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指導老師:王蘭華
組員:410271010郭家慈
410271013丁均誼
網路拓樸(network topology):
是指通訊網路上電腦和裝置的配置,有星狀、
匯流排和環狀等三種常用的網路拓樸。
 所有節點都連接到一個中央裝置,形成星狀。
 容易架設和維護,節點可隨時加入或移除。
 ~若某個節點故障不影響其他節點;但若是集線器
或交換器故障,整個網路都將無法運作。
 由單一調中央纜線,加上所有電腦及裝置都連接
到這條纜線所組成。
 ~匯流台以雙向傳輸資料、指令和資訊。
 匯流排網路上任何一部電腦壞掉,都不會影響到其
它電腦間的通訊,但若主幹線出問題,網路將無法
正常運作。
 由一條纜線形成一個封閉的環形迴圈,所有電腦
和裝置都接在這條環型纜線上。
 資料傳輸方式以單一方向從一個裝置傳到下一個
裝置。
 若環狀網路上的某台電腦或裝置故障時,有可能
整個網路都停止運作。
 ~延伸距離大但較難架設。
是一種使用網際網路技術的內部網路,企業內部網路
通常會將公司資訊開放讓員工存取,並協助群組合作。
 簡單應用:電話目錄、行事曆、徵才資訊等。
 複雜應用:專案管理、群組排程、視訊會議等。
※補充:
有些公司使用企業外部網路,允許顧客或供應商存去
部分企業內部網路。
EX:快遞公司能讓顧客進入企業內部網路查詢包裹
遞送進度。
乙太網路、記號環
 網路通訊標準出現的目的為促使不同的電腦可以互
相傳送資料。
 認證機構:ANSI、IEEE
 制訂兩種網路裝置間如何通訊的特性稱為”協
定”(Protocol),包含:
Ethernet、記號環、TCP/IP、Wi-Fi、藍芽、UWB、
IrDA、RFID、WiMAX、WAP。
 沒有指定任何在網路(或節點)上負責控制何時傳輸
資料的中央電腦或裝置。
 易造成碰撞(collision)
 匯流排拓樸為基準,多個則可用星狀型態連接。
 最早為標準為10Mbps的資料傳輸率。
現在則有Fast Ethernet→100Mbps。
Gigabit Ethernet→1Gbps等。
最高則達到100Gbps。
 以單方向及預先設定的順序,共用或傳遞一個稱為”
權杖記號”(token)的特殊信號。
 擁有權杖記號的裝置方可傳輸資料。
 通常建立在環狀拓樸上,不過星狀拓樸也是可以。
 傳輸速率可以是4Mbps、16Mbps、100Mbps或
1Gbps。

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網路與網路通訊標準