1. Field Tests and Numerical Simulations
BY
NAVEEN.B.P
Research Scholar, IISc

2. 2
Contents
 Introduction
 Analysis for single pile under Vertical Axial Load
 Analysis for single pile under Lateral Load
 Analysis of Soil nailing
 Lateral Movement of Secant pile wall-Real time
monitoring at B’Lore Metro.
 Comparison of FLAC 3D and PLAXIS 3D

3. Single pile under Vertical Axial Load
Field Tests: Routine Vertical Load Test

4. Field Vertical pile load test data
Load (kN)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0
Settlement (mm)
5
10
15
Total Load [kN]
20
25
30
35
• This test is for a large diameter pile (diameter = 1300 mm), (Length = 9.5m)

5. Numerical Simulations
 Axi Symmetry geometry model.
 The element mesh - 15-node element.
 Geometry : 2D: 4m x 14.5m
 Pile radius:0.65m ; Length: 9.5m .
 5 noded beam-column element. 3 DoF per node.
 Ground water table is located at 3.5m.
 Stage-wise loading done, upto 3250kN.

6. Evaluating End Bearing & Skin Friction From Plaxis 2D Curve
Load (kN)
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3250
3500
0
Total Load [kN]
5
Skin Friction [kN]
Base Load [kN]
Settlement (mm)
10
Total Load with Plaxis
Base Load Plaxis
15
Skin Friction Plaxis
20
25
30
35
40
Method
IS code
Meyerhoff’s
PLAXIS 2D
Skin friction
(kN)
3674
1940
2183
End bearing
(kN)
1646
8840
1067
Total Load
( kN)
5320
10780
3250

7. Soil nailing

9. Fig: Factor of safety =3.17

10. 1. Metro(Jayanagar)-Group of piles (4)
Dia
1.2 m
3.Flyover(Kalyan nagar )-Group of piles (5)
Dia
1.2 m
2. Metro (M.G Road)-Monopiles
Dia
1.6 m
4. Flyover (HSR Layout)-Group of piles (4)
Dia
1.0 m
FEW PILE LOAD TESTS WHERE I WAS INVOLVED

11. 1. Metro(Jayanagar)-Group of piles (4)
Dia
1.2 m
3.Flyover(Kalyan nagar )-Group of piles (5)
Dia
1.2 m

12. Comparison of Dynamic load test with Numerical
simulation of PLAXIS 2D

13. Dynamic Pile Monitoring
HAMMER & CRANE
For each blow determine
• Capacity at time of testing
• Pile integrity
• Pile stresses
• Hammer performance
Last three items detect or prevent problems
For driven piles
Load (kN)
0.00
0.00
500.00
1,000.00
Settlement (mm)
2.00
4.00
Static Load Test
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
STRAIN GAUGE &
ACCELEROMETER

14. Numerical Simulation: Plaxis 2D
 Axi Symmetry geometry model.
 The element mesh - 15-node element.
 Geometry : 2D: 5m x 15m
 Pile radius:0.25m ; Length: 15m .
 5 noded beam-column element. 3 DoF per node.
 No Ground water table is located.
 Stage-wise loading done, up to 120mT.
Medium

15. RESULTS OBTAINED WITH DYNAMIC LOAD TESTS
CORRELATE WELL WITH THE RESULTS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
Load (kN)
0.00
0.00
200.00
400.00
600.00
800.00
1,000.00
1,200.00
PLAXIS 2D
Static Load Test
2.00
Base load by PLAXIS 2D
Settlement (mm)
Skin friction by PLAXIS 2D
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00

16. LATERAL LOADED PILE

17. FIELD TESTS: LATERAL LOAD TEST
Deflections Under Lateral Loads

18. Deflections Under Lateral Loads
LOAD(kN)
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
0.00
0.50
1.00
DEFORMATION (mm)
FIELD
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
Site 4: HSR Layout
Deflection at 12 mT is 4.12 mm

19. Numerical Modeling: PLAXIS 2D
 Plane strain geometry model.
 The element mesh - 15-node element.
 Geometry : 20m x 25m
 Pile Dia :1.0m ; Length: 17m .
 5 noded beam-column element. 3 DoF per node.
 Mohr Coulomb model used for first analysis of
problem
 Stage-wise loading up to 120 kN.

20. Comparison Field test and PLAXIS 2D Analysis
LOAD(kN)
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
0.00
1.00
SETTLEMENT(mm)
FIELD
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
PLAXIS 2D

21. Lateral Movement of Secant pile wall-Real time monitoring at B’Lore Metro
New type of sensors is developed for
simultaneous
monitoring
and
visualization of safety and risk
conditions at construction sites. These
sensors are designed and built based on
the new monitoring concept called “On
site visualization”
These sensors are capable of sensing
data and visually outputting the
measurement results simultaneously by
using LED for workers and all
concerned.
Plan (C/s AA which is perpendicular to HAL building alignment

22. TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF DIFFERENT SENSORS
Nos.
2
4
Inclinometer for ground
movement
Tilt meter for HLA Building
2
Tilt meter for scan pile wall
3
Strain gauge for strut
3
Load-cell for ground anchor
2
Typical arrangement of OSV devices at Bangalore Metro
Instruments
Tile-meter for BSNL Building

23. Field measurement of Deformation
2.0
0.00 m
1.0
Deformation
(mm)
0.0
-1.0
-2.0
9/9/11 12:00 AM
9/10/11 12:00 AM 9/11/11 12:00 AM 9/12/11 12:00 AM 9/13/11 12:00 AM 9/14/11 12:00 AM 9/15/11 12:00 AM 9/16/11 12:00 AM 9/17/11 12:00 AM

24. Numerical Simulation: PLAXIS 2D
 Plane strain geometry model.
 The element mesh - 15-node element.
 Geometry : 30m x 20m
 Pile diameter:0.8m ; Length: 12.6m .
 5 noded beam-column element. 3 DoF
per node.
 8m depth of excavation(stage wise)
 Struct 1 is installed at 1.85m.
 Struct 2 is installed at 3.5m
Geometry model
 Young’s Modulus E= 5000+2500z kN/m2 (z is depth in meters below datum).
 Total depth of soil layers (8m depth) is divided in 0.5m interval and then E varied
for each of the 0.5m.

25. About 0.48mm lateral deformation has
been obtained from the numerical
simulation at the ground level.
These values can be used to decide the
triggering value for the onsite
.
visualization scheme
Load –dispalcement curve of the secant pile wall
corresponding to 8m depth of excavation
Results from PLAXIS 2D
Sl no.
Details
1.
2.
Bending Moment (kN.m/m)
Shear Force (kN/m)
PLAXIS
ANALYSIS
464.16
304.39

26. Comparison of FLAC 3D and PLAXIS 3D
The load-deflection response of a single concrete pile foundation is calculated for loading in lateral directions.
 Axi symmetry geometry model.
 The element mesh - 15-node element.
 Geometry : X = 8m, Y= 8m, Z= -8m
 Pile Dia :0.6m ; Length: 5m .
 5 noded beam-column element. 3 DoF
per node.

27. Lateral forces versus lateral displacement at the pile top
Load (kN)
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
350.00
0.00
5.00
Displacement(mm)
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
PLAXIS 3D
FLAC 3D

28. WORK EXPERIENCE
Design of Piles for "Yashodhara Health Care" Building in Bangalore.
Ground Improvement by Stone columns in elevated road project electronic
city in Bangalore.
Associated with the Design of Rock anchoring for the shoring piles in Prestige
Khodey towers at Bangalore.
Design of Piles for Library building in Mysore.
Static pile load Test for Toyota in Bidadi.
Laterally Loaded Pile Testing for Flyover in HSR Layout in Bangalore.
Designing and construction of Tower Foundation for Karnataka Golf Course
in Bangalore.
Dynamic Pile Load test for Metro work in Bangalore.
Pile Integrity Testing for Metro work in Bangalore.

29. National Conferences:
1)
List of Publications
B.P.Naveen, T.G.Sitharam, S.Vishruth. “Behaviour of Large Diameter Lateral Loaded Piles in Residual Soils:
Field Tests and Simulations”, Indian Geotechnical Conference (IGC), (15-17 December 2011) Kochi, India Vol.
2: 835-839.
2)
Naveen.B.P., Sitaram nayak., Pujar.K.L. "Designing and construction of piles under various field conditions " in
IGC-2010,Geotrendz(December 16-18),pp.1035-1038.
3)
Naveen.B.P, Anil kumar sharma, Sivapullaiah.P.V., Sitharam. T.G., " Waste materials in Geon environmental
applications", National conference on recent advance in ground improvement techniques(February 24-25,2011).
CBRI, Roorkee,pp.155-164.
International Conferences:
1)
Naveen.B.P, Sitharam.T.G, Vishruth.S “Numerical Simulation of Laterally Loaded Piles", International
Conference
on
Ground
Improvement
and
Ground
control
(30
October
–
2November
2012), Wollongong, Australia ( Full length paper submitted ).
2)
T.G.Sitharam. B.P. Naveen, C.R.Parathasarthy “Numerical simulation of pile load test”, 9th International
Conference on Testing and Design Methods for Deep Foundations, (18-20 September,2012) Kanazawa, Japan
(Full length paper submitted ).
Journal :
Naveen.B.P., Sivapullaiah.P.V.,Sitharam.T.G., " Disposal options for solid waste of Bangalore city based on its
characteristics", Manuscript ID no IJEWM-19605,International Journal of Environment & Waste Management