A E J M C Morality News ( Robert Lewis)
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Abstract: This discussion centers on sub-cultural and individual differences in morality, and how those differences may help to determine our reactions to controversial stories in the news. What we consider "good news" or "bad news" seems to be determined by the same psychological systems that we use to make moral judgments of fictional characters and in non-mediated experiences.
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A E J M C Morality News ( Robert Lewis)
- 1. Robert J. Lewis Michigan State University Morality and news MEDIA
- 2. Morality and news Media Why is the same news story enjoyable for some, and abhorrent for others? Why do some stories create heated controversy? (e.g., gay marriage) Moral intuitions govern perceptions of news as good or bad.
- 4. News reports as narratives Altheidedescribes news as a morality play Zillmann describes news as nonfiction theatre
- 5. Model of intuitive morality and exemplars (MIME) A broad model that incorporates MFT with exemplification theory to explain how moral intuition influences reactions to media.
- 6. Media producers create news reports to have a narrative structure. Moral values determine reactions to these stories. Viewers want to see justice served. News-media producers base stories on universal and culturally derived notions of justice.
- 7. Morality moderates reactions to news Political affiliation determines whether outcomes befalling political figures are perceived as just (Zillmann & Knobloch, 2001). Individuals’ justice and care orientations affect responses to controversial news stories (Lind, 1996).
- 8. Testing the mime Two recent studies test the influence of moral intuitions identified in the MIME. Lewis et al. (2011) showed that fairness and loyaltyintuitions predicted reactions to news of the Lockerbie bomber’s release. More recently, loyaltyand purityintuitions predicted reactions to news of Osama Bin Laden assassination.
- 9. Parting thoughts … As with other media, news audiences act as tireless moral monitors. MFT’s moral intuitions are central to this monitoring process. The moral intuitions help to determine whether news is perceived as “good news” versus “bad news.” Macro-level implications? Do the news-media affect moral values, selective exposure, and subsequently media content?
- 10. Production of content affirming salient intuitions and exemplars Automatic/ Controlled Appraisal Exposure to media content featuring salient intuitions/exemplars Intuition/ Exemplar Salience Selective Exposure to liked content a
- 11. The end Thank you!
Notes de l'éditeur
- Hi my name is robertlewis and I’m going to talk about morality and news-media.My presentation will focus on how moral intuitions govern perceptions of news stories.
- Why is it that some news stories create so much controversy and division?Well, often this is because there is disagreement as to the solution to some moral problem presented in the news.That disagreement is often caused by differences in moral intuitions.And when some problem is solved or not solved, and the news-media present that outcome, your moral intuitions will govern whether you perceive that news to be good or bad.
- Moral foundations theory provides us with a framework for looking at individual differences in moral intuitions.The framework states that there are five basic intuitive moral domains, and that they are universal and culturally shaped. All moral judgments are based off of these five intuitive domains.One could easily imagine how political affiliation could affect differences in perceptions of news … or even selective exposure to different news outlets.And there is evidence that differences in these moral intuitions account for differences between political liberals and conservatives. We’ve seen differences in these foundations predict reactions to entertaining narratives, so we were curious if we could use them in a news setting.
- Another thing I want to bring up is that news stories are often presented in narrative format,Altheide says …Zillman says …This is just like narratives in entertainment media, with different reports over time featuring updates to the overall narrative. There are heroes and villains and outcomes that befall these heroes and villains.
- This idea bringsin concepts from media theory regarding the model of intuitive morality and exemplars that we heard about from Dr. Tamborini just a little while ago.Brings up a couple of questions …So are there particular exemplars from the news we attach to certain moral intuitions … and do our intuitions affect our perceptions of these exemplars?
- [read off the list]All of these things are described by Dr. Tamborini’s model.(NEXT SLIDE)
- The link between morality and news is not new. Zillman and Knobloch showed thatLind showed that …What is new is the incorporation of a psychological understanding of morality ….
- LOCKERBIEThe Lockerbie bomber had been convicted of killing 279 people aboard a Pan Am flight in 1988. He was released in the summer 2009 based on compassionate grounds.We found that the fairness domain/intuition predicted more positive responses to the event whereas loyalty predicted more negative reactions to the release of the terrorist.Interestingly, the fairness domain worked differently in the different populations from which our samples were drawn. For students from a southern, conservative campus, fairness predicted more negative reactions but from a northern, more liberal campus fairness predicted more positive reactions.OSAMA BIN LADENWe had a survey scheduled to be distributed the day that Osama Bin Laden had been announced dead. We took advantage of this situation by adding items reflecting different responses to the event. We found that loyalty predicted more positive reactions to the news overall. Particularly, individuals high on loyalty had much more positive reactions to the news. This was true even for individuals whose Loyalty was measured months before the survey.Individuals high on loyalty generally regarded the news as more positive, and were more likely to have “jubilant or joyful” responses.Moreover, individuals high on purity were less likely to have jubilant/joyful responses to the event. This was interesting as it showed that the moral intuitions did more than just split along liberal-conservative lines.Mention the use of the word “assassination.” Allude to the headlines in Nick’s study.
- Just wanted to leave you with some parting thoughts ….
- Do the news media set the moral agenda for entertainment media?************When we see an event in the news, does it affect our moral intuitions, and down the line does it affect aggregate selective exposure patterns? ….This would lead to changes in media content, both news and entertainment media.************(Next slide)
- Just wanted to share how pleased I am to see that more and more people are conducting research in this area. … And thank you for your time.