Final Report for Master\'s Thesis at the Donald Bren School of Environmental Science and Management. Co-Authors: Jennifer Miller and Kyle Albers

1. A Lifecycle Assessment of the Supply Chain and Evaluation of End-of-Life Management Options Wednesday, April 2, 2008

2. Project Significance Increase in shoe = Increase in environmental production/consumption impacts (production/disposal) Number of shoes produced world-wide in 2004 12 billion pairs Projected world- wide production by 2010 20 billion pairs Average pair of shoes owned per person in the U.S. 10 pairs Total U.S footwear sales, 2005 $42 billion United States footwear consumption 2005 1.4 billion pairs Average amount of shoes disposed in landfill per year ~ 104 million pairs

3. What’s in a Typical Shoe PET EVA Adhesives Nylon 6 Virgin Rubber Conventional Cotton Metal Eyelet Leather

4. Simple Shoes

8. The Four Products Shoe 1 GREEN TOE Shoe 2 GREEN TOE Shoe 3 ecoSNEAKS Shoe 4 Conventional Sneaker

9. What’s in a Simple Shoe? Vamp/ Upper Laces & Tongue Sock Liner Heel Outsole Midsole Insole

10. Natural Latex 34% Crepe 38% PET 4% Bamboo 4% Cotton 4% Hemp 17% Percentage of Materials by Weight Shoe 1 Green Toe

11. Virgin Rubber 32 % Recycled Car Tire 29 % Organic Cotton 7% EVA 5% PET 11% Nickel 2% Latex 5 % Hemp 14% Shoe 3 ecoSNEAKS Percentage of Materials by Weight

12. Cotton 16% Cow Suede 15% EVA 5% Jute 1% Virgin Rubber 55% Misc. 4% Nickel 1% PU Foam 1% Percentage of Materials by Weight Shoe 4 Conventional Shoe

13. Manufacturing a Simple Shoe Cutting Stitching Gluing Finishing Packaging Stages of Assembly

17. Shoe Assembly Material Production Packaging Transportation Disposal

21. Life Cycle Assessment Interpretation Environmental Impact Categories Shoe Styles AP [kg SO2-Equiv.] EP [kg P-Equiv] FAETP [kg DCB-Equiv.] GWP [kg CO2-Equiv.] HTP [kg DCB-Equiv.] Shoe 1 0.0171 0.0033 0.0402 1.672 8.482 Shoe 3 0.0092 0.0015 0.0414 1.808 10.469 Shoe 4 0.0695 0.0179 0.1623 7.51 41.03 Shoe Styles ODP [kg R11-Equiv.] POCP [kg Ethene-Equiv.] RAD [DALY] TEPT [kg DCB-Equiv.] MAETP [kg DCB-Equiv.] Shoe 1 1.48E-06 3.99E-03 1.40E-08 39.42 140.25 Shoe 3 7.10E-07 1.12E-0 3 1.54E-08 48.51 266.61 Shoe 4 7.59E-07 1.68E-03 1.95E-08 190.96 796.12

22. In “Simpler” Terms Shoe Style GWP is Equivalent to driving a Car (19mpg) for… GWP is Equivalent to powering a 60W Light Bulb for… How about mileage for the world projection of shoe production… Shoe 1 3.9 mi 29 hrs ~70 Billion Miles Shoe 3 4.2 mi 31 hrs ~84 Billion Miles Shoe 4 17.4 mi 129 hrs ~300 Billion Miles

24. Analyzing the Supply Chain Existing vs. Extended Raw Materials Extraction Primary Materials Production Component Manufacture Finished Product Assembly Product Sale and Delivery Product Use Product Disposal Supply Loop? Existing Supply Chain Extended Supply Chain

25. Analyzing the Supply Chain “Greening” the Supply Chain through Materials Substitution

26. Analyzing the Supply Chain “Greening” the Supply Chain through Materials Substitution Material Amount (MJ) Crepe Rubber 0.30 Hemp 2.44 Organic Cotton 16.18 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) 16.57 Cotton 18.77 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) 22.77 Polyurethane (PU) Foam 27.63 Silicon Rubber 47.25 Nylon 6 55.59 Leather 56.95 Source: PE International (GaBi 4.0) Extended DB

28. Assessment of the Economic and Environmental Benefits of Materials Substitution Original Material – Shoe 4 Alternative Material – Shoe 1 Environmental Impact 1 Economic Cost 2 Laces Cotton Organic Cotton Jute Outsole Rubber Crepe Rubber Retreaded Car Tires Midsole EVA Wool Felt Cork No Data Recycled PET Insole/Liner Cotton Bamboo Upper Suede Hemp Jute Wool Felt Adhesives Chemical-Based Adhesives (Phenol/Urea) Water-Based Adhesives

35. Questions?