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DNA Structure
- 1. 1
- 2. 2 DNA by the NumbersDNA by the Numbers
- 3. 3 DNADNA • The blueprint for an organism’s structure and function • Contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell.
- 4. 4 James Watson & Francis Crick’s Model
- 6. 6 Why is DNADNA so important? • Found in all organisms (connects all living things to one another) • Medical research – treatments and cures • Agriculture, GMO
- 7. 7 Chromosomes, Genes, and DNAChromosomes, Genes, and DNA
- 8. 8 The Shape of DNAThe Shape of DNA A “twisted ladder” •Called the double helix.
- 9. Subunits: Nucleotides (made of 3 components) 9 nucleotideDeoxyribose sugar 1. base3. phosphate2.
- 10. 10 One Strand (side) of DNAOne Strand (side) of DNA • The backbone of the molecule is alternating – deoxyribose sugar – Phosphates • Bases attached to sugars phosphate Deoxyribose sugar bases
- 11. 11 Four BasesFour Bases • Adenine A • Thymine T •Cytosine C • Guanine G DNA has four different bases:
- 12. 12 Base Pairing:Base Pairing: Complimentary StrandsComplimentary Strands • Adenine (A) with Thymine (T) A T • Cytosine (C) with Guanine (G) C G
- 13. 13 Two Stranded DNATwo Stranded DNA
- 14. 14
- 15. Knowledge CheckKnowledge Check 1. What are the 3 components that make up DNA? (6 points) 2. Make a simple sketch of a DNA molecule. Use different shapes to represent the 3 different components and label one of each on your sketch. (4 points) 15
- 16. 16
- 17. How do you think DNA is replicated?How do you think DNA is replicated? 17 Considerations: • Two identical copies of the DNA molecules come from one original DNA molecule. • Special enzymes are involved in DNA replication. (An enzyme is a type of protein that can move, break apart, or attach different molecules to one other.) • The DNA molecule can be broken, torn, or split apart.
- 18. 18 •The DNA molecule unravels from the histone proteins around which it is spooled. Step 1Step 1
- 19. 19 •A special enzyme called Helicase “unzips” the DNA molecule, breaking it down the middle. Step 2Step 2
- 20. 20 •Another enzyme called DNA Polymerase attaches new complimentary nucleotides to each strand, completing two new DNA strands. Step 3Step 3
- 21. 21
Notes de l'éditeur
- All life on earth uses a chemical called DNA to carry its genetic code or blueprint.
- If you unravel all the DNA in the chromosomes of one of your cells, it would stretch out 2 meters. If you did this to the DNA in all your cells, it would stretch from here to sun and back more than 200 hundred times!
- Why is DNA called the blueprint of life?
- About better food crops, this area is controversial. There is a Dr. Charles Arntzen who is working on bioengineering foods with vaccines in them. People in poor countries could be immunized against diseases just by eating a banana, for instance.
- {Show students a model of the double helix. Explain what a spiral is and a helix is.}
- {Point to the 3-D mode, if you have one, to show the parts as you discuss them.}
- These four bases are abbreviated by using their respective first letters.
- {Point to the 3-D model to show the parts as you discuss them.}