This document discusses using biorobotics to detect diseases like Motor Neuron Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Alzheimer's Disease. It describes the DDX system, a portable device that measures response time, speed, and force using a joystick, buttons, and sensors. The DDX analyzes parameters like reaction time, tremor, and pressure using fuzzy logic to provide intelligent disease detection. It has advantages like portability and remote monitoring capabilities. Future work may include improved hardware, additional diagnostic parameters, and self-learning techniques to enhance the system's performance.

1. Disease Detection Using
BioRobotics
Presented By : Nisha Banerjee
Biomedical Engineering
Netaji Subhash Engineering College

2. CONTENTS
1)Introduction
2)Biorobotics & research
3)Motor Neuron Disease (MND)
4)Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Disease
5)DDX system
6)Software diagram
7)Technical Architecture
8)Biorobotic electronic circuit
9)Diagram of the biorobotic system
10)Applications, Advantages and
Disadvantages
11)Future Aspects
12)Conclusion

3. Introduction
 Disease Detector (DDX), portable equipment with
detection of response time and psychophysical
conditions in normal and exceptional environments.
 A simple joystick with a few buttons, an LCD display
and a simple interface for remote communication of
diagnosis.

4. The external effects require
1) the response to sounds,
2) a soft touch of a button,
3) by pronouncing a word,
4) the touch of the finger in front of a virtual reality
drawing of the finger itself.
Fuzzy Logic is exploited in order to obtain an
intelligent and reliable detector.
Three basic parameters (reaction, speed and force)
are acquired.

5. Biorobotics
BRINGING BIOLOGY AND ROBOTICS TOGETHER…
Making robots that emulate and stimulate
living biological organisms mechanically or
even chemically.
Application of biological ideas to address
technological problems.
Application of robotics to solve problems
regarding biology and medicine.

6. Biorobotics & Research
Eccles - recognition of the behavior of
the brain control circuits.
Analogue concepts developed by Searle
and Richards represent fundamental
steps to recognize how much the
robotic systems are helping in the
simulation of brain activity.
some of the scientific developments
linked to biology and Biorobotics:
activation of neuron circuits, recovery
of damaged neuromotor functions, etc.

7. Motor Neuron diseases
 MNDs are a group of progressive
neurological disorders that destroy motor
neurons, the cells that control essential
voluntary muscle activity such as
speaking, walking, breathing, and
swallowing.
 Some MNDs are inherited, but the causes
of most MNDs are not known.
 There is no cure or standard treatment for
the MNDs.
 EX : Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA),
Progressive muscular atrophy (PMA)

8. Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson's disease is a progressive, degenerative
neurological movement disorder that affects
approximately 10 million people world wide.
Parkinson's disease occurs when the nerve cells in
the brain that make dopamine are slowly destroyed.
Primary symptoms : Tremor, Rigidity, Postural
Instability, Bradykinesia.
An estimated 7-10 million people worldwide are
living with Parkinson's disease.

9. Alzheimer's Disease
Causes problems with memory,
thinking and behavior.
Symptom : difficulty in
remembering newly learned
information.
Alzheimer’s disease is the 6th
leading cause of death in the
United States and the 5th leading
cause of death for those aged 65
and older.

10. DDX system
 It is used for a soft touch. The
person looks at the screen and reads
words of warning and of start. In
the same time, a sound, like a beep,
gives the start signal.
 The person must press softly the
button with index finger, with right
or left hand.
 The tremor before and during the
pressure on the button is measured
by a switch which detects
oscillations of the hand.

11. Software Diagram

12. Button push
 performed by placing forefinger on button and
pushing it down slowly.
 Followed by visual-sound signal.
1) Fast protocol
2) Virtual protocol
Vocal Articulation
1) Fast reading: foreperiod and duration to articulate
word are measured.
2) Delayed reading
Result analysis and presentation with fuzzy logic

13. TECHNICAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE WORKING
SYSTEM DDX
Parameters are acquired from the button.
tremor sensor - measures vibrations of the wrist of
the hand.
Processor -> Buzzer -> timer starts->sampling ->
sends another impulse to the buzzer -> variable
tj(value of the timer) -> patient will press the push
button -> variable ti(reaction time), variable tf (end
of the movement stroke)-> The speed of patient
motion can be calculated from these times.
Pressure is calculated using a simple circuit .

14. Biorobotic Electronic Circuit
A digital display LCD (twelve characters in
two columns),
4 keys for managing a menu navigator similar
to that of a mobile phone menu,
An OK key to confirm,
A Menu key in order to return to the main
menu,
A Buzzer for the acoustic beep,
A Load cell by strain gauges with its amplifier.
By pressing the button 3 beacons are sent:
Start pressure beacon
Race-end beacon
Force beacon

15. Diagram of the biorobotic system

16. Application
Experimental tests done on subject affected
from Parkinson’s.
Experimental tests done on subjects
belonging to the sport field.
Tests in the professional field:
Ferrari Race.

17. ADVANTAGES
 This device is very small and portable device.
 User-friendly machine.
 It is like a mobile phone, with more efficient diagnostic
results.
 The ability to hold the joystick with a single hand is
the fundamental aspect of this system.
 A person’s state of health may be tested daily.

18. It also provides the ability of transferring diagnosis
through a remote communication interface in order
to monitor daily the state of health of a patient.
The system is an intelligent-machine based on soft
computing techniques.
Its efficiency can be improved considering more
example for membership function calibration or,
moreover, improving the response correctness by
using a self learning technique.

19. DISADVANTAGE
The DDX control system consists of a
small board with an internal fuzzy
logic. It is clear that the main
disadvantage of such circuit switched
networks is that they are not able to
adequately cope with highly variable
traffic.

20. Future Aspects
 Improvement : A new model
with CAD design & rapid
prototyping
 Reduced dimension and an
hardware & user-friendly
software.
 The system can be used not
only in medical field, but also in
the daily health and sport field.
 Parameters considered :
reaction time, speed, tremor,
force and ability of coordination
and synchronization.
 Test protocol
 Results analysis : IPF

21. Conclusion
The system is an intelligent biorobotic system based
on soft computing techniques and, as such, its
efficiency maybe improved via extended function
calibration or by improving response correctness
with self-learning techniques.
Daphne device allows to obtain a quantitative and
exact measure of the neuromotor health condition of
a person and of it reflects very well the psychological
condition.
The application to the diagnosis of the Parkinson’s
disease was the first result of this system.

22. References
 Rovetta , A. Cucè , D. Platania ,C. Solenghi,” New
equipment for the detection of the neuromotor diseases
and efficiencies in the motion control”.
 Eduardo Tolosa, Gregor Wenning, Werner Poewe, “The
diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease”,2006.
 W. Richards, “Natural Computation”, Mit Press,1998
 http://sitesearch.alz.org
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0049051/
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/motor_neuron_diseases/
 http://www.emedicinehealth.com/
 www.alz.org/gmc

23. Thank
you :)