1. HSA Review: Unit Six

5. Federal Court Layout US Supreme Court (1) [Original & Appellate Jurisdiction] US District Courts (94) [Original Jurisdiction] US Court of Appeals (12) [Appellate Jurisdiction]

7. (1) Investigation & Arrest (2) Grand Jury —formally accuse person of crime ( indict) * (3) Plea Bargain : Defendant pleads guilty to a lesser crime, but gets lighter punishment (4) Criminal Trial (5) a. Petit Jury’s Decision b. Judge’s sentence (punishment) * List and briefly explain the Steps of Each law type Prosecution: always the government Defendant: person accused of crime Petit Jury: 12 citizens who decide case List & Describe the Actors Involved Govt. charges someone with committing crime Definition Criminal Law

8. (1) Hire a Lawyer (2) File Complaint (legal document with charges) (3) Pretrial Discovery (4) Resolution without a trial —settlement or mediation/arbitration (5) a. The Trial b. Award—If plaintiff wins, plaintiff gets money! * List and briefly explain the Steps of Each law type Plaintiff —Person who seeks damages, the victim Defendant – Person accused of causing damages Sometimes a jury List & Describe the Actors Involved Deals with disputes Definition Civil Law

10. - School officials can search students if they have “reasonable suspicion” New Jersey v. T.L.O. - Students do have limited free-speech rights Tinker v. Des Moines Before police questioning, the accused must know their due process rights Miranda v. Arizona the govt. must provide lawyer for person accused of crime Gideon v. Wainwright Overturned Plessy; segregation finally made illegal Brown v. Board of Education Legalized racial segregation  “separate but equal” doctrine Plessy v. Ferguson (1) Explained “Elastic Clause” (2) National govt. supreme over states McCullough v. Maryland Established Judicial Review Marbury v. Madison