detailed data about landfill sites what is land fill sites their operating and working

1. Gandhinagar Institute of
Technology
1. Deep Soni 140120107034
2. Bhargav Desai 140120107035
3. Rushika Dave 140120107032
4. Aarsi Dedaniya 140120107033
Landfill sites and
Dumping sites
Active Learning Assignment
ES-210007
Prepared By:
Guided By:
Prof. Jignesh Vaniya
Class – A
Batch – A 2

2. Since there is a rapid increase in the average trash
produced by a human being per day, it results in a
huge amount of additive increase in trash at a
international level.
Where Does our Trash Go?

3. 31% Recycled
69% Land filled

4. After recycling!
32%
14%
12%
6%
9%
9%
6%
12%
Paper
Yard Waste
Plastics
Wood
Metals
Food Waste
Glass
Other
Total 151.9 million tons
of trash per year

5. What is a trash?
Trash is a rubbish people throw away because
they can no longer use it.
Trash can be household, commercial or industrial.
There can be variations in the trash produced
depending on the consumption.

7. These huge sums of trash cannot be kept
in open.
They increase toxicity of the environment
and there will be no fresh air to breathe.
It promotes increase of parasites and give
birth to many diseases.
So to dispose of these wastes various
waste disposal techniques are used.

8. Of all the techniques, efficient ones
are
Landfill Sites

9. What is a landfill site?
A landfill site is a licensed facility where waste is deposited for
permanent disposal. It is a structured place
Whereas, a dumping site is a site same as a landfill but it is not
properly structured.
Probably it is a hole or a pit where waste is over thrown.

10. A Landfill
Cell
Tractors Compact Waste to Create
Layers in a Landfill Cell
The goal of a landfill is to cover it, isolate it,
and keep it from contaminating our air and
groundwater.

11. Problems the Landfill sites pose
Groundwater Contamination
Production of Landfill Gas
Landfill fires
Offensive odours
Litter
Pests (Vermin, seagulls, flies)
Increased traffic for duration of infilling
Long term settlement after completion

12. Groundwater Contamination
Groundwater contamination can occur if
Leachate leaks into the soils and rock
surrounding a landfill site, eventually making its
way to the water table.
Leachate is formed when water percolates
through solid waste.
It can be highly toxic.

13. Landfill Gas
Landfill gas is produced during the natural
breakdown of biodegradable waste.
The composition of landfill gas changes
over time.
The gas from a typical landfill site consists
mostly of methane and carbon dioxide.

14. Landfill fires
As waste decomposes it generates heat and
underground fires may start.
These are difficult to extinguish, may last for
long periods, and may spread throughout the
landfill.

15. How are landfills
made

16. Landfill Design
Modern landfills are designed to minimise these problems:
◦ Location
◦ Landfill Liner
◦ Compaction of waste
◦ Daily Cover
◦ Landfill Cap
◦ Leachate Management System
◦ Landfill Gas management System

18. Location
 In order to obtain a permit a landfill operator must first carry out a
detailed investigation and prove to the satisfaction of the planning
authority and the EA that the site:
◦ is located in a geologically stable area
◦ is not located on a major aquifer;
◦ Is not located in a vulnerable area;
◦ is designed to reduce the risk of damage to the environment and
human health;
◦ will be monitored regularly for the duration of operations and
aftercare period.

19. Liners
 Landfill Liners are constructed on the base and sides of a landfill site to prevent Leachate
from leaking into the surrounding soils.
 Landfill Liners may be constructed from:
◦ Compacted Clay
◦ Bentonite Enhanced Sand
◦ Geomembrane
◦ Geotextile Protector
◦ Dense Asphaltic Concrete (DAC)
◦ Combination of the above

21. How is Landfill operated

22. Waste is placed in layers approximately 3 m thick and
compacted.
At the end of each working day approximately 0.3 m of
clay or sand material is placed on top of the waste to:
◦ minimise the infiltration of rainwater
◦ isolate the waste from birds and vermin
◦ reduce odours
Landfill operations

23. Landfill operations
To prevent wastage and the formation of layers of weakness
within the waste mass the daily cover is scraped off and re-
used each day.
Leachate that collects at the base of the waste mass is
collected and re-circulated into the waste. This:
◦ increases the rate of decomposition of the waste and therefore, rate
of settlement;
◦ decreases disposal costs.

24. LANDFILL CAP
• Landfill caps placed above the waste after
completion of infilling prevent the infiltration of
rainwater, minimising the production of
Leachate.
• Landfill Caps are usually constructed from:
– Recomputed clay
– Geomembrane

26. Leachate management systems
Leachate management systems are installed to:
◦ prevent the accumulation of leachate in the base of the landfill
◦ collect, re-circulate and dispose of leachate during operations and
after closure
They comprise of:
◦ leachate drainage blanket at base of landfill
◦ pipes along base and sidewalls of landfill
◦ wells to monitor and extract the leachate

27. Landfill gas management system
Landfill gas management systems are installed to
prevent the build up of gases within the landfill and
to prevent migration of landfill gas through the
underlying strata.
There are 2 ways landfill gas can be managed:
◦ passive
◦ active

28. Passive management systems comprise of
wells with perforated tops to allow the gas to
vent into the atmosphere
Active management systems involve the active
extraction of the gas.
The extracted gas can be used to generate
electricity.

30. Electricity generating
system

31. Monitoring
Monitoring is carried out before, during, and after the
placement of waste.
Numerous monitoring wells are constructed around a
landfill site (both upstream and downstream) to check for
contamination.
Chemical testing is carried out regularly on:
◦ Groundwater
◦ Leachate
◦ Landfill Gas

32. Conclusion
Hence we conclude that landfill sites are not very
pleasant and common to visit, but they help use to
reduce the negative effects caused by wastes
generated by humans.

33. Thanking you