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4. Descriptive Research
Used to obtain information concerning
the current status of a phenomena.
Purpose of these methods is to describe
“what exists” with respect to situational
variables.
6. Descriptive Research Steps
Statement of the problem.
Identification of information.
Selection or development of data gathering
instruments.
Identification of target population and sample.
Design of information collection procedure.
Collection of information.
Analysis of information.
Generalization and/or predictions.
8. Analytical Research
Analytical research means carrying out
analysis on a phenomenon – Mostly
involves secondary data – ex-ante research-
before contemplated change
9. Analytical Research
Reviews
A critical account of present understanding
A meta-analysis is a quantitative method of review
Historical Research
Accessing both primary (e.g. witnesses) or secondary
(e.g. literature) sources to document past events
Philosophical Research
Organising existing evidence into a comprehensive
theoretical model
10. Theory Of ResearchTheory Of Research
Research methodology is a way to find out
solution on any problem on a scientific basis.
Research has its special significance in solving
various operational and planning problems in
business and industry
11. Types of Research
Purpose Process Outcome
Exploratory Predictive
Descriptive Analytical
QualitativeQuantitative Basic or pure
Applied Action
12. DefinitionDefinition
Descriptive Research
This describes phenomena as they exist. It is used to
identify and obtain information on the characteristics
of a particular issue
Analytical Research
Analytical research aims to understand phenomena
by discovering and measuring causal relations
among them
13. DifferencesDifferences
Descriptive Research Analytical Research
Fact-finding enquires and survey
methods
Ascertains and describes the
characteristics of the issue
Describes of the state of affairs as
it exists at present
No control over the
variables
Collected data is analyzed and
explained
Beyond merely describing the
characteristics
Explains existing state of affairs
from available data
Works within the constraints
variables
14. ExamplesExamples
Descriptive Research Analytical Research
What is the absentee rate
amongst a particular group of
workers?
What are the feelings of workers
faced with redundancy?
How can the number of
complaints made by customers be
reduced?
How can the absentee rate
among employees be reduced?
Why is the introduction of
empowerment seen as a threat by
departmental managers?