5. 1st Generation (1G)
The first commercially automated cellular network
(the 1G) was launched in Japan by NTT (Nippon
Telegraph and Telephone) in 1979, initially in the
metropolitan area of Tokyo.
First generation used Total Access
Communication System (TACS).
6. Drawbacks of 1G
Poor voice quality
Poor battery life
Large phone size
No security
Frequent call drops
Can’t send text message
7. 2nd Generation (2G)
2G is short for second-generation wireless telephone
technology. Second generation 2G cellular telecom
networks were commercially launched on
the GSM standard
in Finland by Radiolinja in 1991.
8. Benefits of 2G Technology
Phone conversations were digitally
encrypted.
Text message service.
Roaming facility.
Drawbacks of 2G Technology
Roaming facility is semi-global
Voice quality is not so good
9. 2.5G wireless
An interim stage that is taken between 2G and
3G that is 2.5G.
Features includes
Phone calls/ Fax
Voice mail
Send/ Receive e-mail message
web browsing
Camera phones
Speed: 64-144 kb/sec
10. 3rd Generation (3G)
To meet the growing demand in network capacity,
rates required for high speed data transfer and
multimedia applications, 3G standard started
evolving.
3G technologies enable network operators to offer
users a wider range of more advanced services.
Data are sent through the technology called packet
switching / circuit switching.
11. Features includes
Phone calls/ Fax
Global roaming
Send/ receive large email messages
High speed web
Navigation/ maps
Video conferencing
TV streaming
Speed : 200 kb/sec- 2 mb/ sec
12. Advantages of 3G
More bandwidth, security & reliability.
Inter- portability between service providers.
High data rates.
Rich multimedia services.
Always online devices.
13. Disadvantages of 3G
Expensive input fees for the 3G service
licenses.
Numerous differences in the licensing terms.
It is a challenge to build the necessary.
Infrastructure for 3G.
Expense of 3G phones.
14. 4th Generation (4G)
A new revolution in the mobile market of India has
begun by Bharathi Airtel, one of the leading
mobile companies in the country, which has started
their services for the fourth generation mobiles in
Kolkata.
15. What is 4G ?
Faster and more reliable – 100 Mbps
Lower cost than previous generations
Multi-standard wireless system
Wi-Fi
Coverage of wide area
Wide variety of services capability
IPv6 core
Only packet switching used.
16. Why 4G ?
For the customer
Video streaming, TV broadcast
Video calls, video clips-news, music, sports
Enhanced gaming, chat, location services
For Business
High speed Tele-working
Video conferencing
Real-time financial information
18. Conclusion
Wireless systems becoming an important
infrastructure in our society. A virtual global system
is a good solution that can efficiently connect many
dedicated wireless systems including 1G to 4G
cellular systems.