Short power point showing the various styles and transitions of architecture. Also includes models built by architects. This is a good piece to introduce a model building project with high school or college age students.
2. THE 3 BASICS OF DESIGN IN
ARCHITECTURE:
Style
Form
Structure
3. STYLES & TIME PERIODS FOR
AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE
Colonial Architecture 1600-1820
Dutch Colonial Architecture Between Wars c. 1920-1940
French Colonial
Prairie Style
Spanish Colonial
Modernistic
Georgian Colonial
Romantic Architecture c.1820-1880
Craftsman
Greek Revival Art Deco Style c. 1923-1940 **
Gothic Revival Post WWII Architecture c. 1945-1965
Italianate
Formalism
Exotic Revival
International II
Octagon
Victorian Architecture c. 1870-1900
Late Twentieth-Century 1965-present
Second Empire Late Modernism
Stick Post-Modernism
Queen Anne
Shingle
Richardson Romanesque
Folk Victorian
** Art Nouveau (1890-1914)**
Early 20th-Century 1900-1920
Colonial Revival
Neoclassical
Tudor
Chateauesque
Beaux Arts
French Eclectic
International I
4. COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE
Stately, Symmetrical appearance being rectangular
shape with two stories.
Gables on the side and an entry door at the center.
To conserve heat, a massive chimney ran through the
center.
An orderly arrangement of windows around a central
front door.
Double-hung windows usually have many small,
equally sized square panes or “candles” separated
with “mutton-bars.”
GEORGIAN COLONIAL
5.
6. ROMANTIC ARCHITECTURE
Elaborate wooden millwork after
the Industrial Revolution fueled the
construction.
"Gothic" windows with distinctive
pointed arches
Exposed framing timbers
Steep, vaulted roofs with cross-
gables.
Extravagant features may include
towers and verandas.
Ornate wooden detailing is GOTHIC REVIVAL
generously applied as gable,
window, and door trim.
7.
8. VICTORIAN ARCHITECTURE
Use of mass-produced ornamentation such as
brackets, spindles, and patterned shingles.
The last true Victorians were constructed in
the early 1900s.
These homes combine modern materials with
19th century details, such as curved towers
and spindled porches.
Elaborate exterior trim (“gingerbread”) and
carved oak moldings.
New machines made it possible to mass-
produce ornamental features such as
moldings, columns, and brackets. The
expansion of the railroad meant that building VICTORIAN
parts could be sent to far corners of the
country so people in remote rural areas could
build fancier homes.
9.
10. ART NOUVEAU ** a world-wide movement
Dynamic, undulating, and
flowing, with curved http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikip
'whiplash' lines which
characterized much of Art
Nouveau movement.
Conventional moldings
seem to spring to life and
GRAND PALAIS INTERIEUR
'grow' into plant-derived PARIS FRANCE
forms.
11. Gaudí devoted his last years to the project, and at the time of his
death in 1926, less than a quarter of the project was
complete. Sagrada Família's construction progressed slowly, as it
relied on private donations and was interrupted by the Spanish Civil
War—only to resume intermittent progress in the 1950s. Construction
passed the midpoint in 2010 with some of the project's greatest
challenges remaining and an anticipated completion date of 2026—
the centennial of Gaudí's death.
12. EARLY 20TH CENTURY ARCHITECTURE
(contemporary)
Exposed functional building elements,
such as ground-to-ceiling plate glass
windows, and smooth facades.
The style was molded from modern
materials--concrete, glass, and steel.
Characterized by an absence of
decoration.
INTERNATIONAL
Interior and exterior walls merely act as
design and layout elements, and often
feature dramatic, but nonsupporting
projecting beams and columns
13.
14. ARCHITECTURE BETWEEN WARS
Boxy and symmetrical or low-
slung and asymmetrical.
Roofs are low-pitched, with
wide eaves.
Brick and clapboard are the
most common building
materials
Rows of casement windows
One-story porches with
massive square supports. PRAIRIE STYLE
Stylized floral and circular
geometric terra-cotta or
masonry ornamentation around
doors, windows, and cornices.
15. Frank Lloyd Wright
(1867-1959)
Flat planes to accent
the parries of the
Midwest.
Designed around
centralized fireplace
Attempted to create a
complete environment
out the conviction that
buildings have a
profound influence on
their inhabitants,
making architects
molders of people.
18. ART DECO STYLE
Echoed the Machine Age
Geometric decorative elements & a vertically
oriented design.
This distinctly urban style was never widely
used in residential buildings
Towers and other projections above the
roofline enhance the vertical emphasis of this
style.
Flat roofs, metal window casements, and
smooth stucco walls with rectangular cut-outs
mark the exteriors of Art Deco homes.
Facades are typically flush with zigzags and
other stylized floral, geometric, and "sunrise"
motifs. ART DECO
By 1940 the Art Deco style had evolved into
"Art Moderne," which features curved corners,
rectangular glass-block windows, and a boat-
like appearance.
19.
20. POST WWII ARCHITECTURE
Two versions: the flat-roof
and gabled types. The latter is
often characterized by
exposed beams.
Both types tend to be one-
story tall and were designed
to incorporate the surrounding
landscape into their overall CONTEMPORARY
look.
21.
22.
23. Seagram Building 1954-58 (Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip
Johnson.
This structure, and On completion, the construction
the International style in which it costs of Seagram made it the
was built, had enormous world's most expensive
influences on skyscraper at the time, due to
American architecture. the use of expensive, high-quality
materials and lavish interior
A building's structural elements decoration. The interior was
should be visible, Mies thought. designed to assure cohesion with
I beams were sheathed internally the external features, repeated
with concrete (fire code) but in the glass and bronze
duplicated outside for aesthetics. furnishings and decorative
As designed, the building used scheme.
1,500 tons of bronze in its Another interesting feature of the
construction. Seagram Building is the window
blinds. The blinds were made to
be– fully open, halfway
open/closed, or fully closed to
reduce cluttered look.
24.
25. LATE 20TH CENTURY
ARCHITECTURE
The walls of the building create
planes, which enclose the building.
The walls tend to be very smooth
with little interruption including
windows that are level with the
walls themselves.
These smooth-surfaced buildings
define a volume enclosed by the
building. SPLIT LEVEL
Symmetry is rejected in favor of
regularity. Under these principals,
the facade of buildings were
designed with windows and doors
spaced at regular intervals.
26. Project: Design a building and create
an architectural model.
Blue Print
Model