Post Graduate Student, Community Medicine Department

1. Social Security & Juvenile
Deliquency
Dr. Praseeda.B.K

2. Social security

3. • Definition
• Purpose
• Difference between social Assistance & Social
Insurance

4. Definition:
“Social security is the protection which society provides for
its members through a series of public measure, against the
economic and social distress that otherwise would be
caused by the substantial stoppage of earning resulting from :-
sickness
 maternity
injury
unemployment
old age and
death.

5. Purpose of social security
 To give individuals and families the confidence that their level of living
and quality of life will not erode by social or economic eventuality.
 To provide medical care and income security against the consequences
of defined contingencies
 To facilitate the victims physical and vocational rehabilitation
 To prevent or reduce ill health and accidents in the occupations
 To protect against unemployment by maintenance and promotion of job
creation
 To provide benefit for the maintenance of any children.

6. Objectives:
COMPENSATION
RESTORATION
PREVENTION

7. Approaches:
Social assistance:
• A method to provide benefits as of right to
persons, usually of small means in amounts
sufficient to meet a minimum standards of
living from general revenues of the state.

8. • Characteristics feature - the beneficiaries do
not make any contribution towards various
benefits which are made available to them.
• It is a “Non-contributory benefits” towards
the maintenance of vulnerable groups such as
• Children, mothers, aged peoples, disabled
etc.

9. Social Insurance
•A method to provide benefits as a matter of right for
persons of small earnings, in amounts which combine the
contributions of the beneficiaries with subsidies from the
employer and the state

10. • Characteristics feature - the beneficiaries,
employers and the Government make
contributions to-wards the creation of common
pool, out of which benefits are paid to the
members in the event of any contingencies.
• Suitable where the class of workers to be covered
is sufficiently well organized, legally regulated and
financially stable.

11. Social Assistance :
A method to provide benefits
as of right to persons usually of
small means in amounts
sufficient to meet a minimum
standards of living from general
revenues of the state.
Non contributory
A method to provide benefits as a
matter of right for persons of small
earnings, in amounts which combine
the contributions of the beneficiaries
with subsidies from the employer
and the state.
Contributory
Social insurance :

12. Cannot be claimed as a
matter of right (Provided)
Can be claimed as a matter
of right
For the vulnerable groups
of the community (children,
mothers, invalids, aged
people, disabled)
For the well-organized,
legally regulated, financially
stable community.

13. Contingencies of Social Security:
Medical Care
Sickness Benefit
Unemployment Benefit
Old Age Benefit
Employment Injury
Benefit
Family Benefit
Maternity Benefit

14. Social Security Schemes in
India:
Preventive Schemes
Promotional Schemes
Protective Schemes

15. PREVENTIVE SCHEMES
-Schemes aimed at risk prevention.
-Tries to prevent poverty
-Preventive health care, vaccinations against
diseases.
-Majority of the schemes are of social
assistance in nature.

16. PromotionalSchemes
Food and Nutritional Security
Employment security
Health Security
Education Security
Women Security

17. Examples of schemes in the Promotional Social
SecurityFood for work
Jawahar Rojgar Yojana
Rural Landless Labourers Employment Guarantee
Schemes
Programmes of Integrated Rural Development Project
Sakshara Bharath
Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS)
Reservations for the disabled in services

19. • Launched in 2nd Feb 2006
• Covered all the districts of India from 1 April 2008.
• "enhancing livelihood security in rural areas by
providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage
employment in a financial year, to every
household whose adult members volunteer to do
unskilled manual work".

20. • If work is not provided within 15 days of
applying, applicants are entitled to an
unemployment allowance.

21. Protective Social Security Programmes
Old-age income needs
Survival benefits
Medical need of insured families
Widow and children/dependant economic needs
Maternity benefits
Compensation for loss of employment and
Work injury benefits

22. Social security
schemes for
working class in
the
“organized
sector “

23. • Employee’s State Insurance (ESI) Act
1948
• Employee’s Provident Fund (EPF) Act
1952
• Workmen’s Compensation Act 1923
• Maternity Benefit Act 1961
• Payment of Gratuity Act 1972

24. RSBY

25. Rashtriya Swasthya Bhima Yojna
• Government-run health insurance scheme for
the Indian poor.
• Launched in April 1, 2008
• Transferred to Ministry of Health and family
welfare from April 1, 2015

26. • Was initially designed to target only the Below
Poverty Line (BPL) households
• Has been expanded to cover other defined
categories of unorganised workers

27. JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

28. The Indian Children act , 1960 in India defines
delinquent as
“a child who has committed an
offence”

29. Juvenile Deliquency
All deviations from normal youthful behaviour
and includes the
 Incorrigible ,
Ungovernable,
 Habitually disobedient
Those who desert their homes
 Mix with immoral people
Those with behaviour problems
Indulge in antisocial practices

30. • Incidence
US – 2% in 7-17 years
On the increase in India during past 2-3 years
Change in cultural pattern
Urbanisation
Industrialisation
Highest in 15 years and above.
Incidence among boys is 4-5 times more.

31. Causes
1. Biological causes
 Heriditary defects
 Feeble-mindedness
 Physical defects
 Glandular imbalance
 Chromosome anomaly – XYY

32. 2. Social causes
Broken homes
Disturbed home conditions

33. 3.Other causes
Absence of recreation facilities
Urbanisation
Industrialization
telivision
Slum dwelling

34. THEORIES
• STRAIN THEORY
• DIFFERENTIAL THEORY
• LABELLING THEORY
• MALE PHENOMENON

35. STRAIN THEORY
STRAIN THEORY HOLDS
THAT CRIME IS CAUSED
BY THE DIFFICULTY
FACED IN ACHIEVING
SOCIALLY VALUED GOALS
BY LEGITIMATE MEANS
BY THOSE IN POVERTY

36. DIFFERENTIAL THEORY
• IT SUGGESTS YOUNG
PEOPLE ARE MOTIVATED
TO COMMIT CRIMES BY
DELINQUENT PEERS
AND LEARN CRIMINAL
SKILLS FROM THEM

37. LABELLING THEORY
THE IDEA IS THAT ONCE
LABELED AS DEVIANT A
YOUNG PERSON MAY
ACCEPT THAT ROLE AND
BE MORE LIKELY TO
ASSOCIATE WITH
OTHERS WHO HAVE BEEN
SIMILARLY LABELLED

38. MALE PHENOMENON
• YOUTH CRIME IS
DISPROPOTIONATELY
COMMITED BY YOUNG
MEN

39. PREVENTIVE MEASURES
• Improvement of family life:
– Well adjusted family.
– Parents prepared for
parenthood.
– Meeting needs of children.

40. • Schooling:
– Healthy teacher pupil relationship.

41. • Social welfare services:
– Recreation facilities
– parent counseling
– child guidance, educational facilities
– adequate general health services.

42. Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children)Act
- 2015 has been passed by Parliament of India.
- Juveniles in conflict with Law in the
age group of 16–18, involved in Heinous Offences, can
be tried as adults.
- The Act came into force from 15 January 2016

43. Thank you