This document provides information about cancer stages from a presentation by Manipal Hospitals Dwarka, Delhi. It discusses the stages of cancer from in situ to invasive cancer and stages I through IV. Stage 0 is cancer in situ, stage I is a small, non-invasive tumor, stages II and III indicate larger or deeper tumors that may have spread to lymph nodes, and stage IV means the cancer has metastasized. Knowing the cancer stage helps doctors plan treatment and predict outcomes. The document emphasizes the importance of cancer diagnosis and treatment being integrated with early detection and palliative care programs.

1. A Presentation
On Stages of Cancer
By Manipal Hospitals Dwarka, Delhi
Book Online Appointment or Call us at
01149674967
1

2. Contents
● About Us
● Doctors
● Stages of Cancer
● Cancer Stage
Grouping
● Conclusion
2

3. About Manipal Hospitals Dwarka, Delhi
Manipal Hospitals is one of India’s foremost multi-specialty healthcare providers
catering to both Indian and international patients.
Manipal Hospitals Advantages:
● 75+ Lakhs Live Touched
● 60+ years of Experience
● 2000+ Expert Doctors
● 55+ Specialities
3

4. Our Doctors
Dr. Anusheel Munshi (HOD Radiation Oncology Sciences)
Dr. Vedant Kabra (HOD- Surgical Oncology)
Dr. Bidhu Kalyan Mohanti (Consultant- Radiation Oncology Sciences)
Dr. Peush Bajpai (Senior Consultant- Medical Oncology Sciences)
Dr. Siddharth Kumar Sahai (Consultant- Medical Oncology Sciences)
4

5. Stages of Cancer
● In situ cancer
Early cancer that has not invaded the basement membrane of tissue in which it
developed.
● Invasive cancer
Cancer that has spread beyond the BM and is growing into surrounding healthy
tissues. It is usually divided into 4 stages. TNM (T:Tumour size, L: Lymph node
status and M: Metastasis) is used for breast cancer.
5

6. Staging helps describe where a cancer is located, if or where it has spread, and whether it is
affecting other parts of the body. Doctors often use diagnostic tests to determine a cancer’s
stage. Knowing the stage helps the doctor:
● Plan treatment, including the type of surgery and/or whether chemotherapy or radiation
therapy are needed
● Predict the chance that the cancer will come back after the original treatment
● Predict the chance of recovery
● Talk about the diagnosis in a clear, common language with the entire health care team
● Determine how well the treatment worked
● Compare how well new treatments work among large groups of people with the same
diagnosis
6

7. Cancer stage grouping
Doctors combine the T, N, M results and other factors specific to the cancer to determine the stage of
cancer for each person. Most types of cancer have four stages: stages I (1) to IV (4). Some cancers also
have a stage 0 (zero)
● Stage 0. This stage describes cancer in situ, which means “in place.” Stage 0 cancers are still
located in the place they started and have not spread to nearby tissues. This stage of cancer is
often highly curable, usually by removing the entire tumor with surgery.
● Stage I. This stage is usually a small cancer or tumor that has not grown deeply into nearby
tissues. It also has not spread to the lymph nodes or other parts of the body. It is often called
early-stage cancer.
● Stage II and Stage III. In general, these 2 stages indicate larger cancers or tumors that have
grown more deeply into nearby tissue. They may have also spread to lymph nodes but not to other
parts of the body.
● Stage IV. This stage means that the cancer has spread to other organs or parts of the body. It
may also be called advanced or metastatic cancer. 7

8. 8

9. 9
Conclusion
Hence the diagnosis and treatment of cancer is a key component of any overall cancer
control plan. Its main goal is to cure cancer patients or prolong their life considerably,
ensuring a good quality of life. In order for a diagnosis and treatment programme to be
effective, it must never be developed in isolation. It needs to be linked to an early detection
programme so that cases are detected at an early stage, when treatment is more effective
and there is a greater chance of cure. It also needs to be integrated with a palliative care
programme, so that patients with advanced cancers, who can no longer benefit from
treatment, will get adequate relief from their physical, psychosocial and spiritual suffering.
Furthermore, programmes should include a awareness-raising component, to educate
patients, family and community members about the cancer risk factors and the need for
taking preventive measures to avoid developing cancer.

10. References
● https://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/diagnosing-cancer/stages-
cancer
● https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK179047/
10

11. Thank You!
11