Documento fornecido durante o curso de pesquisa da Google - Tipo de ficheiros

1. Lesson 3.2: Filetype
Access Lesson 3.2 slides here
In the last lesson, you explored the site: operator.
The next most common operator is called filetype:. Just as site: limited your results to
pages within a particular website, this is the way of limiting your results to files and
documents of a particular kind.
There are lots of different kinds of documents out there, including PDF files, flash files
(SWF), Google Earth files (KML), Excel files (XLS), and more. A lot of manuals, for
example, will be in PDF format.
Each type of file has an official three or four letter extension which tell you what kind of
document they are (e.g., PPT, PDF, DOCX). There may be some filetypes or file
extensions you may not know about, for example, CSV and DAT are commonly used to
represent globs of data that are out there in the world.
CSV stands for comma-separated values, and it is a file type that is used to store large
data sets. What that means is that you can go find a CSV on a particular kind of data
and then download that data set and work with it. There are some others you might not
have encountered before--for example, KMZ, which is one of two file types used in the
Google Earth product.
One thing to remember about filetype: is that you can use it in combination with site:.
So, if you say [site:stanford.edu filetype:pdf], you will get results that meet both of those
criteria:

2. Try that KML extension from Google Earth. The way filetype works is you simply type
[filetype:kml]. So, if you want to look for something like information on the Lewis and
Clark Expedition in Google Earth you would use: [lewis clark expedition filetype:kml]:

3. Once you get these results, what do you do with a KML file? Well, one thing you can do
is to download it. You can right-click on the title and select "Save link as," which will
download the file to your computer. You can then upload it into Google Earth or use it in
other ways.
Note that each of the results blocks in the image above has a link that says "View in
Google Maps." Any time you see a link that says "View on" or "View as," you have the
opportunity to download it into Google Maps and get a view of it. This won't be the same
as looking at it in Google Earth, but it's a pretty good preview.

4. Another instance in which you would use the filetype: operator would be if you wanted
to find massive data sets on tax rates, focusing on those CSV files. In that case, you
might use a query like: [filetype:csv tax rate]. You could further limit this search to CSV
files on tax rates from the New Jersey government like this: [filetype:csv tax rate
site:nj.gov].

5. Here are some tips for writing filetype: searches that work:
1. Spacing
Filetype: operators do not work if there is a space after the colon:
● Effective: [filetype:csv]
● Ineffective: [filetype: csv]
2. Query order
The filetype: portion of the query can come either before or after the other search terms:
● Effective: [muscle contraction filetype:swf]
● Effective: [filetype:swf muscle contraction]
3. Do not use a period
● Effective: [filetype:swf]
● Ineffective: [filetype:.swf]
4. Use any three or four alpha-numeric combination
● The standards filetype you know work (PDF, PPT, DOC, KML, KMZ, etc.)
● Lots of others you might not know well work, too (CVS, DAT, DMG, etc.).
● Try a filetype and see what happens.
As you can see, the filetype: operator works in a manner quite similar to the site:
operator. They both limit, filter, reduce, and focus the set of results you have.
So now, give this a try with the activity.
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