This document discusses bio-pesticides, which are pesticides derived from natural materials like microorganisms or plant extracts. It defines three main types - microbial pesticides containing bacteria, fungi or viruses; biochemical pesticides containing plant extracts; and plant-incorporated protectants where pesticidal genes are inserted into plants. The document uses the example of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to explain the mode of action of microbial bio-pesticides. It also outlines the large-scale production process and some commercially available options, advantages and potential issues with bio-pesticides.

1. Bio-pesticide
Presented By
Bijaya K. Uprety
Department of Biotechnology
Student Id: 0575751

2. Introduction
• “A form of pesticide based on micro-organisms or natural
products”.
• Includes
 microorganisms
naturally occurring substances
pesticidal substances produced by genetically
modified plants.
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3. Types of Bio-pesticides
Sl.
No
Types Active Ingredients/ Substances
it includes
Example
1. Microbial
pesticides
Bacterium, fungus, virus or
protozoan.
Strains of Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt).
2. Biochemical
pesticides/ herbal
pesticides
Naturally occurring substances Scented plant
extracts.
3. Plant-
Incorporated-
Protectants (PIPs)
Genetic material/ toxin Plant producing Bt
toxin.
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4. Dipel DF (Bacillus Thuringiensis var kurstaki)
1. Brand Name : Dipel DF
2. Active Ingredients:
Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki
3. Application: Spray as a suspension.
4. Target pests: Loopers , Leaf eating
caterpillars, Fruit borers & other
Lepidopterous pests.
5. Crops: Vegetables, Forage crops,
Aromatic crops, Ornamental.
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5. Mode of Action
Fig. Showing the mode of action of crystals produced by bacillus thuringiensis
1. http://muou.sc.mahidol.ac.th/images/mechanism_bt.jpg 4

6. Large scale production of microbial pesticides
Isolation & Screening of
Mo’s
Fermentation
Formulation as powder,
suspension
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Fig. General flow chart showing the large scale production of microbial pesticides

7. Few microbial pesticides available in market
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8. Biochemical/Herbal pesticides
• Kills pest by non toxic
mechanism.
• Includes,
 Insect attractant/ repellant
 Insect sex pheromones
 Plant extracts
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9. Mode of action of pheromones
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10. Plant Incorporated protectants (PIP)
1. http://permaculturenews.org/2012/08/14/bt-toxicity-confirmed-flawed-studies-exposed/
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Fig. Showing the mode of action of cry protein crystal produced by genetically modified plant

11. How PIP producing plants are prepared????
1. http://extension.missouri.edu/publications/DisplayPrinterFriendlyPub.aspx?P=NCR553
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12. Advantages
• No harmful residues.
• Specific to target pest and closely related organisms.
•Often effective in very small quantities and often
decompose quickly.
• High yield & reduction of use of conventional
pesticides.
• Improve food quality.
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13. Disadvantages
• Slow effect
• Often Variable efficacy
• High Selectivity
• Storage
• Difficulty for large scale productions
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14. Present & Future Market
Expected Global market value
by 2019  $4,369.88 Million
$1.6 billion in 2009,
$3.3 billion in 2014
Annual Growth Rate -15.6%
http://www.bccresearch.com/pressroom/chm/global-market-biopesticides-expected-increase-$3.3-billion-2014
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15. Conclusion
• Bacteria, Fungus and Virus  Mainly studied as
potential bio-pesticides
• Growing market
• Host specific & Biodegradable
• Solution to problem of food security
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