SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  14
Study Showing the Fish Oil Failure in
Prevention of CVD
Efficacy of Omega-3 Fatty Acid
Supplements
(Eicosapentaenoic Acid and
Docosahexaenoic Acid)
in the Secondary Prevention of
Cardiovascular Disease
• A Meta-analysis of Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-
Controlled Trials Sang Mi Kwak, MD; Seung-Kwon Myung,
MD; Young Jae Lee, MD, MS; Hong Gwan Seo, MD, PhD; for
the Korean Meta-analysis Study Group Arch Intern Med.
Published online April 9, 2012.
doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2012.262.
• Background:
Although previous randomized, double-blind, placebo-
controlled trials reported the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid
supplements in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular
disease (CVD), the evidence remains inconclusive. Using a
meta-analysis, we investigated the efficacy of
eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the
secondary prevention of CVD.
• Methods:
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library in
April 2011. Two of us independently reviewed and selected
eligible randomized controlled trials.
• Results:
Of 1007 articles retrieved, 14 randomized, double-blind,
placebocontrolled trials (involving 20,485 patients with a
history of CVD) were included in the final analyses.
Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids did not reduce the
risk of overall cardiovascular events (relative risk, 0.99; 95%
CI, 0.89- 1.09), all-caused mortality, sudden cardiac death,
myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, or transient
ischemic attack and stroke. There was a small reduction in
cardiovascular death (relative risk, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84-0.99),
which disappeared when we excluded a study with major
methodological problems.
• Furthermore, no significant preventive effect was
observed in subgroup analyses by the following:
country location, inland or coastal geographic area,
history of CVD, concomitant medication use, type of
placebo material in the trial, methodological quality
of the trial, duration of treatment, dosage of
eicosapentaenoic acid or docosahexaenoic acid, or
use of fish oil supplementation only as treatment.
• Conclusion:
Our meta-analysis showed insufficient evidence of a
secondary preventive effect of omega-3 fatty acid
supplements against overall cardiovascular events
among patients with a history of cardiovascular
disease.
The journal article quote by Harvard investigators
Frank B. Hu, MD and JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH was, ”
To date, there is no conclusive evidence to recommend
fish oil supplementation for primary or secondary
prevention of CVD.” The investigators used more
accurate post 2010 data. Pre-2010 data showed positive
association with many “studies” because they were
poorly conducted.
• First, you need to know where the entire “we need fish and
fish oil” nonsense came from. Eskimos have less CVD than
most other populations (although they have other ailments
and often suffer horrible skin) so it was assumed that the
lower CVD was from fish consumption. These investigators
made a common mistake. They didn’t look at their entire
diet. Far from fish being the primary food, Eskimos rely
more on mammal protein like seal, whale, caribou, bear,
muskoxen, birds and their eggs. Incredibly, the initial
investigation chose to focus only on the fish component in
the Eskimo’s diet. This mistake is causing millions of
Americans and others around the world to be overdosed
with this toxic substance.
Regardless of the FAILURE of fish oil once again, we
predicted that its proponents are not encumbered by
the facts, so they were able to trot out the typical
responses...
Further read more here.
The authors of this meta study got it right — “To date, there
is no conclusive evidence to recommend
fish oil supplementation for primary or
secondary prevention of CVD.” — It’s time to
discard fish oil and adopt a rational approach to EFA supplementation.
Contact
Or
Visit us at
www.brianpeskin.com
Email us at info@brianpeskin.com
Thanks

Contenu connexe

Dernier

surat Call Girls 👙 6297143586 👙 Genuine WhatsApp Number for Real Meet
surat Call Girls 👙 6297143586 👙 Genuine WhatsApp Number for Real Meetsurat Call Girls 👙 6297143586 👙 Genuine WhatsApp Number for Real Meet
surat Call Girls 👙 6297143586 👙 Genuine WhatsApp Number for Real MeetCall Girls Chandigarh
 
Kottayam Call Girls 👙 6297143586 👙 Genuine WhatsApp Number for Real Meet
Kottayam Call Girls 👙 6297143586 👙 Genuine WhatsApp Number for Real MeetKottayam Call Girls 👙 6297143586 👙 Genuine WhatsApp Number for Real Meet
Kottayam Call Girls 👙 6297143586 👙 Genuine WhatsApp Number for Real MeetCall Girls Chandigarh
 
Gorgeous Call Girls In Pune {9xx000xx09} ❤️VVIP ANKITA Call Girl in Pune Maha...
Gorgeous Call Girls In Pune {9xx000xx09} ❤️VVIP ANKITA Call Girl in Pune Maha...Gorgeous Call Girls In Pune {9xx000xx09} ❤️VVIP ANKITA Call Girl in Pune Maha...
Gorgeous Call Girls In Pune {9xx000xx09} ❤️VVIP ANKITA Call Girl in Pune Maha...Sheetaleventcompany
 
vadodara Call Girls 👙 6297143586 👙 Genuine WhatsApp Number for Real Meet
vadodara Call Girls 👙 6297143586 👙 Genuine WhatsApp Number for Real Meetvadodara Call Girls 👙 6297143586 👙 Genuine WhatsApp Number for Real Meet
vadodara Call Girls 👙 6297143586 👙 Genuine WhatsApp Number for Real MeetCall Girls Chandigarh
 
Escorts Service Ahmedabad🌹6367187148 🌹 No Need For Advance Payments
Escorts Service Ahmedabad🌹6367187148 🌹 No Need For Advance PaymentsEscorts Service Ahmedabad🌹6367187148 🌹 No Need For Advance Payments
Escorts Service Ahmedabad🌹6367187148 🌹 No Need For Advance PaymentsAhmedabad Call Girls
 
(Big Boobs Indian Girls) 💓 9257276172 💓High Profile Call Girls Jaipur You Can...
(Big Boobs Indian Girls) 💓 9257276172 💓High Profile Call Girls Jaipur You Can...(Big Boobs Indian Girls) 💓 9257276172 💓High Profile Call Girls Jaipur You Can...
(Big Boobs Indian Girls) 💓 9257276172 💓High Profile Call Girls Jaipur You Can...Joya Singh
 
👉Bangalore Call Girl Service👉📞 7304373326 👉📞 Just📲 Call Rajveer Call Girls Se...
👉Bangalore Call Girl Service👉📞 7304373326 👉📞 Just📲 Call Rajveer Call Girls Se...👉Bangalore Call Girl Service👉📞 7304373326 👉📞 Just📲 Call Rajveer Call Girls Se...
👉Bangalore Call Girl Service👉📞 7304373326 👉📞 Just📲 Call Rajveer Call Girls Se...Sheetaleventcompany
 
AECS Layout Escorts (Bangalore) 9352852248 Women seeking Men Real Service
AECS Layout Escorts (Bangalore) 9352852248 Women seeking Men Real ServiceAECS Layout Escorts (Bangalore) 9352852248 Women seeking Men Real Service
AECS Layout Escorts (Bangalore) 9352852248 Women seeking Men Real ServiceAhmedabad Call Girls
 
Call Girls In Indore 📞9235973566📞Just Call Inaaya📲 Call Girls Service In Indo...
Call Girls In Indore 📞9235973566📞Just Call Inaaya📲 Call Girls Service In Indo...Call Girls In Indore 📞9235973566📞Just Call Inaaya📲 Call Girls Service In Indo...
Call Girls In Indore 📞9235973566📞Just Call Inaaya📲 Call Girls Service In Indo...Sheetaleventcompany
 
💚Chandigarh Call Girls Service 💯Jiya 📲🔝8868886958🔝Call Girls In Chandigarh No...
💚Chandigarh Call Girls Service 💯Jiya 📲🔝8868886958🔝Call Girls In Chandigarh No...💚Chandigarh Call Girls Service 💯Jiya 📲🔝8868886958🔝Call Girls In Chandigarh No...
💚Chandigarh Call Girls Service 💯Jiya 📲🔝8868886958🔝Call Girls In Chandigarh No...Sheetaleventcompany
 
Sexy Call Girl Tiruvannamalai Arshi 💚9058824046💚 Tiruvannamalai Escort Service
Sexy Call Girl Tiruvannamalai Arshi 💚9058824046💚 Tiruvannamalai Escort ServiceSexy Call Girl Tiruvannamalai Arshi 💚9058824046💚 Tiruvannamalai Escort Service
Sexy Call Girl Tiruvannamalai Arshi 💚9058824046💚 Tiruvannamalai Escort Servicejaanseema653
 
Jaipur Call Girls 9257276172 Call Girl in Jaipur Rajasthan
Jaipur Call Girls 9257276172 Call Girl in Jaipur RajasthanJaipur Call Girls 9257276172 Call Girl in Jaipur Rajasthan
Jaipur Call Girls 9257276172 Call Girl in Jaipur Rajasthanindiancallgirl4rent
 
Budhwar Peth ( Call Girls ) Pune 6297143586 Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Ready...
Budhwar Peth ( Call Girls ) Pune  6297143586  Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Ready...Budhwar Peth ( Call Girls ) Pune  6297143586  Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Ready...
Budhwar Peth ( Call Girls ) Pune 6297143586 Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Ready...tanu pandey
 
2024 PCP #IMPerative Updates in Rheumatology
2024 PCP #IMPerative Updates in Rheumatology2024 PCP #IMPerative Updates in Rheumatology
2024 PCP #IMPerative Updates in RheumatologySidney Erwin Manahan
 
Call Girls Service Chandigarh Sexy Video ❤️🍑 8511114078 👄🫦 Independent Escort...
Call Girls Service Chandigarh Sexy Video ❤️🍑 8511114078 👄🫦 Independent Escort...Call Girls Service Chandigarh Sexy Video ❤️🍑 8511114078 👄🫦 Independent Escort...
Call Girls Service Chandigarh Sexy Video ❤️🍑 8511114078 👄🫦 Independent Escort...Sheetaleventcompany
 
❤️Ludhiana Call Girls ☎️98157-77685☎️ Call Girl service in Ludhiana☎️Ludhiana...
❤️Ludhiana Call Girls ☎️98157-77685☎️ Call Girl service in Ludhiana☎️Ludhiana...❤️Ludhiana Call Girls ☎️98157-77685☎️ Call Girl service in Ludhiana☎️Ludhiana...
❤️Ludhiana Call Girls ☎️98157-77685☎️ Call Girl service in Ludhiana☎️Ludhiana...dilpreetentertainmen
 
Independent Call Girls Service Chandigarh Sector 17 | 8868886958 | Call Girl ...
Independent Call Girls Service Chandigarh Sector 17 | 8868886958 | Call Girl ...Independent Call Girls Service Chandigarh Sector 17 | 8868886958 | Call Girl ...
Independent Call Girls Service Chandigarh Sector 17 | 8868886958 | Call Girl ...Sheetaleventcompany
 
Top 20 Famous Indian Female Pornstars Name List 2024
Top 20 Famous Indian Female Pornstars Name List 2024Top 20 Famous Indian Female Pornstars Name List 2024
Top 20 Famous Indian Female Pornstars Name List 2024Sheetaleventcompany
 
Indore Call Girl Service 📞9235973566📞Just Call Inaaya📲 Call Girls In Indore N...
Indore Call Girl Service 📞9235973566📞Just Call Inaaya📲 Call Girls In Indore N...Indore Call Girl Service 📞9235973566📞Just Call Inaaya📲 Call Girls In Indore N...
Indore Call Girl Service 📞9235973566📞Just Call Inaaya📲 Call Girls In Indore N...Sheetaleventcompany
 
Kolkata Call Girls Miss Inaaya ❤️ at @30% discount Everyday Call girl
Kolkata Call Girls Miss Inaaya ❤️ at @30% discount Everyday Call girlKolkata Call Girls Miss Inaaya ❤️ at @30% discount Everyday Call girl
Kolkata Call Girls Miss Inaaya ❤️ at @30% discount Everyday Call girlonly4webmaster01
 

Dernier (20)

surat Call Girls 👙 6297143586 👙 Genuine WhatsApp Number for Real Meet
surat Call Girls 👙 6297143586 👙 Genuine WhatsApp Number for Real Meetsurat Call Girls 👙 6297143586 👙 Genuine WhatsApp Number for Real Meet
surat Call Girls 👙 6297143586 👙 Genuine WhatsApp Number for Real Meet
 
Kottayam Call Girls 👙 6297143586 👙 Genuine WhatsApp Number for Real Meet
Kottayam Call Girls 👙 6297143586 👙 Genuine WhatsApp Number for Real MeetKottayam Call Girls 👙 6297143586 👙 Genuine WhatsApp Number for Real Meet
Kottayam Call Girls 👙 6297143586 👙 Genuine WhatsApp Number for Real Meet
 
Gorgeous Call Girls In Pune {9xx000xx09} ❤️VVIP ANKITA Call Girl in Pune Maha...
Gorgeous Call Girls In Pune {9xx000xx09} ❤️VVIP ANKITA Call Girl in Pune Maha...Gorgeous Call Girls In Pune {9xx000xx09} ❤️VVIP ANKITA Call Girl in Pune Maha...
Gorgeous Call Girls In Pune {9xx000xx09} ❤️VVIP ANKITA Call Girl in Pune Maha...
 
vadodara Call Girls 👙 6297143586 👙 Genuine WhatsApp Number for Real Meet
vadodara Call Girls 👙 6297143586 👙 Genuine WhatsApp Number for Real Meetvadodara Call Girls 👙 6297143586 👙 Genuine WhatsApp Number for Real Meet
vadodara Call Girls 👙 6297143586 👙 Genuine WhatsApp Number for Real Meet
 
Escorts Service Ahmedabad🌹6367187148 🌹 No Need For Advance Payments
Escorts Service Ahmedabad🌹6367187148 🌹 No Need For Advance PaymentsEscorts Service Ahmedabad🌹6367187148 🌹 No Need For Advance Payments
Escorts Service Ahmedabad🌹6367187148 🌹 No Need For Advance Payments
 
(Big Boobs Indian Girls) 💓 9257276172 💓High Profile Call Girls Jaipur You Can...
(Big Boobs Indian Girls) 💓 9257276172 💓High Profile Call Girls Jaipur You Can...(Big Boobs Indian Girls) 💓 9257276172 💓High Profile Call Girls Jaipur You Can...
(Big Boobs Indian Girls) 💓 9257276172 💓High Profile Call Girls Jaipur You Can...
 
👉Bangalore Call Girl Service👉📞 7304373326 👉📞 Just📲 Call Rajveer Call Girls Se...
👉Bangalore Call Girl Service👉📞 7304373326 👉📞 Just📲 Call Rajveer Call Girls Se...👉Bangalore Call Girl Service👉📞 7304373326 👉📞 Just📲 Call Rajveer Call Girls Se...
👉Bangalore Call Girl Service👉📞 7304373326 👉📞 Just📲 Call Rajveer Call Girls Se...
 
AECS Layout Escorts (Bangalore) 9352852248 Women seeking Men Real Service
AECS Layout Escorts (Bangalore) 9352852248 Women seeking Men Real ServiceAECS Layout Escorts (Bangalore) 9352852248 Women seeking Men Real Service
AECS Layout Escorts (Bangalore) 9352852248 Women seeking Men Real Service
 
Call Girls In Indore 📞9235973566📞Just Call Inaaya📲 Call Girls Service In Indo...
Call Girls In Indore 📞9235973566📞Just Call Inaaya📲 Call Girls Service In Indo...Call Girls In Indore 📞9235973566📞Just Call Inaaya📲 Call Girls Service In Indo...
Call Girls In Indore 📞9235973566📞Just Call Inaaya📲 Call Girls Service In Indo...
 
💚Chandigarh Call Girls Service 💯Jiya 📲🔝8868886958🔝Call Girls In Chandigarh No...
💚Chandigarh Call Girls Service 💯Jiya 📲🔝8868886958🔝Call Girls In Chandigarh No...💚Chandigarh Call Girls Service 💯Jiya 📲🔝8868886958🔝Call Girls In Chandigarh No...
💚Chandigarh Call Girls Service 💯Jiya 📲🔝8868886958🔝Call Girls In Chandigarh No...
 
Sexy Call Girl Tiruvannamalai Arshi 💚9058824046💚 Tiruvannamalai Escort Service
Sexy Call Girl Tiruvannamalai Arshi 💚9058824046💚 Tiruvannamalai Escort ServiceSexy Call Girl Tiruvannamalai Arshi 💚9058824046💚 Tiruvannamalai Escort Service
Sexy Call Girl Tiruvannamalai Arshi 💚9058824046💚 Tiruvannamalai Escort Service
 
Jaipur Call Girls 9257276172 Call Girl in Jaipur Rajasthan
Jaipur Call Girls 9257276172 Call Girl in Jaipur RajasthanJaipur Call Girls 9257276172 Call Girl in Jaipur Rajasthan
Jaipur Call Girls 9257276172 Call Girl in Jaipur Rajasthan
 
Budhwar Peth ( Call Girls ) Pune 6297143586 Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Ready...
Budhwar Peth ( Call Girls ) Pune  6297143586  Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Ready...Budhwar Peth ( Call Girls ) Pune  6297143586  Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Ready...
Budhwar Peth ( Call Girls ) Pune 6297143586 Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Ready...
 
2024 PCP #IMPerative Updates in Rheumatology
2024 PCP #IMPerative Updates in Rheumatology2024 PCP #IMPerative Updates in Rheumatology
2024 PCP #IMPerative Updates in Rheumatology
 
Call Girls Service Chandigarh Sexy Video ❤️🍑 8511114078 👄🫦 Independent Escort...
Call Girls Service Chandigarh Sexy Video ❤️🍑 8511114078 👄🫦 Independent Escort...Call Girls Service Chandigarh Sexy Video ❤️🍑 8511114078 👄🫦 Independent Escort...
Call Girls Service Chandigarh Sexy Video ❤️🍑 8511114078 👄🫦 Independent Escort...
 
❤️Ludhiana Call Girls ☎️98157-77685☎️ Call Girl service in Ludhiana☎️Ludhiana...
❤️Ludhiana Call Girls ☎️98157-77685☎️ Call Girl service in Ludhiana☎️Ludhiana...❤️Ludhiana Call Girls ☎️98157-77685☎️ Call Girl service in Ludhiana☎️Ludhiana...
❤️Ludhiana Call Girls ☎️98157-77685☎️ Call Girl service in Ludhiana☎️Ludhiana...
 
Independent Call Girls Service Chandigarh Sector 17 | 8868886958 | Call Girl ...
Independent Call Girls Service Chandigarh Sector 17 | 8868886958 | Call Girl ...Independent Call Girls Service Chandigarh Sector 17 | 8868886958 | Call Girl ...
Independent Call Girls Service Chandigarh Sector 17 | 8868886958 | Call Girl ...
 
Top 20 Famous Indian Female Pornstars Name List 2024
Top 20 Famous Indian Female Pornstars Name List 2024Top 20 Famous Indian Female Pornstars Name List 2024
Top 20 Famous Indian Female Pornstars Name List 2024
 
Indore Call Girl Service 📞9235973566📞Just Call Inaaya📲 Call Girls In Indore N...
Indore Call Girl Service 📞9235973566📞Just Call Inaaya📲 Call Girls In Indore N...Indore Call Girl Service 📞9235973566📞Just Call Inaaya📲 Call Girls In Indore N...
Indore Call Girl Service 📞9235973566📞Just Call Inaaya📲 Call Girls In Indore N...
 
Kolkata Call Girls Miss Inaaya ❤️ at @30% discount Everyday Call girl
Kolkata Call Girls Miss Inaaya ❤️ at @30% discount Everyday Call girlKolkata Call Girls Miss Inaaya ❤️ at @30% discount Everyday Call girl
Kolkata Call Girls Miss Inaaya ❤️ at @30% discount Everyday Call girl
 

En vedette

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTExpeed Software
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsKurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Tessa Mero
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...RachelPearson36
 

En vedette (20)

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
 
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture Code
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
 

Study Showing the Fish Oil Failure in Prevention of CVD

  • 1. Study Showing the Fish Oil Failure in Prevention of CVD
  • 2. Efficacy of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements (Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid) in the Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
  • 3. • A Meta-analysis of Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo- Controlled Trials Sang Mi Kwak, MD; Seung-Kwon Myung, MD; Young Jae Lee, MD, MS; Hong Gwan Seo, MD, PhD; for the Korean Meta-analysis Study Group Arch Intern Med. Published online April 9, 2012. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2012.262.
  • 4. • Background: Although previous randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled trials reported the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplements in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the evidence remains inconclusive. Using a meta-analysis, we investigated the efficacy of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the secondary prevention of CVD.
  • 5. • Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library in April 2011. Two of us independently reviewed and selected eligible randomized controlled trials.
  • 6. • Results: Of 1007 articles retrieved, 14 randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trials (involving 20,485 patients with a history of CVD) were included in the final analyses. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids did not reduce the risk of overall cardiovascular events (relative risk, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.89- 1.09), all-caused mortality, sudden cardiac death, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, or transient ischemic attack and stroke. There was a small reduction in cardiovascular death (relative risk, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84-0.99), which disappeared when we excluded a study with major methodological problems.
  • 7. • Furthermore, no significant preventive effect was observed in subgroup analyses by the following: country location, inland or coastal geographic area, history of CVD, concomitant medication use, type of placebo material in the trial, methodological quality of the trial, duration of treatment, dosage of eicosapentaenoic acid or docosahexaenoic acid, or use of fish oil supplementation only as treatment.
  • 8. • Conclusion: Our meta-analysis showed insufficient evidence of a secondary preventive effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplements against overall cardiovascular events among patients with a history of cardiovascular disease.
  • 9. The journal article quote by Harvard investigators Frank B. Hu, MD and JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH was, ” To date, there is no conclusive evidence to recommend fish oil supplementation for primary or secondary prevention of CVD.” The investigators used more accurate post 2010 data. Pre-2010 data showed positive association with many “studies” because they were poorly conducted.
  • 10. • First, you need to know where the entire “we need fish and fish oil” nonsense came from. Eskimos have less CVD than most other populations (although they have other ailments and often suffer horrible skin) so it was assumed that the lower CVD was from fish consumption. These investigators made a common mistake. They didn’t look at their entire diet. Far from fish being the primary food, Eskimos rely more on mammal protein like seal, whale, caribou, bear, muskoxen, birds and their eggs. Incredibly, the initial investigation chose to focus only on the fish component in the Eskimo’s diet. This mistake is causing millions of Americans and others around the world to be overdosed with this toxic substance.
  • 11. Regardless of the FAILURE of fish oil once again, we predicted that its proponents are not encumbered by the facts, so they were able to trot out the typical responses... Further read more here.
  • 12. The authors of this meta study got it right — “To date, there is no conclusive evidence to recommend fish oil supplementation for primary or secondary prevention of CVD.” — It’s time to discard fish oil and adopt a rational approach to EFA supplementation.