It's a testament to the wild success of Linux that it is showing up on devices from wristwatches, to mobile phones, to netbooks, to desktops, to RISC-based computers, and to mainframes, not to mention being the foundation of much of cloud computing today. That said, are users really matching the work they need to do on Linux to the appropriate software, processors and machines? Backed by customer examples, this talk will discuss the high level criteria that you can use to help ensure that your Linux implementation optimally runs your business and helps delight your customers.

1. 1 Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM

2. Linux Everywhere?
Matching the Workload to the Computer
Dr. Robert Sutor
VP, Open Source and Linux, IBM SWG
September 2, 2009
2 Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM

3. Agenda

Linux, and

Building a smarter planet, that is increasingly:

Instrumented

Interconnected

Intelligent

Matching workloads to platforms

Virtualization

Horizontal clusters and grids

Vertical symmetrical multiprocessing

Centralized computing

Cloud computing
3 Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM

4. Building a smarter planet
“Every human being, company, organization, city, nation,
natural system and man­made system is becoming
interconnected, instrumented and intelligent.
This is leading to new savings and efficiency—but perhaps
as important, new possibilities for progress.”
The world is
flatter.
The world is Because it can.
smaller. Because it must.
The world is Because we want it to.
getting smarter.
4 Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM

5. An instrumented planet, and Linux
What’s new?
•
Powerful computing on ubiquitous handheld devices and
netbooks
Fedora Moblin Android
•
Embedded sensors provide a wealth of data, much of it
real­time
Linux brings: Small size, modularity, and the ability to run
on multiple platforms
5 Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM

6. An interconnected world, and Linux
What’s new?
•
High speed, reliable connectivity with ubiquitous access
•
Ability to optimize mix of personal computing and
shared access to big computing
Linux brings: Cross­platform portability, scalability, and
much of the fabric of the internet
6 Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM

7. Impire AG
Sports television company providing intelligent, real­time 3D graphics and statistics for
professional sporting events to TV broadcast companies in Germany, Austria and Switzerland
✱ Business Challenge
– Needed high­performance database platforms providing management, processing
and mining of data for instantaneous play analysis and statistical content
✱ Solution
– Red Hat Enterprise Linux
– IBM BladeCenter
– IBM Informix Dynamic Server
– IBM DB2 Alphablox
– IBM DB2 Data Warehouse Edition
– IBM WebSphere Portal Express
✱ Benefits
– Improved ability to provide information on demand
– Higher system availability and reliability
– Faster and more in­depth analysis with data mining
– Improved employee productivity
– Better collaboration with employees and customers
7 Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM

8. An intelligent world, and Linux
What’s new?
•
Vast and increasing amounts of data not yet interpreted
•
Scalable computing power available on demand
Linux brings: Supercomputing power at affordable cost,
parallel computing clusters, stream computing
8 Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM

9. IBM and Linux take on “Jeopardy!”
Challenges include:

variety of subjects

speed of responses when
competing against humans

“subtlety” of the questions
Two years to develop “question
answering” system that determines
precise answers to natural­
language questions, and computes
accurate confidences in the
answers
“Watson” system incorporates
massively parallel analytical
systems, and is not connected to
the internet or other outside help.
9 Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM

10. Matching the workload to the computing platform

Small computing: (portability, personal use)

Big computing: Scalability, resilience,
flexibility, manageability

Shared access to big computing, where
appropriate and cost­effective

Different ways to achieve this …
10 Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM

11. Virtualization helps you right­size your
computing
IBM has been doing virtualization for more than 40 years

Originally developed to make better use of critical
hardware

IBM runs Linux as a virtualized OS across entire
hardware portfolio

Innovation continues
VMware Xen KVM
PLPAR PHYP
CP/CMS VM/370 VM/ESA Z/VM
1967 1972 1990 2000 2002 2009
11 Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM

12. Virtualization can mean different things
Trap and Emulate Translate, Trap, and Emulate
Virt Mach Virt Mach • VM runs in user mode
• VM runs in user mode
Load • All privileged instructions Load • Some IA­32 instructions must
Add cause traps Add be replaced with trap ops
Store Store
PrivOp Trap Hypervisor PrivOp TrapOp Trap Hypervisor PrivOp
Load emulation code Load emulation code
... ...
Examples: CP­67, VM/370 Examples: VMware, Microsoft VS
Benefits: Runs unmodified OS Benefits: Runs unmodified, translated OS
Issues: Substantial overhead Issues: Substantial overhead
Hypervisor Calls (“Paravirtualization”) Direct Hardware Virtualization
Virt Mach Virt Mach • VM runs in normal modes
• VM runs in normal modes
Load Load
• Hardware does most of the
• OS in VM calls hypervisor
Add Add virtualization (SIE architecture)
to access real resources
• Hypervisor provides control
Store Store
Hcall Call Hypervisor PrivOp
Exit Hypervisor Hypervisor calls
Load service Load
service also supported
... ...
Examples: POWER Hypervisor, Xen Examples: System z LPAR, z/VM, KVM, Hyper­V
Benefits: High efficiency Benefits: High efficiency, runs unmodified OS
Issues: OS must be modified to issue Hcalls Issues: Requires underlying hardware support
12 Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM

13. Horizontal Clusters and Grids

Large numbers of loosely coupled similar systems

x86, some RISC

Suitable for parallel tasks

Low cost, high performance

Low update to query ratio

Typical workloads

Web serving

Analyzing trends

Developing new drugs

Sample industries

Financial Services

Life Sciences

Education

Media and Entertainment
13 Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM

14. Astellas Pharma, Inc.
A worldwide pharmaceutical company in Japan reduces operation time for new drugs from one
year to one month, increasing research efficiency with IBM and Red Hat Enterprise Linux
✱ Company Profile
– Based in Japan, Astellas Pharma Inc. is a global company involved in
manufacturing, marketing, importing and exporting pharmaceuticals.
✱ Business Challenge
– Ongoing changes in the pharmaceutical industry have had a major
impact on drug discovery
– Government requirements on pharmaceutical effectiveness, safety, and
ADME disposition have dramatically increased
– In 10 years, the number of chemical compounds to be screened out
has increased 1,000%
✱ Solution
– Red Hat Enterprise Linux
– IBM BladeCenter, IBM System x HS20 blades
✱ Benefits
– Drug discovery simulation time reduced from one year to one month,
ensuring much greater productivity for Astellas’ research staff
– High efficiency and space savings drive infrastructure savings
14 Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM

15. Vertical Symmetrical MultiProcessing

High performance systems with shared resources

RISC, some x86

Suitable for transactional and database tasks

High update to query ratio

Virtualization increasingly important

Typical workloads

Centralized databases

ERP, CRM, SCM applications

Compute­intensive applications

Sample industries

Manufacturing

Transportation

Banking

Government
15 Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM

16. Volkswagen AG
Consolidation and virtualization improves efficiency, competitiveness

Business challenge

76 standalone competitive UNIX servers with different web application middleware
supported several Volkswagen applications. These were difficult to scale as needed,
driving up maintenance costs and lowering efficiency.

Volkswagen was determined to find a more manageable and scalable underlying
hardware and software solution capable of enabling it to reduce total cost of
ownership while boosting competitiveness.

Solution

Consolidate from 76 servers down to six System p5 570 servers and the migration of
77 web based applications running a mixture of Red Hat Linux and AIX

IBM also helped standardize the company’s operational processes and WebSphere
middleware stack.

Benefits

Significantly reduced the complexity and total cost of ownership (TCO) of its global IT
infrastructure

Enables the automobile manufacturer to more quickly respond to changing market
conditions
http://www­01.ibm.com/software/success/cssdb.nsf/CS/BTHD­78NKSD
16 Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM

17. Centralized Computing

Massively consolidated systems

Mainframes, some RISC

Suitable for mixed workloads

High utilization, reliability, security, energy efficiency

Virtualization essential

Typical workloads

Web Commerce, Web Applications

ERP, CRM applications

Consolidation of multiple applications

Sample industries

Banking

Insurance

Energy

Telecomms
17 Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM

18. Bank of New Zealand
A bank uses Red Hat Enterprise Linux on System z10 to reduce their carbon
footprint, and address datacenter cost and capacity concerns
The Bank of New Zealand reduce their datacenter footprint by 30%, heat
output by 33%, carbon footprint by 39%, and expects a 20% ROI

The Challenge

A datacenter with 200 Sun servers was at capacity
“Deploying IBM mainframes

Bank of New Zealand needed to grow, reduce with Red Hat Enterprise Linux
emissions and costs, become more open, and seeks
to become carbon­neutral by 2010 to address our carbon footprint
and cost savings concerns

The Solution was a very big deal,

Consolidate 200 Sun servers down to just 1 IBM especially at the
System z10 mainframe running Red Hat Enterprise senior management level.”
Linux

The Benefit
Lyle Johnston

Bank of New Zealand reduced power consumption by Infrastructure Architect
close to 40%, heat output by 33% Bank of New Zealand

Just one administrator is needed per 200 virtual
servers

New environments are deployed in minutes, not days
http://www.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/26621.wss
18 Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM
18

19. Salt River Project
Utility company in central Arizona: more than 4,000 employees, serving over 925,000 customers,
covering 2900 square miles
✱ Challenge
– Deliver ever­improving contributions to the people SRP servers through the
provision of low­cost, reliable water and power, and community programs
– Reduce server sprawl of distributed HP­UX systems
– Increase utilization, flexibility and management
– Consolidate workloads and run more workloads per server
✱ Solution
– Red Hat Enterprise Linux
– IBM System z mainframe
– Red Hat Network Satellite
✱ Benefits
– Stable and predictable solution, easily managed via Red Hat Network Satellite
– Cost savings through eliminating license costs
19 Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM

20. Cloud Computing

Shared, scalable systems

x86, RISC, Mainframes

Suitable for mixed workloads

Dynamic provisioning

Virtualization essential

Typical workloads

Infrastructure

Development and Test

Collaboration

Sample industries

Banking

Software development

Universities

Government
20 Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM

21. China Services Cloud – A Cloud for Developers
Goal
“IBM has its vision to help the
• Stimulate software start­up company growth
Chinese government, as well as the
• Launch new business models
company to use the resource in a
• Accelerate transformation to a services­led
smarter way. Cloud computing is
economy
one of the most important platforms
that enables us to do so.” ­ Paul Lu,
Pain Points CEO, Wuxi Lake Tai Cloud
• Efficiently provide software development and test Computing Service
tools to software startup companies
• Provide competitive services to internet users
Benefits
• Accelerates development and test cycles through
quick resource on­boarding
• Public cloud: Access through internet or secure
connection
• Virtualized, secure, network isolated environments
with Rational development and test tools IBM CloudBurst
• Backup/restore capabilities with Tivoli Storage
Management to protect customer assets
21 Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM

22. Matching the Workload to the Linux Computer

Linux runs on more processors than anything else

Flexibility

Scalability

Availability of skills and applications

Choose the right computer for the workload, not vice­
versa

Personal vs. Shared

Local vs. Remote

Ownership vs. Cost

Small is beautiful, and …

…big is beautiful as well
22 Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM

23. Trademarks & Disclaimers
The following are trademarks of the International Business Machines Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. For a complete list of IBM Trademarks, see
www.ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml: IBM, the IBM logo, BladeCenter, Calibrated Vectored Cooling, ClusterProven, Cool Blue, POWER, PowerExecutive, Predictive Failure
Analysis, ServerProven, Power Systems, System Storage, System x , System z, WebSphere, DB2 and Tivoli are trademarks of IBM Corporation in the United States and/or
other countries. For a list of additional IBM trademarks, please see http://ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml.
The following are trademarks or registered trademarks of other companies:
Java and all Java based trademarks and logos are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc., in the United States and other countries or both
Microsoft, Windows,Windows NT and the Windows logo are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both.
Intel, Intel logo, Intel Inside, Intel Inside logo, Intel Centrino, Intel Centrino logo, Celeron, Intel Xeon, Intel SpeedStep, Itanium, and Pentium are trademarks or registered
trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries.
UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries or both.
Linux is a trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both.
Cell Broadband Engine is a trademark of Sony Computer Entertainment Inc.
InfiniBand is a trademark of the InfiniBand Trade Association.
Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.
NOTES:
Linux penguin image courtesy of Larry Ewing (lewing@isc.tamu.edu) and The GIMP
Any performance data contained in this document was determined in a controlled environment. Actual results may vary significantly and are dependent on many factors
including system hardware configuration and software design and configuration. Some measurements quoted in this document may have been made on development­level
systems. There is no guarantee these measurements will be the same on generally­available systems. Users of this document should verify the applicable data for their
specific environment.
IBM hardware products are manufactured from new parts, or new and serviceable used parts. Regardless, our warranty terms apply.
Information is provided “AS IS” without warranty of any kind.
All customer examples cited or described in this presentation are presented as illustrations of the manner in which some customers have used IBM products and the results
they may have achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics will vary depending on individual customer configurations and conditions.
This publication was produced in the United States. IBM may not offer the products, services or features discussed in this document in other countries, and the information
may be subject to change without notice. Consult your local IBM business contact for information on the product or services available in your area.
All statements regarding IBM's future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.
Information about non­IBM products is obtained from the manufacturers of those products or their published announcements. IBM has not tested those products and
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in new editions of the publication. IBM may make improvements and/or changes in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this publication at any time.
23 Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM

24. 24 Red Hat Summit 2009 | Dr. Robert Sutor, IBM