B bounabat-datamatix final version

e-Government Services Interoperability: Benchmark
and Key Success Factors
Pr. Bouchaïb BOUNABAT
Professor at ENSIAS, Rabat, Morocco
Expert in National ICT Strategies and e-Government
May 23-27, 2009 – Dubaï, UAE

Outline
• Interoperability of eGovernment services
• Interoperability Governance
• General Interoperability Framework
• Architecture oriented approach
2B. Bounabat. e-Government Services Interoperability. 15th
GCC eGovernment and eServices Forum May 23-27, 2009 – Dubaï, UAE

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Interoperability Concept
• « e-Government » refers to the use by government agencies of Information and
Communication Technologies, to transform relations with citizens, businesses, and
other administrations.
• The concept of connected government is derived from the whole-of-government
approach which is increasingly using technology as a strategic tool and as an enabler for
public service innovation and productivity growth
• Traditional Government  e-Government  Connected Government
Interoperability of eGovernment
services
Six pillars for a connected Government
• Citizen Centric Evolution Model
• Standard Interoperability Infrastructure
• Reorganized Back-Office
• Clear Governance Modalities
• Innovative Organisation Models
• Reinforced Social Inclusion
B. Bounabat. e-Government Services Interoperability. 15th

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Interoperability Concept
• Interoperability :
– e-Government interoperability is the ability of constituencies to
work together.
– At a technical level, it is the ability of a system or process to use
information and/or functionality of another system or process by
adhering to common standards.
• Fundamental characteristics :
– Interoperability is general
– It can be implemented by using standards and norms
– It enhances fluidity and security of information exchanges
services
Interoperability owes nothing at random

5
« As-is » state
Public Information System as a metalic cupboard ?
Employement Education Finance Social
development
Administration
Citizen
Health
Enterprise
services

6
Why e-government interoperability is
important?
services
Better decisions
Better public services
Better governance

7
« To-be » state
Interoperability Platform = Government Gateway
Employement Education Finance Social
development
Administration
Citizen
Health
Enterprise
Authentification Normalisation Security Data exchangesMutualisation
services

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Government Gateway
• FAQ : What is a Government Gateway, in terms of infrastructure ?
• UK-Gateway : The Government Gateway consists of :
– a set of centrally hosted and managed hardware and software that provides the
Government Gateway User Interface (www.gateway.gov.uk);
– the underlying user identity management services and interfaces;
– and a middleware XML hub that provides the messaging services that link
together front- and back-end systems.
• Government Gateway provides a single, reliable, secure and consistent
route for secure, authenticated messages into and out of customer backend
systems.
services

9
Interoperability setting-up
Two major approaches :
• Standard oriented : General Interoperability Framework
• Architecture Oriented:
Entreprise Architecture & Service Oriented Architecture
Standard
services

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Interoperability initiatives overview
Country Initiative Objectives
UK UK-Gateway Integrate local and central public e-services via the UK-Gateway
palteform
Danemark GEA Use an Enterprise Architecture Framework to plan the development
and the interoperability of public information systems
Ireland PSB Integrate public s-services via the Public Services Broker (PSB) built on
a SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) approach
Belgium Set-up a “one-stop shop” provided by multiple access channels
Europe IDABC Use the ICT to encourage and support the delivery of cross-border
public sector services to citizens, enterprises and administrations in
Europe
USA FEA Elaborate and apply the FEA (Federal Enterprise Architecture), set of
reference models that insures federal agencies governance and
integration
services
B. Bounabat. e-Government Services Interoperability. 15th GCC eGovernment and eServices Forum May 23-27, 2009 – Dubaï, UAE

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Interoperability initiatives overview
Interopérabilité des services de e-gouvernement
Country Initiative Objectives
Brazil Interoperability
Agenda
Integrate local, regional or federal public e-services
Saudi Arabia Yesser
program
Set-up a national interoperability infrastructure and define all the
common standards to be imperatively adopted by the
administrations
Srilanka Lanka Gate Put on-line the totality of public services via ‘Lanka Gate’ that is a
global integration plateform
Singapore PSI initiative Implement the PSI (Public Service Infrastructure), the first South-
East Asian infrastructure that integrates the publics e-services
(successful bet)
Romania NES Set up the National Electronic System (NES), supporting the one-
stop shop to the eGovernement services
Turkey e-Devlet Kapisi Insure e-services access via a single window - In conformance with
the EIF (Europeran Interoperaility Framework)

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Key Success Factors
 Setting-up a clear and strong Interoperability Governance
 Elaborating and applying a General Interoperability Framework
 Adopting a Service Oriented Architecture approach
 Reinforcing data exchanges security and accessibility
services
Standard

Outline

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Objectives
• To identify, to treat and/or to eliminate any obstacles (cultural, legislative, financial, etc.), that
can prevent departments from integrating services and public administrations from sharing
information
• For the European Public Administration Network: without a governance regime:
– each agency will continue to take an insular view of service delivery;
– although service delivery may be coordinated within an agency, there will still be no clear vision of
what is required at a pan-public service level;
– the cost of development of technologies, standards, protocols and policies will be replicated across
multiple agencies;
– each agency will be required to meet eGovernment targets solely from within their own budgetary
constraints;
– new and innovative ways of working will not be easily identified; and
– provision of aggregated services to allow customers view service delivery from the “life event”
approach will not be easy to achieve.
EPAN eGovernment Working Group (2004). Key Principles of an Interoperability Architecture.
Interoperability Governance

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Problems to solve
• Typical scenario : An administration needs to make its on-
line services collaborate in order to serve better its customers
(“Citizen life cycle vision”)
– Are there any legal constraints ? How can the administration
eliminate them?
– Which governmental authority, if there are any, is in charge of
required standards selection and management?
– What are the prerequisite Resource Human skills
– What is the change management scale?
• Recommended Solution : Interoperability Governance
Lead Agency

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Objectives & Missions
• Political missions
– Focusing on and communicating the importance of interoperability strategies and programs
– Strengthening cooperation between administrations
– Following and reporting about all interoperability aspects evolutions at the international level
• Legal missions
– Setting-up andor updating national legal arsenal in order to meet all new requirements dictated by
more extensive cooperation between administrations
– Watching information security, intellectual property and users’ private life protection
• Economic missions
– Designing, implementing and monitoring private public partnerships targeting to achieve
interoperability goals
– Elaborating financial plans for the acquisition and deployment of interoperability solutions
• Leadership
– Defining the responsibilities of the interoperability strategy stake holders
– Supporting their commitment spirit, participation will and communication efforts
– undertaking he necessary training plans for the success of interoperability project

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National Lead Agency
• EPAN recommends that « a single agency should be responsible for
technical and semantic interoperability aspects of the Global
Interoperability Framework »

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National Lead Agency Characteristics
• Separated from all departments to ensure independence;
• Seen as expert in the field of interoperability to engender trust;
• Capable of working as a collaborative partner with all the concerned
stake holders;
• Proactive in the promotion and promulgation of standards and their use;
• Responsible for monitoring usage of and adherence to standards,
guidelines, policies and protocols;
• Singularly focused on standardizing and providing interoperability on a
pan-public service basis; and
• Considered as an advisory body to support agencies in developing
strategies, implementing solutions, coordinating cross-agency aggregated
services and to communities of practice in setting and publishing
standards.

Outline

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The Concept
• General Interoperability Framework (GIF) : Structured Set of norms, standards,
specifications and policies aiming to insure the interoperability between Administration,
customers (citizens and enterprises) and government partners systems.
Country GIF Publication Year Remarks
Belgium BELGIF 2005 Aiming to Promote interoperability at
national and European levels
Danemark Reference Profile 2003 Simultaneous to the setting up of the
governmental enterprise architecture
France CCI
RGI
2003
2007
Dealing with the 3 interoperability levels :
organisational, semantic and technical
United Kingdom e-GIF 2000 Version 6.1 was published in March 2005 !!!
Brazil e-PING 2004 Pioneer in South American countries
Europe EIF 2004 European Interoperability Framework
Others Mauritius (GIF, 2002), Malaysia (My GIF, 2003), Sri Lanka (LIFe, 2006)
Saudi Arabia (Yefi, 2005), Greece (G-GIF, 2002), Morocco (2008)
General Interoperability
Framework

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TheContent
• Typical content : Standards relative to the 3 interoperability dimensions :
organisational (Business Process), semantic, and/or technical
• The GIF Technical layer references policies, norms and/or standards
dealing with (Australia, Brazil, Denmark, Malaysia, New-Zeland, UK) :
– System interconnection
– Governmental Data Integration and exchange
– Meta Data description
– Interfaces and accessibility
– Connection and Integration of Web based application
– Security and privacy
– Specific domains (e-Health, e-Education, etc.)
Framework

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Standards Selection
• 7 +3 key principles for the introduction of a standard in the GIF :
Interoperability, Scalability (adaptability), Reusability,
Openness (Open Standards), Recognized on the market, Privacy, Security
+
Accessibility (EIF), Multilingualism(EIF), Transparency (e-Ping)
Framework
Preference goes to the most widely spread standards in the following order :
international, regional, then national
http://www.govtalk.gov.uk/documents/e-GIF-v6_1.doc

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Expected characteristics
• To insure balance between innovation needs and public services stability
• To be aligned on the national strategy of Electronic Government
Development
• To be flexible, by
– Clearly indicating the adopted standard selection approach
– Eliminating any rigidity factor, particularly while introducing an emergent
standard, or suppressing an obsolete one
– Attaching to each standard a specific clause that describes its life cycle
(sunset clause)
• To be systematically used and referenced in any public call for tender
• To be systematically used for the validation of the conformance of any
new information system component
Standard
Framework

Outline
• Architecture Oriented approach

25
Gouvernemental Enterprise Architecture - The Concept
Architecture oriented
approach
International GEA projects
• USA : FEA, DoDaff, Nascio
• Danemark : GEA
• Canada : GEA
• Ireland : PSB
• Germany : SAGA
• Governmental Enterprise Architecture (GEA) :
– Strategic Roadmap that relates and aligns ICT with the governmental functions
that it supports
– It is an essential tool for effectively and efficiently engineering administration
processes and for implementing and evolving supporting systems. It can also be
used to evaluate the IT organisational alignment.

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GEA and eGovernments Services Interoperability
• The adaptation of public information systems to the standards is a key success factor
for eGov services interoperability
• This necessary adaptation can be facilitated by the definition of a common GEA for
all administrations. Indeed :
– Comparison of the technological, data and application layers of two public information
systems makes it possible to detect the differences between the standards and the means used
for the construction of each layer.
– The evaluation of these differences can indicate with precision not only the real possibilities
of the integration of both systems, but can also plan this integration through the two
architectures road-maps.
Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments : www.enterprise-architecture.info
approach

Service Oriented Architecture – The Concept
• SOA :
– A type of business information architecture model designed to allow all current business
processes as well as future process additions to be integrated.
– Large processes and applications are broken into smaller units also called services.
– A service orientation defines the needs and outcomes of e-government in terms of
services, independent from the technology (hardware platform, operating system,
and programming language) that implements them
– Services can be orchestrated (combined and recombined) into different solutions and
scenarios, as determined by the business needs
• SOA domains are a subset of the GEA domains : SOA uses the outcome of
business processes and other business architecture artifacts as input to identify
business services.
• “Chinese Experience consists of :
– choosing a technical plan based on SOA
– making the most use of all existent systems and infrastructures
– minimizing the wasting of previous investment”
Li Jinjin, President of Beijing Zhonghaijiyuan Digital Technology Co., Ltd. April 2007.
approach

GIF or Architecture ?
• The two approaches are complementary
– Example : Germany’s Standards and Architecture of e-Government Applications (SAGA
V2.0)
– SAGA = GIF + GEA/SOA.
• GIF = a building code
• GEA/SOA = a town plan
approach
Standard

Lessons to remember about eGov Interoperability
• Achieving e-government interoperability is not easy and requires leadership and
commitment.
• Policy makers need to play various roles concerning the elaboration and application
of GIF and/or the setting up of EA/SOA.
• The absence of demonstrable commitment to interoperability by senior government
officials would be counterproductive to the efforts of the government in harnessing
the power of ICT for good governance and national development.
• No government will achieve interoperability in one big step. Securing interoperability
is a process that includes many incremental activities over time.
• To truly enable interoperability between governmental departments, we do not start
with technology but with defining clear a government strategic framework as well as
the vision and goals of its leaders.

Benchmarking et Perspectives pour l’administration marocaine, Atelier BM, 22-23 Avril 2008, Rabat 30
Thank youThank you
e-Government Services Interoperability:
Benchmark and Key Success Factors
Pr. Bouchaïb Bounabat
bounabat@ensias.ma

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