1. SCALING UP HWTS – THE
BUILDING BLOCKS
Presented by: Michael A. Forson,
UNICEF, New York

2. Contamination pathways to safe water
Poorly maintained
and leaking pipe
networks
Pit latrines
Natural
water
sources
Safe
drinking
water at the
community
/school level
Water Transport
• Pipe network
• Tanker trucks
• Carts
• Carrying water
• etc
Storage and
Consumption
of safe water
Poor handling
behavior
Community/school Level
solutions
• Boreholes
• Treatment plants
• Spring protection
• Mechanized systems, etc
Flooding
Household level solutions
• Boiling
• disinfection
• filtration
• pasteurization
• Safe storage, etc

3. Building blocks for Scaling up
HWTS – Definition and Concept
Scaling up: what is it?
• Taking up proven interventions into a higher dimension
(upstream) and positioning it in a sustainable manner in a
country’s developmental and socio-economical agenda.
Building blocks: what does it involve?
• The building blocks are basically the foundational steps
that need to be put in place in order to move to a
sustainable scale. Without these, it will look like something
is being achieved but then will not stand the test of time.
The “blocks” outlined does not necessarily need to happen
in that order, however some are contingent upon others to
happen.
UNICEF
SCALING UP HWTS: THE BUILDING BLOCKS

4. Some building blocks ../1
1. Proven benefits of the interventions.
•
What are the success stories that will attract the government? Is it
just an intervention or there is something that the government will
benefit from? Say reducing cost in health care, other economic
gains such as creation of employment through private sector
participation? etc.
2. Involvement of the private sector.
•
What are the drivers to create/enhance a vibrant market? We will
need to understand how the private sector is involved. Any
business models being used or emerging?
3. The role of the Academia.
•
UNICEF
The role of the academia cannot be over emphasized. This is a
critical role when it comes to evaluations, reviews and testing new
ideas in HWTS. There should be a partnership with the academia
SCALING UP HWTS: THE BUILDING BLOCKS

5. Some building blocks ../2
4. Who owns the agenda?
How do you
view HWTS
delivery?
Commercial
goods?
UNICEF
SCALING UP HWTS: THE BUILDING BLOCKS
Govt takes lead
Private sector
takes the sales
and distribution
•
Social
goods?
•
•
Private sector
takes lead
Govt plays
regulatory and
licensing role
•

6. Some building blocks ../3
5. Where is the home for HWTS within the government?
•
Lead ministry, collaborating ministries, supporting agencies, etc.
6. Any key sector policies recognizing HWTS as an
intervention to public health gains?
7. Is there a national target for HWTS?
•
Where are we going?
8. Integration or standalone?
•
Are there existing interventions that HWTS can ride on? On what
platform is HWTS taking off?
9. Funding?
•
UNICEF
Funds can always be found for projects, etc. But the big question
is when moving to scale who funds it? . Govt budgetary
allocation? Innovative funding mechanisms?.
SCALING UP HWTS: THE BUILDING BLOCKS

7. Moving to Scale – the 3 environments
Adequate
mechanisms for
sustaining, expansion
and accountability
Developing
Environment
The systems and structures for
procuring and delivering
equitable services at all levels,
participation and proper
targeting of resources, quantity
and quality of outputs
(hardware and software)
Sustaining
Environment
Enabling
Environment
The supporting environment
for a functioning subsector,
clear leadership and
objectives, coordination and
regulation mechanisms,
planning and revision of
investments, sufficient and
clear budget.

8. −
−
−
−
WASH programme implementation in 5 regions
Adaptation and use by other sector programmes
Continued national coordination
Monitoring, evaluation, documentation and learning
1. Rural sanitation model and scaling up strategy;
2. National Strategy for scaling up HWWS
3. National Strategy for HWTS
4. The WASH SPLASH Strategy
3
Evaluations and assessments of key interventions (2009-2010)
1. Evaluation of CLTS implementation between 2007 and 2009
2. Assessment of hand washing with soap
3. Assessment of household water treatment and safe storage
4. Assessment of 3 key behaviours (SED, HWWS and HWTS)
- 2009
- 2010
- 2010
- 2011
2
Strategic decision of re-packaging WASH into four packages to
integrate HWTS
1
1. Enabling environments; 2. Behavioural Change (SED, HWWS, HWTS)
3. Water and Sanitation Services; 4. WASH in Emergencies
−
−
6
Implementation of HWTS between 2007 - 2011
Household intervention for Guinea worm eradication => ceramic/biosand filters
Improved drinking water supply for flood affected households =>ceramic filters/aquatabs
Overall national level coordination, partnership and learning
44
Development of national scaling up strategies (2010-2011)for
Water and Sanitation Sector Working Group – Overall sector coordination
National Technical Working Group on Sanitation – sanitation/hygiene
Technical working groups for HWWS, HWTS and WASH SPLASH
5
Scaled up implementation (2012-2016)
−
−
−
An example:
Process
of Developing
HWTS in Ghana

9. In Conclusion …
• Although there are principles and frameworks for
scaling up interventions, I will like to emphasized that
the process, the building blocks and time may differ
from country to country
• Final critical point to note is that HWTS is not
replacing the normal community water supply, but
complementing it. That is why the need for
integration in programming
UNICEF
SCALING UP HWTS: THE BUILDING BLOCKS