6. DISADVANTAGES OF INDUTION TYPE ENERGY
METER
Induce human error while noting down the
reading
Amount of electricity consume in rupees is not
displayed
Creeping can cause significant error
8. Overall charcteristics of prepaid energy meter
Methodology.
Collection of revenues.
Loading the credit revenue into the meter.
Decrementing the revenue.
Providing the alarm.
Disconnection.
Security of transactions.
Unloading the revenue.
9. Components of prepaid energy meter
EEPROM IC (Smart card)
AT89S52
16*2 LCD
ULN2003
AT2402
Digital energy meter
10. EEPROM IC
It is called as smart card.
It is a electrical erasable read only memory.
It is to upload the amount recharge in form of
electrical energy.
The contents are automatically deleted once it is
inserted inside the card reader.
11. AT89S52
It belongs to family of microcontrollers.
It has total 40 pins.
32 I/O lines.
8K flash memory ROM and 256K RAM.
It operates at 33KHz frequency.
Addressing similar to 8051 microcontroller.
Only pin nos 12,31,40,34-39,22,21,25,28 are used for
our purpose.
13. ULN2003
It consists of seven independent darlington
connection.
It acts as a current amplifier circuit.
It is used to run a high voltage/current peripheral
circuits.
When input terminal is high it offers low
impedance path other wise it offers a high
impedance.
Any two input and output are used for our
purpose.
16. AT2402 and 16*2 LCD display
Chip is used to read data from eeprom through
card reader.
All the data are transmitted serially in 8 bit words.
It also verifies the code prior to read
operation(PSC).
16*2 LCD display has two row screen and each
row displays 16 digit at a time.
It also acts as a tariff indicator, indicates amount
of electricity consume and remaining.
20. Working principle of digital energy meter
Output in form of frequency.
Energy consume proportional to output
frequency.
Relatively cheaper meter.
Human error are reduced while calculating.
Opto coupler is used for calculation of pulses.
Output frequency can be selected for other
purpose also , such as running a stepper motor an
electromagnetic register.
26. Benefits to consumers
Pay as you go.
No need to stand in queue.
No surprising bills.
No bill disputes.
Allow customer to budget expenses.
Help customer contribute towards energy
conservation.
27. Benefits to utilities
Up front payment for electricity.
Lower overheads.
No billing hassles.
No disconnection/reconnection.
Tamper and fraud detection.
Money and time based load connection and
disconnection.
Load/demand control.