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My well my water: Can Citizens become stewards of groundwater?
- 1. My well, My water Can citizens become stewards of groundwater?
- 3. Context Urban groundwater 1. Averaged for 71 cities and towns, groundwater constitutes 48% of the share in urban water supply (Narain, 2012). 2. Unaccounted water in urban areas exceeds 50% according to the CGWB’s report on the groundwater scenario in 28 Indian cities (CGWB, 2011). 56 %
- 4. Here in Bengaluru! Population as per 2011 Census 8.4 million Population in 2015 11 million Demand @ 135 LPCD (Liters per capita per day) 1485 MLD (Million Litres a day) Quantity of water sourced from Cauvery by BWSSB 1410 MLD Leakages – 40% ~500 MLD Groundwater to the rescue! ~575 MLD
- 5. New borewells added each month- from 2009-2010 Source: Groundwater hydrology and groundwater quality in and around Bangalore city. A book by Department of Mines and Geology, March 2011 Total 14.88% increase in borewells from Jan 2009-January 2010
- 7. TDS: values of >1000 mg/L:- SE zone accounts for 33% followed by NE zone and NW zone with 27.5% and 25.54% respectively Groundwater quality in Bangalore Source: Groundwater hydrology and groundwater quality in and around Bangalore city. A book by Department of Mines and Geology, March 2011
- 9. Citizen response A private layout completely dependent on groundwater demonstrates exemplary self- regulation solutions from source to sink Rainbow Drive Layout A heartening story of citizen driven revival and stewardship of the Kaikondrahalli Lake Kaikondrahalli Lake
- 10. What we learn from these practices, can we apply these at the aquifer level?
- 11. PARTICIPATORY AQUIFER MAPPING Collaborators: BIOME Environmental Trust, ACWADAM (Pune), MAPUNITY (Bengaluru) and WIPRO This is work in progress… Lots of open questions.
- 12. Hypothesis Water literate citizenry Push them towards self-regulation Learnings for governance Citizens : share the story of their wells and their water with the city Knowledge partners: Collation, interpretation, scenario building and management responses Virtual platform: Visualisation & communication platform Conversation & dialogue space Citizens : Conversations Communication Engagement with Governance & Advocacy Implement responses
- 13. Project area Name of the watershed Yamalur sub- watershed Number of microwatersheds 8 Total Area (sq. km) 33.81 Area under BBMP (sq.km) 23.55 Non BBMP area (sq.km) 10.26 Number of Lakes (known) 15 Number of open wells (identified) 22 Total Residential Population 123780
- 14. Data collection • Well and borewell data – static water levels, pumping and water quality • Water demand/consumption data • Waste water generation data • Data on Waste water management • Stories about water and wastewater narratives from citizens
- 15. Types of Stakeholders Processes of engagement & nature of participation Contribution RWAs, POAs individual households and individual citizens Contribution of data from their own records, permission to install regular monitoring devices, one time measurements onsite. Engagement through events / workshops. Creation of “Citizen data Volunteers” Data & stories about demand, supply, wells/borewells & waste water management Skills such as documentation, video/photo & communication design Open source tools such as for data collection & mobile apps Schools & Educational institutions For creating awareness about sustainable water management- through rainwater harvesting, recharge well construction, water quality awareness Business campuses and their employees Sharing of the questionnaire for data collection through emails and telephonic discussion Service providers (Borewell diggers, camera inspection, tanker operators, etc) One-on-one conversations, Events & workshops Data from their service records, knowledge of what’s happening in the region Other researchers Knowledge partnering Research skills, other data and knowledge Formal institutions (CGWB, BBMP, KSPCB, etc.) Creating a space for dialogue between citizens and the institutions, direct engagement for knowledge exchange Secondary data, lake DPRs, knowledge sharing
- 16. Software platform-www.groundwaters.in • Close the feedback loop • Communicate to citizens-good practices, implementation of them, governing regulations and laws, contacts of various service providers to enable implementation, etc. • Provide a space for continued conversations for peer learning
- 17. Learnings and looking ahead Hydrogeology and interpretation of data- demystifying the science of groundwater in ways which citizenry finds useful is a challenge in itself
- 18. Importance of peer to peer learning Not all ‘governance institutions’ are unwilling to listen- Citizen dialogue with KSPCB
- 19. Challenges • What happens if this region gets access to BWSSB supply? • How do we engage with the disadvantaged groups within this watershed? • Change in leadership
Notes de l'éditeur
- Questions!
- Groundwater surface water nexus
- These practices are limited to their fence, their campus. However, does groundwater follow such boundaries? The answer is no! Groundwater which resides in the aquifers does not follow the boundaries in terms of the way we think. Therefore, the response for groundwater management has to be at the aquifer level. Previous studies have also shown that aquifer characteristics are very localized and change from region to region. So the best possible groundwater management response has to be at the aquifer scale. However, the point to note here is that, while developing the aquifer level response, we should not forget the micro scale responses and the citizen movements. We should integrate and learn from these responses and develop our understanding for applying at the larger scale.
- And that is what the PAQM project is attempting to do.
- Citizens are an integral part of the project not only as data points but also as important stakeholders and real drivers of the implementation of groundwater practices. The project thus hypothesizes that using the stories and data from the citizens and interpreting it through hydrogeology and communicating the results with the citizenry would help in equipping the community with groundwater knowledge. And citizens when aware of this information would lead towards self regulation. And just to clarify, by citizens I don’t only limit myself to residents of the apartments, layouts, etc. but also involve informal sectors, service providers, educational institutions, etc. This attempt of informing the citizenry would also have learnings for governance which can then be used for formulating a better/effective policy for state’s groundater response.
- If any project has to sustain and to have a larger macro scale impact, the project has to work within the existing governance framework. Therefore, informing the governance institutions and sharing of the generated knowledge with them is again an integral part of the process. One such outcome so far has been a dialogue with KSPCB. And lastly, if the conversations are started amongst the peers which on one hand increases competition and on the other hand encourages the adoption of existing practices, can lead to better learning outcomes.
- And finally I would like to end by saying that’ if citizen response or the citizen science and the hydrogeology and can co-create ‘actionable knowledge’ then that may lead to better outcome for managing the groundwater.