This document summarizes a seminar on participatory research and development for natural resource management. The seminar covered topics such as natural resource management, participatory research and development approaches, changing agendas in the field, and case studies. It defined key concepts and outlined the objectives, components, tools, and principles of participatory research and development for natural resource management. Case studies presented examined the impacts of user participation, approaches to land use modeling, and effects of participatory communication strategies. The seminar emphasized collaboration across stakeholders to address sustainability challenges through participatory approaches.

1. WELCOME
1

2. I - SEMINAR
ON
PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT FOR
NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
PRESENTATION BY :
BHAGYA VIJAYAN
PALB 3120
Sr. M.Sc.(Agril. Extn.)

3. GIST OF THE SEMINAR
• Introduction
• Objectives
• Natural Resource Management
• Participatory Research & Development
• Changing Agenda of PR&D
• PR&D in NRM
• Research Studies
• Conclusion

4. INTRODUCTION
NATURAL RESOURCES
Natural resources are natural assets/ raw materials
occurring in nature that can be used for economic
production or consumption.
(World Trade Organization)
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5. OBJECTIVES OF THE SEMINAR
1. To know the concept of Natural Resource
Management and Participatory Research
2. To understand and discuss Participatory
Research &Development in NRM
3. To review the research studies on PR&D in
NRM
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6. NATURAL RESOURCES?????
Basis of Origin
BIOTIC
ABIOTIC
On Renewability
RENEWABLE
NON -
RENEWABLE
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7. NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
 Management of natural resources
Approaches applied to Natural Resource Management
1.Community-based Natural Resource
Management
2.Adaptive Management
3.Integrated Natural Resource Management
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8. OWNERSHIP REGIMES & EXTERNALITY
COMMON
PROPERTY
Tragedy of
commons
Externality
•Positive
•Negative
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9. VALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
1.DIRECT
VALUATION
2.TRAVEL
COST
METHOD
3.HEDONIC
PRICING
4.CONTINGENT
VALUATION
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10. KEY DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT
Empowerment Equity
Sustainability Security
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11. GENESIS OF PR&D
• North America & Europe
- (1950’s –’60’s)
 Community-based approaches to the creation of
knowledge
• Research – not a dispassionate act but an act of solidarity,
active support and active participation
• International Council for Adult Education -1970’s
• International Participatory Research Network
- (1980’s and 1990’s)
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12. Epistemological Perspectives Surrounding Participatory
Research????
POSITIVISM
CONSTRUCTIVISM
PARTICIPATORY
RESEARCH
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13. PARTICIPATIVE RESEARCH (PR)
• The researcher and participants collaborate
actively in a well defined group process to study and
change their social reality. (Whyte, 1989)
•Primary goal : to create an environment and
process where context-bound knowledge emerges to
develop ‘local theory’
•All members of the organization as well as
community can participate
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14. Participants treat each other as
colleagues
The researcher’s role :
co-producer of learning
Researcher has less control over
the research design process
Has to be flexible to the
perspectives of participants
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15. IT IMPLIES..................
• Involves a whole range of people
• Subject of the research originates in
the community itself
• Goal - radical transformation and improvement of the lives of
the people by themselves
• Create greater awareness of their own resources & self-reliant
development
• Facilitates accurate and authentic analysis of social reality
• Researcher - committed participant and learner
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16. PR & ITS MAJOR COMPONENTS
1.PEOPLE
2.POWER
3.PRAXIS
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17. Phases and Activities of PR&D
Assessment
and Diagnosis
Experimenting With
Technology Options
Sustaining
Local
Innovation
Managing
PR&D
Dissemination and
Scaling Up
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18. Promoting and Developing Capacity for PR&D
SYNTHESIS
CAPACITY
DEVELOPMENT
INTEGRATION
SUPPORT
MECHANISMS
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19. The Changing Agenda of Participatory
Research and Development
•Encompasses : generating, sharing, exchanging, utilizing
knowledge
•Synergy
•Sources of knowledge: from local systems to global science
•Provides decision-support tools and information
•Holistic perspective : in Agriculture and Natural Resource
Management
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20. • Brings isolated
people together
Validates their
experiences
Contextualizes
individual problems or
weakness • Links
• Presents the
knowledge and
experiences of
the researchers
personal
experiences
to social
realities
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21. Types of Participation
CONSULTATIVE
PARTICIPATION
COLLABORATIVE
COLLEGIATE
CONTRACTUAL
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22. DIALOGUE AND CRITICAL REFLECTION
*Feature that
distinguishes
participatory
research from
other social
research -
dialogue
*Through
dialogue, people
come together
and participate
*Connectedness
leads to shared
meaning
*Encourages
people to voice
their
perspectives
and experiences
*Critically
examine the
sources and
implications of
knowledge
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23. Previous
experience
COMMUNITY
PERCEPTIONS OF
THE RESEARCH
Suitable
timings, non
sceptical,
credible
Previous
perceptions
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24. The Changing Agenda of Agricultural Research and
Development
Sustaining
productivity
gains
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Strengthening the capacity of
local farming communities Building
24
Equitable
distribution of
benefits
Shifting the focus of
research
synergy

25. Genesis of PR&D in NRM
1960’s
Farm Management Farm Economics, Engineering,Planning
1970’s
Physiology, Pathology , Entomology, Genetics,
Agronomy
Farming System Research
Crop
Ecology
(Janssen and Goldsworthy, 1996)
1980’s
1990’s
Natural Resource Management as part of Sustainable development
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26. Understanding PR in terms
of NRM
Emergence of two domains
Depends on two critical factors:
(1) Public concern about major issues
(2) Understanding of the interrelations between problems and the
ability to deal with these interactions in the research
methodology
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27. PR in NRM
An approach that aims at improving livelihoods, agro
ecosystem resilience, agricultural productivity and
environmental services, which aims to augment social,
physical, human, natural and financial capital, by solving
complex real-world problems affecting natural resources in
agro-ecosystems with the simultaneous participation of
researcher and people.
Biosphere
HOMEOSTASIS
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28. Five Principles of Good Practice in PR for NRM
1. Reflects a clear and coherent agenda
2. Addresses and integrates the complexities and dynamics
3. Applies the triangulation principle
4.Contributes to Planning
5. Based on two-way sharing of information
(Vernooy and McDougall, 2003)
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29. Four Major Issues addressed by NRM Research
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30. IMPACT ORIENTATION
• Paradoxical situation with regard to impact
• Desired impact remain rather diffuse
• Participatory NRM research requires a strong
impact orientation
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31. RESEARCH FOCUS
Three major research foci:
(1) The development and assessment of
technologies
(2) The generation of new technology contributes to
policy or management recommendations
(3) Developing approaches for organisational and
local innovation
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32. PATHWAY/STRATEGY TO IMPACT
• IARCs seek collaboration
(eg; NARC, NGO’s,farmers’ groups )
ROLE OF PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH
•Women and marginalised groups neglected
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33. An Agro -ecological Basis For Natural Resource
Management
• Poverty alleviation
• Food security and self reliance
• Ecological management of productive
resources
• Empowerment of rural communities
• Establishment of supportive policies
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34. LIVELIHOOD SECURITY
Production systems
Processing,
marketing and
consumption
Genetic resources
conservation
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35. ETHNOSCIENCE & RAPPORT BUILDING
Learning local
categories for
things
Understanding
how people use
their language
Games and
drawings can
be used to
elicit
information
Nothing but
folk knowledge
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36. INDIGENOUS ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE
CONTEXT
KNOWLEDGE BELIEF
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37. Role of Development Communication
PROBLEM
IDENTIFICATION
DEVELOPING A
RESEARCH
RELATIONSHIP
INTERVENTION PLANNING
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38. Property Rights and NRM
EXCLUDABILITY
ASSURANCE
DURATION
PROPERTY RIGHTS
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39. TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS AND NRM
Information
Environmental and
Price Risk
Wealth
Credit
Labour
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40. Towards Social and Gender Equity
• Management of agriculture and natural
resources involves interactive roles of
diverse social actors
•These stakeholders are not homogenous
or fixed groups, but differentiated by
social categories of gender, class, caste,
ethnicity and age
•Facilitating the recognition of the social
and gendered nature of technologies,
policies and interventions
•Creating a space for social actors (women
and men) to manoeuvre to have more
access to, control over, and benefits from
natural resources
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41. PARTICIPATORY GIS
• Incorporation of GIS in data collection
• Integration of local knowledge and
stakeholders’ perspectives
• Integration of social and natural
science information using spatial
databases in natural resources
research and development
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42. MONITORING AND EVALUATION
Efficiency
Effectiveness Relevance
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43. IMPEDIMENTS
RESEARCHER PEOPLE
 Archaic research and
development approach
 Lack of indigenous
knowledge
 Gender inequity
 Unprecedented approach
 Tech- unsavvy
 Non cooperation
 Culture Lag
 Gender inequality
 Scepticism
 Illiteracy
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44. SOME OF THE PARTICIPATORY TOOLS EMPLOYED IN NRM
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45. GLANCE THROUGH PARTICIPATORY TOOLS
EMPLOYED IN NRM
Transect walk
Watershed diagr4a5m

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47. Conflict analysis
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47

48. Crop budget
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49. 16-10-2014 49

50. RESEARCH STUDIES
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51. I. Measuring the Impact of User Participation in
Agricultural and Natural Resource Management Research
Nancy et.al.,
(2003)
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52. To assesses the impact of using participatory methods
• Three agricultural research projects which have a natural
resource management focus
Mixed methods of participation are used
• Four Areas of Focus
>Adoption and economic impact of project technologies
>Human and social capital among participating individuals
and communities
>Feedback to formal research institutions
>Costs of conducting the research
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53. TYPES OF PARTICIPATION
STAGE CONVENTIONAL CONSULTATIVE EMPOWERING FARMER
EXPERIMENTATION
collaborative collegial
Design WN,ICRISAT CIP CIP
Testing ICRISAT CIP,WN
Diffusion ICRISAT CIP CIP,WN CIP,WN,ICRISAT
PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS:
1. INTERNATIONAL POTATO CENTRE
2. INTERNATIONAL CROP RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR SEMI ARID TROPICS
3. WORLD NEIGHBOURS SOIL CONSERVATION WORK
METHODOLOGY : PRA TOOLS, Mother baby trial
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54. FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
User participation was found to influence
priorities and practices
Participation led to greater economic
impacts
Participation led to more relevant
technologies
Use of participatory methods decreased
research costs
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55. II. Combining top-down and bottom-up modelling
approaches of land use/ cover change to support public
policies: Application to sustainable management of natural
resources in northern Vietnam
Jean Christophe et.al.,
(2007)
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56. • To identify efficient modelling
approaches of land use/ cover
change (LUCC)
• Which will support public
policies related to sustainable
management of natural
resources
• Three modelling
methodologies &were applied
at same research site
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57. METHODOLOGY
SAMBA
METHODOLOGY
LAND USE PLANNING
AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM
(LUPAS)
METHODOLOGY
CONVERSION OF LAND
USE AND ITS EFFECTS
(CLUE) METHODOLOGY
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59. FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
• More than one tool/
method is needed to
address the different
aspects of eco-regional
analysis
• For better interaction
between the different
groups of stakeholders
more integration
between the methods is
needed
• (SAMBA) was found
to be more efficient
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60. III. Participatory Development Communication for Natural
Resources Management in Ratchaburi Province, Thailand
Cherdpong Kheerajit et.al.,
(2013)
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61. To study the effect of participatory development
communication in bringing stakeholders together to address
the problem of dissolution of the environment and natural
resources
Methodology
Secondary data collection, Interview
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62. The study centers the following variables
1.Information sharing 2.Consultation
5.Behavioural
changes
4.Collaboration 3.Empowerment
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63. FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
Participatory development communication plays significant
role in bringing together
Stakeholders
Government
Cost of natural resources management can be
lessened if there is
Proper
participation
proper communication
Participatory development
communication is correlated to
Knowledge Attitude Practice
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64. CONCLUSION
Shift from Millennium Development
Goals to Sustainable Development Goals
 Dogged progress of Nation
Thrust on food security
Burgeoning population
Collaboration
“Chalein Saath Saath”
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65. “Alone we can do so little, together we can do so much”
: Helen Keller
THANK YOU
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66. PR
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