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Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation of Andean Hummingbirds
- 1. Relatedness, co-occurrence and plant-hummingbird interactions at multiple scales Plus some cool stuff with computers. Ben Weinstein – Stony Brook University
- 2. Acknowledgements Funding: Logistics: Maquipucuna EcoLodge Santa Lucia EcoLodge Phylogenetic and Trait Data Jimmy A. McGuire UC Berkeley, California F. Gary Stiles, Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- 3. Between June and August, I recorded 24 hummingbird species along a 4,000ft transect. This is equal to the total species ever observed in th United States.
- 4. What are the mechanisms that promote species co-occurrence? How do patterns of regional distribution relate to local processes?
- 5. Local Scale Distributions Resources Morphology Abiotic Environment Phylogeny Broad Scale Distributions
- 6. Local Scale Distributions Resources Behavior Morphology Abiotic Environment Phylogeny Broad Scale Distributions
- 7. Local Scale Distributions Resources Morphology Abiotic Environment Phylogeny Broad Scale Distributions
- 8. Niche Conservatism and Abiotic Filtering Due to phylogenetic constraints, niches (through adaptive traits) evolve slowly, such that closely related species tend to have similar niche requirements. Darwin, The Origin of Species. and Species with similar niche requirements should occur in similar environments. Joseph Grinnell
- 9. If this were universally true, species richness would be a product of time since colonization of closely related species. Wiens, J. J., et al. (2011). Ecology letters 14(7)
- 10. Hummingbirds compete for nectar resources
- 11. Species with overlapping niches compete for resources, leading to competitive exclusion or character divergence.
- 12. Therefore we expect a non-linear relationship among relatedness and niche overlap Predicted based on environment Closely Related Observed Distantly Related
- 15. As species become more related, they are more likely to overlap in environmental tolerances Very closely related species have a decreased probability of co-occurrence Increasing phylogenetic relatedness leads to increased probability of co-occurrence
- 16. Role of biotic interactions/dispersal The predicted effect of phylogenetic relatedness is stronger than the observed effect.
- 17. Aglaiocercus kingi Eriocnemis luciani Phaethornis yaruqui Damophila julie Body mass is associated with thermal regulation in cold environments and competitive dominance Wing size influences flight performance and behavior Bill length and shape is important in resource use and resource partitioning
- 18. Weaker results for traits, which is likely explained by behavioral diversity and a loose connection between traits and environments.
- 19. Can we measure local scale processes that might explain regional patterns?
- 20. Distributions Resources Behavior Morphology Abiotic Environment Broad Scale Local Scale • Closely related species co-occur • Traits do not have a strong effect on co-occurrence • Very closely related species have a decreased probability of co-occurrence
- 21. H1 Closely related species should choose similar resources. H2 Resource selection will be a function of floral and bill morphology H3 Niche partitioning should minimize niche overlap of competing species, either through behavior, temporal shifts, or micro-scale distribution
- 29. Body Mass (g) Morphological Diversity Bill Length (mm)
- 34. Time Lapse Cameras 1 Photo/Second 6AM – 12:00 12:30– 6:00PM 14,000 images/day 2 days/Flower ~30 Flowers/Month 6.5 TB of Data
- 42. Low Elevation Network (1300-1700m)
- 43. High Elevation Network (1900-2500m)
- 44. Hypotheses • Closely related species will choose similar resources. • Hummingbirds will choose resources that match their bill morphology. • Hummingbirds should be most specialized when there are fewest available resources.
- 45. Automated monitoring can be a powerful way to measure species presence
- 46. June 27th Unidentified dark bird on Asteraceae Mikania liana? (possibly endemic flower to the field site)
- 47. Basic ecology can inform which resources and habitats are used by pollinators.
- 48. The abiotic and biotic environment can shape ecosystem services
- 49. Thank You
Notes de l'éditeur
- Considerable morphological var – traits are related to foraging, competition and flightSpecialized nectarivores – western hemisphereLots of species co-occur (up to 30)We have been studying them in the Andes Mountains and associated lowlands of SAApplying the phylogenetics framework I just described and given what we know about hummingbirds we might predict…
- Get rid of the line.