The document discusses the impacts of climate change on biodiversity and Sydney, Australia by 2030. Species extinction rates are increasing due to human activities and a warming climate. By 2030, Sydney could experience a 2 degree rise in temperature, increased droughts and flooding, sea level rise submerging coastal areas, and declines in native plants and animals as invasive species spread. The document proposes strategies to establish green belts along Sydney Harbour to create habitat, absorb flood waters, and naturally filter pollution to mitigate these impacts.

1. bio (diverse) city crisis scenario: climate change matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson

2. global issue matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson species loss rates are possibly 50 – 100 times greater than ever experienced in recorded history ( O’Riordan and Kleeman, p.9) 10 % of known bird species, 5% of known fish species , 8% of all recorded plant species and 20% of known mammal species are threatened with extinction ( O’Riordan and Kleeman) we are in the midst of the biosphere’s 6 th major extinction episode one driven by human activities 0.6 o C increase in global temperature since 1900 increased concentration of greenhouse gases substantially responsible for climate change 1998 was the warmest year since temperature recording began in 1861

3. how old will you be? Native australian extinct species Diels' Wattle Tasman Starling Eastern Bettong (mainland) Boodie, Burrowing Bettong (inland) Brush-tailed Bettong (south-east mainland) Short Spider-orchid Dwarf Spider-orchid Desert Rat-kangaroo Pig-footed Bandicoot Hidden Coleanthera White-throated Pigeon (Lord Howe Island), Lord Howe Pigeon White-footed Rabbit-rat Red-crowned Parakeet (Macquarie Island), Macquarie Island Parakeet Red-crowned Parakeet (Lord Howe Island), Lord Howe Parakeet Rufous Bristlebird (western), South-western Rufous Bristlebird Kangaroo Island Emu Emu (Tasmanian) Roper River Scrub-robin Subshrub Decurrent-leaved Frankenia Lord Howe Gerygone, Lord Howe Warbler New Zealand Pigeon (Norfolk Island race) Water Tassel-fern Central Hare-wallaby Rufous Hare-wallaby (south-west mainland) Eastern Hare-wallaby Banded Hare-wallaby (mainland) Norfolk Island Long-tailed Triller Drummond's Lepidium Lesser Stick-nest Rat Small-flowered Leucopogon Tammar Wallaby (South Australia) Toolache Wallaby Lesser Bilby Grass Fern Norfolk Island Kaka Southern Boobook (Lord Howe Island), Lord Howe Boobook Owl Short-tailed Hopping-mouse Long-tailed Hopping-mouse Big-eared Hopping-mouse Darling Downs Hopping-mouse Lord Howe Long-eared Bat Crescent Nail-tail Wallaby Clubmoss Everlasting, Table Mountain Daisy Bush Western Barred Bandicoot (mainland) Desert Bandicoot Sickle-leaved Waxflower Spiny Rice-flower Broad-faced Potoroo Paradise Parrot Gould's Mouse Robust Greenhood Pyramid Mulla-mulla Maiden's Bush-pea Lewin's Water Rail (western) Christmas Island Rat, Maclear's Rat Christmas Island Rat, Bulldog Rat Southern Gastric-brooding Frog Northern Gastric-brooding Frog, Eungella Gastric-brooding Frog Grey Groundsel Sharp-snouted Day Frog, Sharp-snouted Torrent Frog Southern Day Frog, Mt Glorious Torrent Frog Cronin's Tetratheca Mt Holland Thomasia Thylacine Grey-headed Blackbird, Norfolk Island Thrush Bennett's Seaweed White-chested White-eye, Norfolk Island Silvereye Robust White-eye Native australian extinct species Diels' Wattle Tasman Starling Eastern Bettong (mainland) Boodie, Burrowing Bettong (inland) Brush-tailed Bettong (south-east mainland) Short Spider-orchid Dwarf Spider-orchid Desert Rat-kangaroo Pig-footed Bandicoot Hidden Coleanthera White-throated Pigeon (Lord Howe Island), Lord Howe Pigeon White-footed Rabbit-rat Red-crowned Parakeet (Macquarie Island), Macquarie Island Parakeet Red-crowned Parakeet (Lord Howe Island), Lord Howe Parakeet Rufous Bristlebird (western), South-western Rufous Bristlebird Kangaroo Island Emu Emu (Tasmanian) Roper River Scrub-robin Subshrub Decurrent-leaved Frankenia Lord Howe Gerygone, Lord Howe Warbler New Zealand Pigeon (Norfolk Island race) Water Tassel-fern Central Hare-wallaby Rufous Hare-wallaby (south-west mainland) Eastern Hare-wallaby Banded Hare-wallaby (mainland) Norfolk Island Long-tailed Triller Drummond's Lepidium Lesser Stick-nest Rat Small-flowered Leucopogon Tammar Wallaby (South Australia) Toolache Wallaby Lesser Bilby Grass Fern Norfolk Island Kaka Southern Boobook (Lord Howe Island), Lord Howe Boobook Owl Short-tailed Hopping-mouse Long-tailed Hopping-mouse Big-eared Hopping-mouse Darling Downs Hopping-mouse Lord Howe Long-eared Bat Crescent Nail-tail Wallaby Clubmoss Everlasting, Table Mountain Daisy Bush Western Barred Bandicoot (mainland) Desert Bandicoot Sickle-leaved Waxflower Spiny Rice-flower Broad-faced Potoroo Paradise Parrot Gould's Mouse Robust Greenhood Pyramid Mulla-mulla Maiden's Bush-pea Lewin's Water Rail (western) Christmas Island Rat, Maclear's Rat Christmas Island Rat, Bulldog Rat Southern Gastric-brooding Frog Northern Gastric-brooding Frog, Eungella Gastric-brooding Frog Grey Groundsel Sharp-snouted Day Frog, Sharp-snouted Torrent Frog Southern Day Frog, Mt Glorious Torrent Frog Cronin's Tetratheca Mt Holland Thomasia Thylacine Grey-headed Blackbird, Norfolk Island Thrush Bennett's Seaweed White-chested White-eye, Norfolk Island Silvereye Robust White-eyeNative australian extinct species Diels' Wattle Tasman Starling Eastern Bettong (mainland) Boodie, Burrowing Bettong (inland) Brush-tailed Bettong (south-east mainland) Short Spider-orchid Dwarf Spider-orchid Desert Rat-kangaroo Pig-footed Bandicoot Hidden Coleanthera White-throated Pigeon (Lord Howe Island), Lord Howe Pigeon White-footed Rabbit-rat Red-crowned Parakeet (Macquarie Island), Macquarie Island Parakeet Red-crowned Parakeet (Lord Howe Island), Lord Howe Parakeet Rufous Bristlebird (western), South-western Rufous Bristlebird Kangaroo Island Emu Emu (Tasmanian) Roper River Scrub-robin Subshrub Decurrent-leaved Frankenia Lord Howe Gerygone, Lord Howe Warbler New Zealand Pigeon (Norfolk Island race) Water Tassel-fern Central Hare-wallaby Rufous Hare-wallaby (south-west mainland) Eastern Hare-wallaby Banded Hare-wallaby (mainland) Norfolk Island Long-tailed Triller Drummond's Lepidium Lesser Stick-nest Rat Small-flowered Leucopogon Tammar Wallaby (South Australia) Toolache Wallaby Lesser Bilby Grass Fern Norfolk Island Kaka Southern Boobook (Lord Howe Island), Lord Howe Boobook Owl Short-tailed Hopping-mouse Long-tailed Hopping-mouse Big-eared Hopping-mouse Darling Downs Hopping-mouse Lord Howe Long-eared Bat Crescent Nail-tail Wallaby Clubmoss Everlasting, Table Mountain Daisy Bush Western Barred Bandicoot (mainland) Desert Bandicoot Sickle-leaved Waxflower Spiny Rice-flower Broad-faced Potoroo Paradise Parrot Gould's Mouse Robust Greenhood Pyramid Mulla-mulla Maiden's Bush-pea Lewin's Water Rail (western) Christmas Island Rat, Maclear's Rat Christmas Island Rat, Bulldog Rat Southern Gastric-brooding Frog Northern Gastric-brooding Frog, Eungella Gastric-brooding Frog Grey Groundsel Sharp-snouted Day Frog, Sharp-snouted Torrent Frog Southern Day Frog, Mt Glorious Torrent Frog Cronin's Tetratheca Mt Holland Thomasia Thylacine Grey-headed Blackbird, Norfolk Island Thrush Bennett's Seaweed White-chested White-eye, Norfolk Island Silvereye Robust White-eye matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson by 2030 + 2 degrees 70% increase in droughts in NSW 40% loss of core habitat for eucalyptus cane toads and red ants have invaded sydney threatening agriculture and native ecosystems rapid extinction of birds 16% increase in evaporation decreased rainfall by 10% annually sea level rise of 2m serious decline of wetland ecosystems invasion of exotic plant species extreme disturbance to breeding patterns as sea temperature rises, we will experience more severe storms I WILL BE 44 YEARS OLD how old will your children be?

4. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson sea level rise sydney 85% of the glaciers appear to be accelerating their flow towards the sea. Gore, A

5. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson sea level rise sydney Flannery, T

6. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson sea level rise sydney locations of water pooling since 1992 to 2005 melting ice in greenland has increased by 600% if either west antarctica ice shelf or greenland melted or broke up into the sea levels would rise by 5.5 m Gore, A

7. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson increased climate change refugees sydney to accommodate this a refugee would have to join every sixth household sydney will need to accommodate for 279 000 immigrates from Calcutta and Bangladesh alone

8. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson increases to urban growth sydney

9. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson image based on 40% reduction in eucalypt species, sydney’s main vegetation type and increase in suburban sprawl due to immigration increases to urban growth sydney

10. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson sydney harbour 2007

11. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson sydney harbour 2030 2m sea level rise results in tidal zone engulfing majority of harbour side public space

12. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson climate change + biodiversity sydney harbour

13. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson climate change + biodiversity sydney harbour 2m sea level rise results in tidal zone engulfing majority of harbour side public space

14. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson 2007 2030 climate change + biodiversity sydney harbour “ rising sea levels on extant mangroves have been predicted to result in complete ecosystem collapse…” ( Professor Peter Saenger) 2m sea level rise results in tidal zone engulfing majority of harbour side public space

16. benefits of biodiversity matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson sydney harbour green belt 2030 establish a planting buffer along predicted tidal zones providing a habitat for both aquatic and terrestrial species as well as naturally filtering urban run off

17. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson strategy 1: establishing plant communities the cost of acting later rather than now will be 5-20 times greater by 2015 all proposed and existing foreshore development, excluding existing industry, must include but not be limited to green belt planting properties refusing to adhere to policy implementation strategy 1 by 2015 will be sold to government at rate specified by local government area, allowing the government to establish plant communities on these sites by 2025

18. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson “ because of the geographical significance of mangroves and related communities, these vegetation types need to be our primary focus” ( Professor Peter Saenger) benefits important habitat and food source for terrestrial and marine organisms shoreline protection reduce coastal turbidity highly efficient carbon sinks source of timber and wood products important buffer for nutrients, metals and other and other toxins received by terrestrial runoff mangrove species may be capable of adapting to sea-level rise by migrating upslope mangrove systems “ rising sea levels on extant mangroves have been predicted to result in complete ecosystem collapse…” ( Professor Peter Saenger)

19. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson strategy 2: reclamation the cost of acting later rather than now will be 5-20 times greater by 2020 government purchase of all necessary foreshore land allowing for increased tidal zones to help mitigate sea level change

20. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson strategy 3: greening industry the cost of acting later rather than now will be 5-20 times greater by 2020 existing foreshore industry must implement green belt planting connecting surrounding green belt property, allowing business and biodiversity to coexist the established green belt will naturally treat industry wastewater to a specified standard before it is allowed to reenter the harbour waterways

21. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson using biodiversity within industrial areas to regenerate air, water, soil and habitat through natural processes mcdonough+partners maintaining industrial runoff a green roof can soak up 75% of rainfall lester graham reduces the heat island effect lester graham low maintenance with high returns of bird and insect life to survive, biodiversity heavily relies on the human population to make sensitive design decisions when planning cities and other development mcdonough+partners ford factory rouge center and chicage townhall greenroof

22. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson strategy 4: decontamination the cost of acting later rather than now will be 5-20 times greater by 2020 sites previously industrial or used for landfill must be treated, removing waste and chemical to ensure no contamination of the harbour’s waterways

23. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson schools industry public green space strategy 4: decontamination the cost of acting later rather than now will be 5-20 times greater

24. benefits of biodiversity matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson sydney harbour green belt 2030 by 2030 plant communities will be established along the green belt. planting must include a variety of indigenous plants including mangroves and wetland species thus providing habitat for aquatic and terrestrial organisms, as well as natural water filtration

25. matthew coggan , rosanna krauss , catherine wilson “ Make the wrong choices now and future generations will live with a changed climate, depleted resources and without green space and biodiversity that contribute to our standard of living and our quality of life.” Tony Blair, March 2005