and may even cause the fatal accident to the operator, particularly in high voltage
circuits.
While closing a circuit, the isolator is closed first, then circuit breaker. Isolators are necessary on
supply side of circuit breakers in order to ensure isolation (disconnection) of the circuit breaker
from the live parts for the purpose of maintenance.
8.4 Circuit Breakers:
A circuit breaker is an on load switch. A circuit breaker is a mechanical device designed to open
or close contact members, thus closing or opening an electrical circuit under normal or abnormal
conditions. It is so designed that it can be operated manually (or by remote control) under normal
conditions and automatically under fault conditions. An automatic circuit breaker is equipped
with a trip coil connected to a relay or other means, designed to open or break automatically
under abnormal conditions, such as over current.
SF6 circuit breakers are used in RGTPP.

A circuit breaker must carry normal load currents without over heating or damage and must
quickly open short-circuit currents without serious damage to itself and with a minimum burning
contacts. Circuit breakers are rated in maximum voltage, maximum continuous current carrying
capability, and maximum interrupting capability, maximum momentary and 4-second current
carrying capability.
Thus functions of the circuit breaker are-
1. To carry fill load current continuously
2. To open and close the circuit on no load
3. To make and break the normal operating current
4. To make and break the short circuit currents of magnitude up to which it is designed for.
8.5 Protective Relays:
The protective relay is an electrical device interposed between the main circuit and the circuit
breaker in such a manner that any abnormality in the current acts on the relay, which in turn, if
the
abnormality is of dangerous character, causes the breaker to open and so to isolate the faulty
element. The protective relay ensures the safety of the circuit equipment from any damage,
which might otherwise caused by fault.
All the relays have three essential fundamental elements-
1. Sensing Element, sometimes also called the measuring elements, responds to the change
actuating quantity, the current in a protected system in case of over current relay.
2. Comparing Element serves to compare the action of the actuating quantity on the relay with
a pre-selected relay setting.
3. Control Element, on a pickup of the relay, accomplishes a sudden change in the control
quantity such as closing of the operative current circuit.
The connections are divided into three main circuits consisting of

a) Primary winding of the CT connected in series with the main circuit to be protected.
b) Secondary winding of the CT and the relay operating winding and
c) The tripping circuit
Under normal operating conditions, the voltage induced in the secondary winding of the CT is
small and, therefore, current flowing in the relay-operating coil is insufficient in magnitude to
close the relay contacts. This keeps the trip coil of the circuit breaker de-energized.
Consequently, the circuit breaker contacts remain closed and it carries the normal load current.
When a fault occurs, a large current flows through the primary of the CT. this increases the
voltage induced in the secondary and hence the
current flowing through the relay operating coil. The relay contacts are closed and the trip coil of
the breaker gets energized to open the breaker contacts.
8.6Current Transformers (CT)
A current transformer basically consists of an iron core on which are wound a primary and one
or two secondary windings. The primary is inserted in the power circuit (the circuit in which the
current is to be measured) and the secondary winding of the current transformer is connected to
the indicating and metering equipments and relays are connected.
At GTPP, current transformers are provided in switchyard to measure the current of the feeders.
There are five cores in current transformers. The 1st
, 2nd
, 4th
and 5th cores are provided for
protection and the third core is used for measurement purpose.
These CT are of the ratio of 200/1, 400/1, and 1200/1. When the rated current of CT flows
through its primary winding, according to transformation ratio the current in the secondary of the
CT will flow and will be measured by the indicating instruments connected to the secondary of
the CT.
8.7Potential Transformers (PT)/ Voltage Transformer (VT)
At GTPP, in switchyard, there are two voltage transformers, namely VT-1 and VT-2, to measure
the voltage on the bus bars. The primary winding of the VT is connected to the main bus bar of
the switchgear installation and, various indicating and metering equipments and relays are

connected to the secondary winding. When the rated high voltage is applied to the primary of the
voltage transformer, the voltage of some specific value will appear on the secondary of the VT,
and the indicating equipments measure this.
8.8 Lightning Arrestors:
A lightning arrester is basically a surge diverter and used for the protection of power system
against the high voltage surges. It is connected between the line and earth so as to divert the
incoming extra high voltage wave to the earth.
It consists of a linear resistance. At GTPP, it is so designed that at 132 KV its resistance remains
infinity and during lightning, when the excess incoming voltage (near about 1 crore or 10 crore)
falls on the line, this resistance, falls down to zero value and it shorts the circuit, resulting in flow
of lightning current to earth.
8.9 Current Voltage Transformers (CVT)
CVT are provided for synchronization purpose at feeders to measure phase angle, voltage and
frequency. For joining the feeders coming from different places or for synchronization of
feeder’s voltage, phase angle and frequency at the joining place must be of same value.
8.10 Wave Trap:
All the telephone lines in RGTPP are connected through Wave Trap to ensure effective
communication in emergencies.
8.11 Bus Coupler:
Bus coupler is connected to couple two buses, which are provided in parallel. When fault occurs
in one bus, load of the faulted bus is transferred to the second bus.

CONCLUSION
After analyzing the RGTPP 270 MW combined cycle power plant, we can describe that this
power plant is a very efficient one as compared to other power plants in its series.
Also, we would like to add up that it is very compact in size, less pollutive to nature, easily
controlled & decent power plant that we had ever seen.
We really had nice time here & got a treasure of practical knowledge from the RGTPP employees.
In future we are sure that this vocational training in RGTPP is going to help us in our rest of the
studies

REFERENCE
 Manuals provided by the company
 Books collected:
• Power System by J.B. Gupta
• Mechanical Engineering by A.K. Rajvanshi
• Elements of Mechanical engineering by Mathur*Mehta*Tewari
 Websites
• www.ntpc.co.in
• www.wikipedia.com

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