1. The Civil War (1861-1865)
Who’s In and Who’s Out?
•The Border States of Missouri,
Kentucky, Maryland and Delaware
stayed with the Union (some more
by force than choice)
•Because of this, Tennessee,
Arkansas, Virginia and North Carolina
all joined the Confederacy
•Lincoln issued a call for troops in
response to Fort Sumter’s surrender

2. The Civil War (1861-1865)
Missouri and Kentucky
•Protected Union farmland to the North
•They helped control the MS and OH Rivers
The Border States
The Border States were Slave States
but Lincoln needed them too much
Maryland
•w/o it, DC would be surrounded by the CSA
Delaware
•Protects the ports of Philadelphia

3. The Civil War (1861-1865)
Here’s a tough question

4. The Civil War (1861-1865)
Who had the advantage in the War?
Union or Confederacy?
Why?

5. The Civil War (1861-1865)

6. Union Advantages
The Union had larger population
More troops means the Union can
withstand more casualties and
overcome poor military leadership
The Union had more industry
This means more weapons
and ammunition
Abraham Lincoln
Like him or not, the Union
couldn’t have won
without his leadership.

7. Confederate Advantages
The CSA had a cause
Much like our Revolution, the
people were fighting to be free
from an oppressive government
Military Leadership
The South had more trained
officers and more trained troops
who had just finished fighting
against Mexican troops
Plus, the CSA had “home field advantage”

8. #1 Blockade the Confederate Coastline
This keeps the troop movement slow
and keeps the South from exporting
cotton
The Civil War (1861-1865)
Union war plan – Anaconda Plan

9. =
=

10. #2 Control the Mississippi River
This cuts off the “West”
from the rest of the CSA
The Civil War (1861-1865)
Union war plan

11. It was a simple one-part plan
Fight a “defensive” war. Make it difficult
enough for the Union to take them back, the
Union would simply get tired of fighting and
recognize the CSA as a new nation.
The Civil War (1861-1865)
Confederate war plan
Besides, they didn’t have the troop
numbers to go on the “offensive.”

12. The Civil War (1861-1865)
Who were these two sides?
The Confederates were broken into two major Armies
The Army of Tennessee
•This was the combination of the Armies
of Kentucky, Mississippi and Tennessee
•was headed by a few different Generals
•Fought mostly in the Western Campaigns
The Army of Northern Virginia
•Eventually was headed by Robert E. Lee
•Fought mostly in the Eastern Campaigns

13. The Civil War (1861-1865)
Who were these two sides?
TheUnion was broken into two major Armies as well
The Army of the Tennessee
•Fought in the Western Theater
•Most notably headed by
Generals Grant and Sherman
The Army of the Potomac
•Lincoln’s main Army
•Fought mostly in the Eastern Campaigns
•Headed by a bunch of men - finally Grant

14. The Civil War (1861-1865)
Early Years (1861-1862)
Some Early Battles and their importance
Date Who Won? Battle Significance
July
1861
CSA
First Bull Run
or Manassas
First major battle of Civil War
Both sides disorganized
Stonewall Jackson - Confederate hero
CSA can’t capitalize on Union retreat
April
1862
Union Shiloh
General Grant emerges as leader in
West
CSA wins 1st day, but reinforcements
from Nashville help Union pull it out
From here, the Union takes Corinth, MS
and Memphis – starts control of MS
River
April
1862
Union New Orleans
David Farragut – Union Naval hero
Union capture of city gives them total
control of MS River and keeps the CSA
from using it to ship goods

15. The Civil War (1861-1865)
Early Years (1861-1862)
Some Early Battles and their importance
Date Who Won? Battle Significance
March
1862
CSA
Peninsular
Campaign
McClellan wastes too much time
training and building his troops
Robert E. Lee takes command of CSA
troops – Army of Virginia
Union fails to capture Richmond
August
1862
CSA
2nd Bull Run
or Manassas
Stonewall Jackson / Lee vs John Pope
Richmond safe for now
CSA pushes to 20 miles from DC
Sept.
1862
Union
Antietam
(Maryland)
Lee goes on the offensive to try to get
aid from England or France with a win
McClellan actually found Lee’s plans,
but was too cautious to act on them
Union wins (barely), but McClellan
replaced

16. Death
Tolls
Top5 Battles in Terms of Casualties
Date DeathToll Battle/ Total
Sept. 17
1862
12,410 U
13,724 C
Antietam
26,134
May 8-19
1864
18,399 U
9,000 C
Spotsylvania
27,399
May 1-4
1863
17,278 U
12,821 C
Chancellorsville
30,099
Sept 19-20
1863
16,170 U
18,454 C
Chickamauga
34,624
July 1-3
1863
23,049 U
28,063 C
Gettysburg
51,112

17. Did You Know?
Dog Tagscame
from the Civil
War
Because the death toll was so
high, soldiers printed their
names and addresses on
handkerchiefs or paper, which
they pinned to their clothing
before going into battle.

18. Civil War Firsts that you may not have known!
These things occurred for the first time
during our Civil War
Machine gun
SteelShips
Submarine
Snorkel breathingdevice
Anti-aircraft fire
Cigarette Tax
Commissioned Army Chaplains
Department of Justice (CSA)
Electronicallyexploded bombs
Flame Throwers
Medal of Honor
Naval Torpedoes
BlackUS Army Officer
(Major M.R. Delaney)
Battle Photography
Repeating Rifles
“Taps”
Income Tax
US Secret Service
Anesthesia for surgery
NO, YOU DIDN’T KNOW THEM ALL!!!!
According to
The Civil War: Strange and
Fascinating Facts
by Burke Davis

19. Lincoln
and his commanders
Irvin McDowell
Too Inexperienced
George McClellan
TOO SLOW Ambrose Burnside
Guess what we got from him?
Joe Hooker
Not your most
upstanding figure

20. Lincoln and his commanders
George Meade
He was the last real
Commander of the
Army of the Potomac
And Finally in 1864
Ulysses S. Grant
Commander of Federal Troops

21. Abraham Lincoln
The Great Emancipator
Early Views on Slavery
Remember that Lincoln and most Republicans
were for a gradual end to slavery.
His main concern was with the Border
States who still owned slaves.
As the war moved on, the North saw
slavery as helping the Confederate cause.

22. Abraham Lincoln
The Great Emancipator
The Times They are a Changin’
There was growing pressure from Free
Blacks and Abolitionists in the North.
Lincoln also needs a way to keep England
and France out of this war.
He also wanted the President to make a
stand on slavery, not the Congress.

23. Abraham Lincoln
The Great Emancipator
The Emancipation Proclamation
After victory at Antietam, Lincoln
announced his intention to free the slaves
of the South. On January 1, 1863 he issued
the Emancipation Proclamation, stating:
“. . . all persons held as slaves within any state .
. . in rebellion against the United States, shall
be then, thenceforward, and forever free.”

24. Emancipation Proclamation
What did it do?
DID IT FREE THE SLAVES IN THE UNION?
NO! The Border States kept their slaves
because they weren’t “in rebellion.”
DID IT FREE THE SLAVES IN THE SOUTH?
NOT REALLY Remember, the CSA isn’t
listening to Lincoln because they are “in
rebellion” DUH

25. Emancipation Proclamation
What did it do?
DID IT GIVE BLACKS AND SLAVES HOPE?
YES, any slave who made it to Union
controlled territory was set free and over
100,000 did just that.
Furthermore, there were about 200,000
African Americans who served in the
Union Armies and Navies.

26. You may have seen this
movie which is about the
54th Massachusetts A
regiment that was All-
Black (except the
commanding officers)
Many of them were killed leading a failed
Union raid of Fort Wagner outside of
Charleston, SC in 1863.

27. Emancipation Proclamation
What did it do?
Slaves wouldn’t get freedom until much later
In the 13th Amendment, slavery was
ended, but that was in 1865.
And yet, this may be Lincoln’s most
brilliant maneuver in the Civil War?
YOU BET! England and France couldn’t
sell support of the CSA to their own
people who were also against slavery.

28. Without freeing asingle slave,
Abraham Lincoln hadofficially
changed the Civil War into being
about ending slavery.

29. And they called
him “Slick!”

30. The Civil War (1861-1865)
Things are going good for the
Confederates, or are they?
Fredericksburg (December 1862)
The Confederates are outnumbered, but
easily defeat Ambrose Burnside. He resigns
after the loss.
Chancellorsville (May 1863)
Now, Lee takes on Joseph Hooker. The CSA
wins, but Stonewall Jackson is wounded by his
own men and dies a week later. BIG LOSS
These help Lee feel he should invade the North – it may
bring in Britain and France

31. The Civil War (1861-1865)
The Blue Years (1863-1865)
Battles that begin the end and their importance
Date Who Won? Battle Significance
July
1863
Union Gettysburg
This was the heaviest loss in lives of the
Civil War (over 51,000)
Known for Pickett’s Charge – a very costly
military mistake
With this loss, Lee would never be able to
invade the North again
BIG TURNING POINT IN THE WAR
May –
July
1863
Union Vicksburg
Grant lays siege on the town for a month
Union victory gains control of the MS River
Cuts off TX & AR – The CSA Food Source
Nov
1863
Union Chattanooga
Braxton Bragg (CSA) loses the important
rail center, but plans to starve the Union
forces out

32. The Civil War (1861-1865)
The Blue Years (1863-1865)
Battles that begin the end and their importance
Date Who Won? Battle Significance
July –
Sept
1864
Union Atlanta
Start point for Sherman’s March to the Sea
(Savannah) – introducing the idea of Total
War
Aug
1864
Union Mobile Bay
David Farragut leads Union Navy into bay
and finally gives Union total control of the
Gulf of Mexico
News of this victory helps Lincoln win the
1864 election
1864-
1865
Union Petersburg
Grant attacks this important rail center
near Richmond for months
Eventually forces retreat of Lee’s troops
April 9,
1865
Union
Appomattox
Court House
Lee surrenders to Grant
Other CSA armies will surrender soon