2. Management History
Early Management Examples
The Wealth of Nations
Industrial Revolution
Classical Approach
Scientific Management
F.W Taylor
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
General Administrative Theories
Henri Fayol
Max Weber
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3. History of Management
Quantitative Approach
Total Quality Management
Behavioral Approach
Contemporary Approach
Systems Theory
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4. Scientific Management
Frederick Winslow Taylor (Principles of Scientific Management)
Scientific method/“one best way” to perform work.
One Best Way “Place right person on the job with correct tools and
equipment, had the worker follow the instructions exactly, and motivate the
worker with appropriate economic incentive”.
Develop science of each element of an individual’s work to replace old rule-
of-thumb.
Scientifically select & train, teach and develop the worker.
Heartily cooperate with the worker so as to ensure that all work is done in
accordance with the principles of the science that has been developed.
Divide work and responsibility almost equally between management and
workers. Management does all work for which it is better suited than the
workers.
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5. The principles of scientific management are still relevant today.
In a software house…provide employees with proper hardware and
software. Work standards must be clearly defined (what is expected
from employee). Best performance comes when employee capability
matches job requirements, “One Best Way.”
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6. Frank & Lillian Gilberth
How excessive body movements can be eliminated to
increase work efficiency.
Tools and equipment for proper jobs.
Microchronometer
17 body movements (Therbligs)
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7. Generally Administrative Theory
Henri Fayol.
Overall firm management
Learning from personal experiences
Challenges of securing resources,
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8. 14 Principles of Management
Division of Labor
Authority
Discipline
Unity of Command
Unity of Direction
Subordination of individual interests
Remuneration
Scalar chain
Order
Equity
Stability of tenure of personnel
Initiative
Esprit de corps
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9. Bureaucracy
Max Weber (German Sociologist)
The management of large size organizations
Division of Labor
Clearly defined Hierarchy
Details rules and regulations
Impersonal relations
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10. Behavioral Approach
Shift of focus from machines to people
The work place behavior of people is important
The Hawthorne Studies
Experiments at Western Electric Company
Start of experiments 1924
Elton Mayo
Level of lighting on worker productivity
Control group vs Experiment group
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11. Quantitative Approach
Use of quantitative methods in management practices
The origins is at world war II (military to corporate)
Use of statistics, optimization model, computer
simulation, linear programing etc.
The purpose is to increase efficiency.
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